Duality Conjecture Research Articles

The Holographic Universe Turns 25: The AdS/CFT duality conjecture, which suggests our universe is a hologram, has enabled many significant discoveries in physics.

The Holographic Universe Turns 25: The AdS/CFT duality conjecture, which suggests our universe is a hologram, has enabled many significant discoveries in physics.

Howe duality and dichotomy for exceptional theta correspondences

We study three exceptional theta correspondences for p-adic groups, where one member of the dual pair is the exceptional group $$G_2$$ . We prove the Howe duality conjecture for these dual pairs and a dichotomy theorem, and determine explicitly the theta lifts of all non-cuspidal representations.

Integral comparisons of nonnegative positive definite functions on LCA groups

In this paper we investigate the following questions. Let mu , nu be two regular Borel measures of finite total variation. When do we have a constant C satisfying ∫fdν≤C∫fdμ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\begin{aligned} \\int f d\ u \\le C \\int f d\\mu \\end{aligned}$$\\end{document}whenever f is a continuous nonnegative positive definite function? How the admissible constants C can be characterized, and what is their optimal value? We first discuss the problem in locally compact abelian groups. Then we make further specializations when the Borel measures mu , nu are both either purely atomic or absolutely continuous with respect to a reference Haar measure. In addition, we prove a duality conjecture posed in our former paper.

Rank-one sheaves and stable pairs on surfaces

Finite Quot schemes were used by Bertram, Johnson, and the first author to study Le Potier's strange duality conjecture on del Pezzo surfaces when one of the moduli spaces is the Hilbert scheme of points. In order to rigorously enumerate the finite Quot scheme, we study the moduli space of limit stable pairs in which the target has rank one on a smooth complex projective surface. We obtain an embedding of this moduli space into a smooth space that induces a perfect obstruction theory. This obstruction theory yields a virtual fundamental class that can be computed explicitly. Because the moduli space coincides with the Quot scheme when they have dimension 0, this makes the desired count of the finite Quot scheme in Bertram et al. rigorous. As another application, we obtain a universality result for tautological integrals on the moduli space of stable pairs.

Holographic entanglement entropy and modular Hamiltonian in warped CFT in the framework of GMMG model

We study some aspects of a class of non-AdS holography where the 3D bulk gravity is given by generalized minimal massive gravity (GMMG). We consider the spacelike warped AdS_3 (WAdS_3) black hole solution of this model where the 2d dual boundary theory is the warped conformal field theory (WFCT). The charge algebra of the isometries in the bulk and the charge algebra of the vacuum symmetries at the boundary are compatible and this is an evidence for the duality conjecture. Further evidence for this duality is the equality of entanglement entropy and modular Hamiltonian on both sides of the duality. So we consider the modular Hamiltonian for the single interval at the boundary in associated to the modular flow generators of the vacuum. We calculate the gravitational charge in associated to the asymptotic Killing vectors that preserve the metric boundary conditions. Assuming the first law of the entanglement entropy to be true, we introduce the matching conditions between the variables in two side of the duality and we find equality of the modular Hamiltonian variations and the gravitational charge variations in two sides of the duality. According to the results of the present paper we can say with more sure that the dual theory of the warped AdS3 black hole solution of GMMG is a Warped CFT.

Donaldson-Thomas transformation of Grassmannian

Let m and n be two integers such that 1<m<n−1. The configuration space Confn×(Pm−1), which is the moduli space of n points in the projective space Pm−1 satisfying certain linearly independent condition, is closely related to the Grassmannian Grm,n, and is birationally equivalent to the cluster Poisson variety XAm−1□An−m−1.A Donaldson-Thomas transformation is a special formal automorphism on a cluster Poisson variety and encodes the Donaldson-Thomas invariants of the moduli space of stability conditions on the associated 3d Calabi-Yau category. The existence of a cluster Donaldson-Thomas transformation is part of Gross-Hacking-Keel-Kontsevich's sufficient condition for the Fock-Goncharov cluster duality on the cluster ensemble. In this paper we construct the cluster Donaldson-Thomas transformation on the cluster Poisson variety XAm−1□An−m−1 and realize it as an isomorphism on the configuration space Confn×(Pm−1), proving a conjecture of Goncharov and Shen. Via our construction we also prove the Fock-Goncharov cluster duality conjecture on the associated cluster ensemble and obtain a periodicity result on the Donaldson-Thomas transformation associated to the Am−1□An−m−1 quiver.

