Duplication Issues Research Articles

SŁUŻBA CELNO-SKARBOWA A STRAŻ GRANICZNA W RZECZYPOSPOLITEJ POLSKIEJ PO REFORMIE ADMINISTRACJI SKARBOWEJ Z 1 MARCA 2017 ROKU

The scientific problem discussed in the article is to determine the essence of the creation of the Customs and Tax Service as a result of the reform of the tax administration in Poland in 2017 and to assess the correctness and legitimacy of its functioning in comparison with the functioning of the Border Guard. The paper uses the formal-dogmatic method based on the analysis of legal acts, which is the main method used in legal sciences. The method of critical analysis of the literature was also used. The Customs and Tax Service was established by the Act of 1 March 2017 on the National Revenue Administration together with the reform of the tax administration, combining the Customs Service and the tax administration authorities, while the Border Guard operates on the basis of the provisions of the Act of 12 October 1990 on the Border Guard. Both of these services are uniform, uniformed and armed formations designed to protect the state border, control traffic at the state border and ensure the protection of the customs territory of the European Community (Customs and Revenue Service) or counteract illegal migration (Border Guard). The same scope of many powers raises doubts as to the legitimacy of the creation of the Customs and Revenue Service and, consequently, as to the functioning of two uniformed formations performing, as the analysis shows, many of the same or similar tasks. In addition, the same issue of duplication of powers has been identified with regard to officers and officials of the National Revenue Administration. The question is whether such a solution and division of tasks should continue to function. The results of the findings clearly indicate that most of the tasks of the Customs and Revenue Service are duplicated with those of the Border Guard, and the tasks that currently lie solely within the competence of the Customs and Revenue Service could be distributed among the already functioning formations.

Case study: Accessioning and describing digital archival acquisitions using encoded archival description crosswalks

In 2021, the University of Southern California (USC) Libraries migrated to a new digital asset management system, Orange DAM, to administer its digital collections. The USC Libraries used this migration as an opportunity to improve its workflows for describing and enabling access to born-digital archival acquisitions. This case study examines the strengths and weaknesses of the USC Libraries’ past and current workflows for accessioning born-digital archival material. The case study focuses on the Libraries’ current workflow, which uses an Orange DAM export feature in conjunction with ArchivesSpace — an archives management application — to create and link the description of born-digital archival collections across USC’s discovery systems. The current workflow, created by the USC Libraries’ accessioning archivist in 2023, involves exporting metadata in an Encoded Archival Description (EAD) format from Orange DAM, editing the EAD using regular expressions, and then importing the description into an ArchivesSpace finding aid. While the current workflow prioritises expedited access over detailed description, it significantly improves the discoverability of new acquisitions of digital archives compared with previous workflows. Despite some duplication issues arising from the lack of built-in system integrations, this workflow strikes a balance between process efficiency and descriptive detail, aligning with the USC Libraries’ current operational limitations for managing digital archives.

Humanitarian Aid Management Information System for Afghanistan

The progression of database technology laid the foundation for the automation of manual data handling systems by transformation to MIS - Management Information System. Well-organized MIS is a data-driven tool and a key dimension for quality data. The humanitarian aid management information system is a useful asset for developed countries that helps reshape their citizens' lives in a post-disaster. In the context of Afghanistan, currently, the aid distribution records are handled with a manual and traditional file processing system that is vulnerable to various concerned issues of data duplication, security, consistency, integrity and concurrency. To respond to the transparency factor of the aid distribution process, it is necessary to track all the relevant information on the aid items such as quantity, accuracy, reliability and availability. Some other focal points are the prevention of redundancy and fraud in this process. These issues if not handled then it affects the overall aid distribution process in terms of management and transparency. This article aims to respond to the issues of current practices of the aid distribution process in Afghanistan. Aid distribution MIS as the output of this research spans to cover an umbrella of milestones. These include the supply chain, inventory, security, consistency, visualization, user management, concurrency, data encryption, and scalability. It is worth mentioning that this work is in response to the request of the office of the deputy prime minister of Afghanistan.

