Obesity is associated with reduced life expectancy and various comorbidities. Surgical interventions are effective but accompanied by risk of serious complications. Less invasive endoscopic procedures mainly comprise the intragastric balloon (IB) and the duodenal-jejunal bypass liner (DJBL). A randomized, sham-controlled study comparing both procedures has not been undertaken so far. We performed a randomized, patient- and assessor-blinded, controlled trial comparing weight loss in IB vs. DJBL vs. a sham procedure (2:2:1 ratio). Patients with a BMI > 35 kg/m2 or > 30 with obesity-related comorbidities were included. The IB was removed after 6 months and the DJBL after 12 months. Main objective was successful weight loss (>10% from baseline) 12 months after explantation of the devices. Secondary outcomes were changes in comorbidities, quality of life and complications. 33 patients were randomized. Recruitment has to be stopped suddenly in after the DJBL device lost its CE mark in Europe. 11 patients received DJBL, 15 IB and 7 were allocated to sham group. Blinding was feasible in all patients. Weight decreased from baseline until explantation (DJBL: 129.4±28.3kg to 107.4±16.7kg; IB: 118.3±22.8kg to 107.4±25.7kg; sham: 134.6±18.0kg to 131.2±14.3kg) but patients regained weight almost to baseline level 12 months after explantation. Only one patient in IB group reached the primary endpoint. Severe device-related complications were very rare. Endoscopic bariatric procedures failed to achieve effective weight loss 12 months after explantation of the devices. The results of this trial need to be interpreted with caution due to its early termination.