Cluster Structures on Double Bott–Samelson Cells

AbstractLet$\mathsf {C}$be a symmetrisable generalised Cartan matrix. We introduce four different versions of double Bott–Samelson cells for every pair of positive braids in the generalised braid group associated to$\mathsf {C}$. We prove that the decorated double Bott–Samelson cells are smooth affine varieties, whose coordinate rings are naturally isomorphic to upper cluster algebras.We explicitly describe the Donaldson–Thomas transformations on double Bott–Samelson cells and prove that they are cluster transformations. As an application, we complete the proof of the Fock–Goncharov duality conjecture in these cases. We discover a periodicity phenomenon of the Donaldson–Thomas transformations on a family of double Bott–Samelson cells. We give a (rather simple) geometric proof of Zamolodchikov’s periodicity conjecture in the cases of$\Delta \square \mathrm {A}_r$.When$\mathsf {C}$is of type$\mathrm {A}$, the double Bott–Samelson cells are isomorphic to Shende–Treumann–Zaslow’s moduli spaces of microlocal rank-1 constructible sheaves associated to Legendrian links. By counting their$\mathbb {F}_q$-points we obtain rational functions that are Legendrian link invariants.

Strange duality on [formula omitted] via quiver representations

We study Le Potier's strange duality conjecture on P2. We focus on the strange duality map SDcnr,d which involves the moduli space of rank r sheaves with trivial first Chern class and second Chern class n, and the moduli space of 1-dimensional sheaves with determinant OP2(d) and Euler characteristic 0. By using tools in quiver representation theory, we show that SDcnr,d is an isomorphism for r=n or r=n−1 or d≤3, and in general SDcnr,d is injective for any n≥r>0 and d>0.

Emergent dual holographic description for interacting Dirac fermions in the large N limit

We derive an effective dual holographic Einstein-Maxwell theory, applying renormalization group transformations to interacting Dirac fermions in a recursive way. In particular, we show how both background metric tensor and U(1) gauge fields become dynamical to describe the renormalization group flows of coupling functions and order parameter fields of the corresponding quantum field theory through natural emergence of an extra-dimensional space, respectively. Finally, we propose a prescription on how to calculate correlation functions in a non-perturbative way, where quantum fluctuations of both metric and gauge fields are frozen to cause a classical field theory of the Einstein-Maxwell type in the large $N$ limit. Here, $N$ is the flavor degeneracy of Dirac fermions. This prescription turns out to coincide with that of the holographic duality conjecture.

Editorial: Biographical Memoirs, Volume 69

Editorial: Biographical Memoirs, Volume 69

David Ian Olive. 16 April 1937—7 November 2012

David Olive, who died in Barton, Cambridgeshire, on 7 November 2012, aged 75, was a theoretical physicist who made seminal contributions to the development of string theory and to our understanding of the structure of quantum field theory. In early work on S -matrix theory, he helped to provide the conceptual framework within which string theory was initially formulated. His work, with Gliozzi and Scherk, on supersymmetry in string theory made possible the whole idea of superstrings, now understood as the natural framework for string theory. Olive’s pioneering insights about the duality between electric and magnetic objects in gauge theories were way ahead of their time; it took two decades before his bold and courageous duality conjectures began to be understood. Although somewhat quiet and reserved, he took delight in the company of others, generously sharing his emerging understanding of new ideas with students and colleagues. He was widely influential, not only through the depth and vision of his original work, but also because the clarity, simplicity and elegance of his expositions of new and difficult ideas and theories provided routes into emerging areas of research, both for students and for the theoretical physics community more generally.