Formative Threads in the Tapestry of College Credit in High School: An Early History of the Development of Concurrent Enrollment and a Case Study of the Country's Oldest Program

While dual and concurrent enrollment (DE/CE) programs are a frequent part of a student’s secondary educational experience today, relatively little is known about how these programs came to be, what factors influenced their development, and what individual and institutional stakeholders were involved. This paper traces how DE/CE programs were created as one of many educational remedies to issues of articulation and duplication between high schools and colleges and the need for acceleration and enrichment for some students during the early and middle twentieth century. At that time, more students than ever were moving through the educational system, education attainment was increasing, and sociopolitical concerns required new ideas for the acceleration and enrichment of students. Additionally, this article also provides a historical review of the longest running CE program in the United States, the University of Connecticut’s Early College Experience Program. The historical review seeks to reflect and exemplify how the broader sociopolitical influences discussed in the first section of the paper influenced the creation of the first CE program in the country. Through understanding how one program came to be, the current landscape of DE/CE–as well as the evolution and future directions–can be better understood and contextualized.

Inappropriate image duplications in rhinology research publications.

Duplicated images in research articles erode integrity and credibility of biomedical science. Forensic software is necessary to detect figures with inappropriately duplicated images. This analysis reveals a significant issue of inappropriate image duplication in our field.

Duplication issues with the new interface of Scopus

This short communication discusses the duplication issue in Scopus's new interface. After searching for bibliographic records, the author noticed many duplicates in the downloadable file. This issue lasted a month, with 67% of records duplicated. After alerting Scopus, the new version was confirmed to have a duplication issue, prompting a recommendation to revert back to the old version. The study advises caution when utilizing Scopus data, particularly when exporting large files. Additionally, it highlights the novel attributes of the Scopus interface, including the ability to download 20,000 records at a time, a notable increase from the previous limit of 2,000.

Violation of official discipline: The principle of nulla poena sine lege and the effectiveness of disciplinary responsibility

The article analyzes the problem of the effectiveness of disciplinary responsibility from the point of view of implementation in the legislation on the public service of the principle of nulla poena sine lege. The author notes that a necessary condition for the social effectiveness of the institution of disciplinary responsibility is the achievement of the goals of its establishment— the prevention of disciplinary offenses. A necessary condition here is the principle of legal certainty, according to which the law establishing legal liability must be predictable to the extent that the subjects can foresee the legal consequences of their actions. From this position, the work analyzes the concept of a disciplinary offense, as well as its transformation in the field of public relations. The issue of duplication of the grounds for termination of the contract is considered as a measure of disciplinary responsibility and not disciplinary dismissal. The author justifies the conclusion that the contract cannot be terminated for a guilty unlawful act outside of disciplinary proceedings, bypassing the rules for applying disciplinary sanctions. Moral and ethical norms included in the wording of a disciplinary offense (for example, violation of the oath of a civil servant) deserve special attention. This is due to the desire of the legislator to outline as wide a range of acts as possible that constitute disciplinary offenses, including moral, ethical and other social offenses. However, such an approach only leads to inflation of disciplinary misconduct and devaluation of disciplinary responsibility in general.

HDL-ODPRs: A Hybrid Deep Learning Technique Based Optimal Duplication Detection for Pull-Requests in Open-Source Repositories

