Automatic dispensers of alcohol-based handrub (ABHR) have been widely adopted in healthcare facilities to maintain hand hygiene (HH). A proper supply of energy and refill is crucial to ensure uninterrupted access to hand sanitizing and minimize workflow disruption and inefficiencies. Various energy design and refill replenishment technologies have emerged with promising potential to eliminate HH disruptions. However, there is a lack of quantitative studies assessing the design impact on hand hygiene performance in healthcare settings. In this paper, we employ data-driven discrete-event simulation (DES) to evaluate the long-term performance of various energy designs of automatic dispensers in healthcare facilities. We analyze 7 years of historical usage data from 4 US hospitals and identify the usage patterns, which serve as the input traffic for our simulation model. We then estimate the workflow disruption caused by different types of dispensers over a 6-year period, in terms of the number of missed HH opportunities, battery replacements, and duration of downtime. The simulation results suggest that the differences in performance are significant among dispenser types. In high usage, the number of missed HH opportunities caused by refill depletion ranges from 403.1 to 1232.4, and total downtime ranges from 0 to 96.3 h. Implementing proactive maintenance measures, such as service refill alerts, can greatly reduce the chances of ABHR depletion, resulting an 81.6 % decrease in HH disruptions for a single dispenser in high usage. Therefore, healthcare facilities should consider the variations in dispenser design, including the energy management system. They should also carefully study dispenser usage patterns to implement optimized policies and practices for ABHR refill maintenance to minimize overall missed HH opportunities.