Analytic integrability for holographic duals with Joverline{T} deformations

We probe warped BTZ ×S3 geometry with various string solitons and explore the classical integrability criteria of the associated phase space configurations using Kovacic’s algorithm. We consider consistent truncation of the parent sigma model into one dimension and obtain the corresponding normal variational equations (NVE). Two specific examples have been considered where the sigma model is reduced over the subspace of the full target space geometry. In both examples, NVEs are found to possess Liouvillian form of solutions which ensures the classical integrability of the associated phase space dynamics. We address similar issues for the finite temperature counterpart of the duality, where we analyse the classical phase space of the string soliton probing warped BTZ black string geometry. Our analysis reveals a clear compatibility between normal variational equations and the rules set by the Kovacic’s criteria. This ensures the classical integrability of the parent sigma model for the finite temperature extension of the duality conjecture.

Emergent geometry in recursive renormalization group transformations

Holographic duality conjecture has been proposed to be a novel non-perturbative theoretical framework for the description of strongly correlated electrons. However, the duality transformation is not specified to cause ambiguity in the application of this theoretical machinery to condensed matter physics. In this study, we propose a prescription for the holographic duality transformation. Based on recursive renormalization group (RG) transformations, we obtain an effective field theory, which manifests the RG flow of an effective action through the introduction of an extra dimension. Resorting to this prescription, we show that RG equations of all coupling constants are reformulated as emergent geometry with an extra dimension. We claim that the present prescription serves as microscopic foundation for the application of the holographic duality conjecture to condensed matter physics.

Geometric encoding of renormalization group β -functions in an emergent holographic dual description

First, we reformulate RG transformations in a recursive way with introduction of an order-parameter field. As a result, we manifest the RG flow of an effective field theory through the emergence of an extra dimensional space, where both RG $\beta-$functions of coupling functions and RG flow equation of the order-parameter field appear in the resulting effective action explicitly through the extra dimensional space. Second, we consider an effective dual holographic description derived recently, where the classical gravity theory of the large $N$ limit takes into account quantum corrections in the all-loop order. This non-perturbative nature turns out to originate from an intertwined renormalization structure between both RG flow equations of coupling functions and order-parameter fields in the emergent extra-dimensional space, where the IR boundary condition of the order-parameter field gives rise to a mean-field equation with fully renormalized interaction coefficients. Third, comparing the RG-reformulated effective field theory with this effective dual holographic description, we obtain term-by-term matching conditions in the level of an effective action. As a result, we express all RG coefficients of fields and interaction vertices in terms of the metric tensor of the dual holographic theory. Through this metric reformulation for the RG analysis, we propose a prescription on how to find RG $\beta-$functions of interaction coefficients in a non-perturbative way beyond the perturbative RG analysis. In particular, we claim that the present prescription of the RG flow generalizes the holographic RG flow of the holographic duality conjecture towards the absence of conformal symmetry, where the emergent holographic dual effective field theory has been derived from the first principle, thus being applicable even away from quantum criticality.

Cyclic Sieving and Cluster Duality of Grassmannian

We introduce a decorated configuration space $\mathscr{C}\!{\rm onf}_n^\times(a)$ with a potential function $\mathcal{W}$. We prove the cluster duality conjecture of Fock-Goncharov for Grassmannians, that is, the tropicalization of $\big(\mathscr{C}\!{\rm onf}_n^\times(a), \mathcal{W}\big)$ canonically parametrizes a linear basis of the homogeneous coordinate ring of the Grassmannian $\operatorname{Gr}_a(n)$ with respect to the Pl\"ucker embedding. We prove that $\big(\mathscr{C}\!{\rm onf}_n^\times(a), \mathcal{W}\big)$ is equivalent to the mirror Landau-Ginzburg model of the Grassmannian considered by Eguchi-Hori-Xiong, Marsh-Rietsch and Rietsch-Williams. As an application, we show a cyclic sieving phenomenon involving plane partitions under a sequence of piecewise-linear toggles.