Recently, open-source repositories have grown rapidly due to volunteer contributions worldwide. Collaboration software platforms have gained popularity as thousands of external contributors have contributed to open-source repositories. Although data de-duplication decreases the size of backup workloads, this causes poor data locality (fragmentation) and redundant review time and effort. Deep learning and machine learning techniques have recently been applied to identify complex bugs and duplicate issue reports. It is difficult to use, but it increases the risk of developers submitting duplicate pull requests, resulting in additional maintenance costs. We propose a hybrid deep learning technique in this work on the basis of an optimal duplication detection is for pull requests (HDL-ODPRs) in open-source repositories. An algorithm used to extract textual data from pull requests is hybrid leader-based optimization (HLBO), which increases the accuracy of duplicate detection. Following that, we compute the similarities between pull requests by utilizing the multiobjective alpine skiing optimization (MASO) algorithm, which provides textual, file-change, and code-change similarities. For pull request duplicate detection, a hybrid deep learning technique (named GAN-GS) is introduced, in which the global search (GS) algorithm is used to optimize the design metrics of the generative adversarial network (GAN). The proposed HDL-ODPR model is validated against the public standard benchmark datasets, such as DupPR-basic and DupPR-complementary data. According to the simulation results, the proposed HDL-ODPR model can achieve promising results in comparison with existing state-of-the-art models.

A Cooperative Caching Scheme for VCCN With Mobility Prediction and Consistent Hashing

In order to mitigate the performance degradation of intermittent vehicular network caused by traffic mobility and sporadic connectivity issues, Vehicular Content Centric Network (VCCN) has been proposed to apply many technologies in Content Centric Network (CCN) into vehicular ad hoc networks. The open in-network caching strategy of CCN enables sharing and coordination of the cached data among multiple nodes as an efficient data access without relying on remote fetching. Nonetheless, few studies have considered the effective use of overall cache capacity with these cooperative nodes, especially the issues of cache duplication. Furthermore, most content replacement polices have ignored the needs of cooperative contents when making cache decisions. In this paper, we design a novel Cooperative Caching scheme by using Mobility Prediction and Consistent Hash for VCCN (called CCMPCH). Specifically, based on the observation that vehicles with the same trajectory are more likely to maintain stable communication links, we adopt Prediction by Partial Matching (PPM) to forecast each vehicle’s path and cluster the vehicles with similar future path, moving direction, and moving speed into one group. In each cluster, the consistent hash algorithm is used to allocate contents among cooperative nodes, thereby reducing unnecessary cache duplication while maintaining strong content availability. A popularity-based cache replacement policy is also developed to prioritize cooperative contents. We evaluate CCMPCH via extensive simulations, which demonstrates its higher cache hit ratio, shorter content access delay, and lower hop count compared to other state-of-the-art schemes.

SAM-Net: LiDAR Depth Inpainting for 3D Static Map Generation

Various sensors can be attached and added to autonomous vehicles, included visual cameras, radar, LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging), and GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System). These sensors have been studied in many research areas, in particular studies on building precise 3D maps. It is essential for autonomous driving to create an accurate 3D map of the surrounding scene. However, creating an accurate static 3D map is difficult due to changes in moving objects or dynamic environments. Spurious objects on the 3D map can be handled by removing or ignoring them for 3D mapping. Following this idea, we propose an object segmentation and inpainting network. The proposed network called SAM-Net, addresses the object duplication issue by segmenting the objects and inpainting them with the segmentation results. Conventional inpainting research has dealt with RGB images. No matter how well such approaches reconstruct holes or corrupted images, they do not establish 3D points’ relationship with the point cloud frame. Therefore, we suggest a depth inpainting method for outdoor object segmentation and inpainting tasks that utilizes a high-precision depth range sensor (Velodyne HDL-64E), which is not suggested before. Unfortunately, no dataset exists for the outdoor depth inpainting task. Thus, to train our model, we generate a new dataset by locating objects on a clean static background. Moreover, our proposed method shows outstanding depth performance compared to the previous visual inpainting method. Our dataset will be available at: “ <uri xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">https://github.com/JunhyeopLee/lidar_inpainting</uri> ”.

Contested duplicates: disputed negotiations surrounding ethnographic doppelgängers in German New Guinea, 1898-1914.

The issue of duplicates and duplication in ethnographic collection is frequently regarded as a process that begins and ends in the museum as a fundamental act of the process of curating. In contrast, this article maintains, this practice occurred all along the chain of collecting, where indigenous artefacts operated as items of exchange in the context of the colonial encounter. Using the example of German New Guinea, the article maintains that epistemological concerns, as symbolic currency both in terms of inter-museum exchange and in terms of contributing to individual and institutional prestige, guiding ethnographic intuitions had little influence on colonial resident collectors. Colonial residents, who resented the heavy hand of colonial and museum officials in Berlin, infused duplication with their own desires, which included commercial gain or the conferment of the many German state decorations. The colonized indigenous population benefited from the increasing demand for their material culture, which provided valuable items and bargaining chips in the emerging colonial exchange. Duplicates are identified as doppelgängers to explore the political tensions that emerged in connection with duplication among museum officials and European and indigenous colonial residents.

Tracking The Sensitivity of The Learning Models Toward Exact and Near Duplicates

Most real-world datasets contaminated by quality issues have a severe effect on the analysis results. Duplication is one of the main quality issues that hinder these results. Different studies have tackled the duplication issue from different perspectives. However, revealing the sensitivity of supervised and unsupervised learning models under the existence of different types of duplicates, deterministic and probabilistic, is not broadly addressed. Furthermore, a simple metric is used to estimate the ratio of both types of duplicates regardless of the probability by which the record is considered duplicate. In this paper, the sensitivity of five classifiers and four clustering algorithms toward deterministic and probabilistic duplicates with different ratios (0% - 15%) is tracked. Five evaluation metrics are used to accurately track the changes in the sensitivity of each learning model, MCC, F1-Score, Accuracy, Average Silhouette Coefficient, and DUNN Index. Also, a metric to measure the ratio of probabilistic duplicates within a dataset is introduced. The results revealed the effectiveness of the proposed metric that reflects the ratio of probabilistic duplicates within the dataset. All learning models, classification, and clustering models are differently sensitive to the existence of duplicates. RF and Kmeans are positively affected by the existence of duplicates which means that their performce increase as the percentage of duplicates increases. Furthermore, the rest of classifiers and clustering algorithms are sensitive toward duplicates existence, especially within high percentage that negatively affect their performance.

Correction for Li et al., "Global Transcriptional Repression of Diguanylate Cyclases by MucR1 Is Essential for Sinorhizobium-Soybean Symbiosis".

Volume 12, issue 5, e01192-21, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01192-21. In Fig. 2B of the original paper, the image of the Western blot that shows the expression level of c15850 using anti-His monoclonal antibody was duplicated in the panel for c21220. This duplication issue happened at the figure assembly stage and was not identified at submission and proof stages. The authors provide here Fig. 2B with the correct Western blot image in the c21220 panel, which does not change results and conclusions of the article. Nonetheless, the authors apologize to the readers for any inconvenience that this error may have caused.

Approaches to Determining the Regular Transit Route Duplication Level

Issues of duplication of regular transit routes are of particular importance in the field of transport services provided to population and organisation of passenger transportation from the perspective of ensuring compliance with passengers needs for transportation and of the effects of route duplication on the technical, operational, and economic indicators of performance of these routes and the integral route network.In Russia duplication of regular routes within route networks emerged in the late 1990s – early 2000s in urban transit, other transit modes, and in interconnected transit. In the last decade, these routes have been increasingly subject to revision by local governments and executive bodies of federal constituent entities of the Russian Federation while solving transport planning problems and improving quality of transport services for the population.Evaluation of route duplication, as a rule, is carried out based on the route factor and the route duplication factor, the latter allows pairwise assessment of routes by the length of their overlapping segments.The objective of this article is to show incorrectness of the widespread technique and to present another approach that provides, in the author’s opinion, the correct interpretation of the method for determining the route duplication rate. Achieving this objective is based on methods of theoretical research in the field of organising passenger transportation.In development of this logic, the author proposed a new method for determining the route duplication factor using route adjacency factor, which considers directions and volumes of passenger origin-destination flows. Comparison of existing and proposed approaches is given using simple examples. The results of calculations have confirmed the different nature of factors and the absence of a direct relationship between the needs of passengers for transportation by public transport and the length of adjacent sections of routes. The conclusion is made about probable expediency of using the second (author’s) approach based on the route adjacency factor, which provides a correct solution to the stated transport planning problem. Besides, the possibility of using a new approach when performing diagnostics or designing route networks of different transport modes is shown both in relation to route matching and regarding their clusters and the entire route network.