Statistics of Extremes in Eigenvalue-Counting Staircases.

We consider the number N_{θ_{A}}(θ) of eigenvalues e^{iθ_{j}} of a random unitary matrix, drawn from CUE_{β}(N), in the interval θ_{j}∈[θ_{A},θ]. The deviations from its mean, N_{θ_{A}}(θ)-E[N_{θ_{A}}(θ)], form a random process as function of θ. We study the maximum of this process, by exploiting the mapping onto the statistical mechanics of log-correlated random landscapes. By using an extended Fisher-Hartwig conjecture supplemented with the freezing duality conjecture for log-correlated fields, we obtain the cumulants of the distribution of that maximum for any β>0. It exhibits combined features of standard counting statistics of fermions (free for β=2 and with Sutherland-type interaction for β≠2) in an interval and extremal statistics of the fractional Brownian motion with Hurst index H=0. The β=2 results are expected to apply to the statistics of zeroes of the Riemann Zeta function.

Cluster Structures and Subfans in Scattering Diagrams

We give more precise statements of Fock-Goncharov duality conjecture for cluster varieties parametrizing ${\rm SL}_{2}/{\rm PGL}_{2}$-local systems on the once punctured torus. Then we prove these statements. Along the way, using distinct subfans in the scattering diagram, we produce an example of a cluster variety with two non-equivalent cluster structures. To overcome the technical difficulty of infinite non-cluster wall-crossing in the scattering diagram, we introduce quiver folding into the machinery of scattering diagrams and give a quotient construction of scattering diagrams.

Holographic complexity of Born\u2013Infeld gravity

We investigate the duality conjecture “Complexity=Action” (CA) for Born–Infeld (BI) gravity model and derive the growth rate of its action within the Wheeler–DeWitt (WDW) patch, which is believed to be dual to the growth rate of quantum complexity of holographic boundary state. In order to find the correct on-shell action, we use direct variational procedure to find proper boundary and corner terms. We find out that the late-time behavior of holographic complexity is the well-known two times of energy, as expected.

Strange duality on rational surfaces

We study Le Potier’s strange duality conjecture on a rational surface. We focus on the case involving the moduli space of rank $2$ sheaves with trivial first Chern class and second Chern class $2$, and the moduli space of $1$-dimensional sheaves with determinant $L$ and Euler characteristic $0$. We show the conjecture for this case is true under some suitable conditions on $L$, which applies to $L$ ample on any Hirzebruch surface $\Sigma_e := \mathbb{P} (\mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}^1} \oplus \mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}^1} (e))$ except for $e = 1$. When $e = 1$, our result applies to $L = aG + bF$ with $b \geq a + [a/2]$, where $F$ is the fiber class, $G$ is the section class with $G^2 = -1$ and $[a/2]$ is the integral part of $a/2$.

Donaldson-Thomas transformation of double bruhat cells in semisimple Lie groups

Double Bruhat cells $G^{u,v}$ were studied by Fomin and Zelevinsky. They provide important examples of cluster algebras and cluster Poisson varieties. Cluster varieties produce examples of 3d Calabi-Yau categories with stability conditions, and their Donaldson-Thomas invariants, defined by Kontsevich and Soibelman, are encoded by a formal automorphism on the cluster variety known as the Donaldson-Thomas transformation. Goncharov and Shen conjectured in that for any semisimple Lie group $G$, the Donaldson-Thomas transformation of the cluster Poisson variety $H\backslash G^{u,v}/H$ is a slight modification of Fomin and Zelevinsky's twist map. In this paper we prove this conjecture, using crucially Fock and Goncharov's cluster ensembles and the amalgamation construction. Our result, combined with the work of Gross, Hacking, Keel, and Kontsevich, proves the duality conjecture of Fock and Goncharov in the case of $H\backslash G^{u,v}/H$.