Retracted] Suppression of YAP by DDP disrupts colon tumor progression.

Following the publication of this paper, it was drawn to the authors' attention by an interested reader that Fig.6D contained images featuring overlapping data, which reportedly had been derived under different experimental conditions. Subsequently, further issues of data duplication were brought to light by another interested reader concerning the above article; first, certain of the images showing colony‑forming assays in Fig.4D were strikingly similar to images that had appeared in a previous publication by the same research group, and secondly, a couple of instances of data duplication were identified among the histopathological images presented within Fig.7D. After having considered the various issues that have been brought to light with this paper, together with an appeal from the authors that a Corrigendum be published, the Editor of Oncology Reports has ruled that the article should be retracted from the publication on account of a lack of overall confidence in the presented data. Note that the authors were not in agreement that the number of errors reported and identified were sufficient to merit the retraction of the article. Additionally, the authors carefully checked the raw data and drew a conclusion that the final scientific conclusions were not affected. The Editor and the authors apologize to the readership for any inconvenience caused. [the original article was published in Oncology Reports 39: 2114‑2126, 2018; DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6297].

Cluster Approach Model for Promoting Coordination in Humanitarian Aid; Following the Kermanshah Earthquake, Iran, 2017

Background: The Cluster model is designed as a solution to promote humanitarian response management. This approach is used as an effective model for cooperation and participation of the relevant aid organizations. Objective: This study aimed to identify the type and method of humanitarian aid to support people affected by the Kermanshah earthquake and discuss the importance of the cluster approach in humanitarian response. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the data were collected in two steps. First, NEWS and national reports were reviewed and then scientific articles were reviewed for the use of cluster approach for humanitarian aids in disaster. Finally, the findings were compared with the cluster approach of humanitarian aid and analyzed gap and duplication issues in the humanitarian aid related to the Kermanshah earthquake. Results: Findings showed 308 pieces of NEWS and reports on humanitarian aid transmission were found, 38 % (33) of which were from government agencies and 62% from non-governmental institutes. A review of the NEWS agencies revealed that 150 non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and 33 government agencies had helped Kermanshah by sending financial and non-financial aids. Therefore, the cluster approach is necessary for improving humanitarian responses in developing countries, especially countries located in disaster-prone zones. Therefore, the cluster model can be used in the social donation and can be managed by volunteer organizations during disasters for collecting and transferring the donations. Conclusion: The Cluster model is designed as a solution to promote humanitarian response management. This approach is used as an effective model for cooperation and participation of the relevant aid organizations. There are currently 11 clusters including agriculture, camp management, rapid recovery, education, shelter, telecommunications, health, support, water and sanitation, nutrition, protection and health.

Coffee Consumption and Colon Cancer Risk: A Meta- Epidemiological Study of Asian Cohort Studies.

Objective:A systematic review reported that coffee consumption would decrease risk of colon cancer in Asian women. But the systematic review arises the issue of duplication, so that a meta-epidemiological study was conducted. Methods:The selection criteria were defined that a prospective cohort follow-up study conducted to evaluate coffee consumption and risk of colon cancer in Asian and showed adjusted relative risk and its 95% confidence interval. In order to conduct meta-analysis, the highest versus lowest method was applied to extract relative risk and its 95% confidence intervals of the highest category. Random effect model was applied if I-squared value was over 50%. Results:After avoiding duplication, 9 cohort data were selected for meta-analysis. The summary relative risk (and their 95% confidence intervals) [I-square value] were 0.90 (95% CI: 0.79-1.03) [0.0%] in men, and 0.64 (95% CI: 0.36-1.15) [65.9%] in women, respectively. Conclusions:The results suggest that coffee consumption is not associated with the risk of colon cancer in Asian men and women. The findings of this study are consistent with the results of two systematic reviews conducted under the same hypothesis and selection criteria. Additional epidemiological studies are needed for the inflection of colon cancer risk as the dose of coffee increases and the difference in the protective effect by sex.

A Survey of Liver Cancer Specialists' Views on the National Liver Cancer Screening Program in Korea.

To reduce the cancer burden, the Korean government initiated the National Cancer Control Plan including the National Liver Cancer Screening Program (NLCSP). Ultrasonography examinations and α-fetoprotein tests at six-month intervals are currently offered for high-risk individuals. High-risk individuals are identified by reviewing the National Health Insurance Service claims data for medical use for the past two years using International Classification of Diseases Codes for specific liver disease. We surveyed the attitudes and opinions towards the NLCSP to understand the issues surrounding the NLCSP in Korea. Altogether, 90 Korean Liver Cancer Association members participated in online and offline surveys between November and December 2019. Approximately one-quarter (27%) of the survey participants rated the NLCSP as very contributing and about two-thirds (68%) as contributing to some extent toward reducing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-related deaths in Korea. Most (87.8%) responded that the current process of identifying high-risk individuals needs improvement. Many (78.9%) were concerned that the current process identifies individuals who use medical services and paradoxically misses those who do not. When asked for the foremost priority for improvement, solving 'duplication issues between the NLCSP and private clinic HCC screening practices' was the most commonly selected choice (23.3%). The survey participants positively rated the role of the NLCSP in reducing liver cancer deaths. However, many participants rated the NCLSP as needing improvement in all areas. This survey can be a relevant resource for future health policy decisions regarding the NLCSP in Korea.

Submission to the Review of Telecommunications and Other Legislation Amendment (Assistance and Access) Act 2018

Lyria Bennett Moses, Director of the Allens Hub, together with Hub member Genna Churches and Hub research assistant, Nicholas Parker, prepared a submission for the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor’s Review of Telecommunications and Other Legislation Amendment (Assistance and Access) Act 2018 (‘TOLA Act’). The Act, controversially passed on the last sitting day of Parliament into 2018 may have wide spread ramifications for broader network security and encryption protocols. The submission touches on a number of issues, including the need for clarity, transparency and accountability, particularly surrounding the boundaries of national security and law enforcement agencies power to collect, access, analyse and act on data whilst maintaining public trust. The need for transparency and accountability feeds into a discussion on the range of interpretations which could be derived from elements of the Act and that the Act itself amended the Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Act 1979 (Cth) and the Telecommunications Act 1997 (Cth) which already contained known issues of duplication, confusion and conflict. The submission closes by considering the need for public justification of such powers and if the powers are required, the appropriate form and standard of reporting on the use of those powers. The Allens Hub have been invited to provide oral evidence at the INSLM hearings in Canberra during February 2020.

Feedback Recommendation System Based on Structured Feedback Acquisition

Users’ feedback are increasingly becoming a vital factor during the software evolution process. Users’ feedback are widely considered to be an indication of how satisfied are the system’s users. It was found that large percentage of feedback represents problems reported by users who face problems in using the system. Users’ feedback are usually communicated in an ad-hoc manner with no defined structure. The ad-hoc nature of the feedback makes it difficult to study and analyse feedback. Also, it usually happens that similar problems are reported by different users, so engineers spend wasted time and effort in duplicate issues. In this paper we propose a recommendation system which recommends to the user reported problems that are similar to his from prevoius feedback threads to reuse existing solutions. We based our work on a structured feedback system to ensure we get better results. Structured feedback ensures minimum level of useful and meanigful information that helps enhance the analysis results. Initial evaluation was conducted and the results are promising.