Dualistic Perspective Research Articles

이중적 관점으로 본 밀레니얼 세대의 소비와 거울을 통한 브랜드 커뮤니케이션 연구

밀레니얼 세대의 소비성향을 보는 시각은 크게 두 가지로 볼 수 있다. 자기애 즉, ‘자기지향적’ 성향과 그에 반대되는 ‘타인지향적’ 성향이다. 본 연구는 상반되는 두 성향이 한 세대에게 동일하게 나타나는 것은 무엇 때문이고, 각각의 성향이 대치되는 것이 아닌 서로 유기적인 관계에 있다는 것을 증명하고자 한다. 또한 이 관계를 통해 입체적인 브랜드 커뮤니케이션 전략을 찾는데 본 논문의 목적이 있다. 연구 방법으로는 밀레니얼 세대가 애용하는 ‘거울’이라는 자기애의 상징적 매개체로 두 다른 성향의 연관성을 분석하였다. 샤빈 멜쉬오르 보네(2001)를 통하여 거울의 인문학적 의미 및 보는 행위의 이중적 의미를 찾을 수 있었다. 또한 거울을 보는 행위와 연관된 ‘나르시시즘’에 대한 연구를 하였다. 프로이트 (1914), 코후트(1971) 그리고 그레이 멜킨(2017)을 통하여 나르시시즘에 대해 재고찰 하였다. 앞선 연구를 바탕으로 실제 체험적 브랜드 커뮤니케이션 사례를 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과 거울과 나르시시즘의 이면에는 자기애라는 단편적 인식과 다르게 타인에게 많은 영향을 받는 것을 알 수 있었다. 거울로 자신을 들여다보는 시선은 곧 타인의 시선을 확인하는 것이기 때문이다. 또한 나르시시즘은 스스로의 보호 심리와 같아 타인에게 의지하려는 욕구와 비례한다는 주장이다. 이는 밀레니얼 세대의 이중성과 연결된다. 이를 바탕으로 자신을 위한 ‘체험의 극대화’와 타인으로의 ‘체험의 확장’이라는 브랜드 커뮤니케이션 요소를 도출하였다. 전략 또한 두 상반되는 성향을 비례 관계로 인식하고 지향하여야 함을 유추할 수 있었다.

On the 'Usual' Misunderstandings between Econophysics and Finance: Some Clarifications on Modelling Approaches and Efficient Market Hypothesis

In line with the recent research and debates about econophysics and financial economics, this article discusses on usual misunderstandings between the two disciplines in terms of modelling and basic hypotheses. In the literature devoted to econophysics, the methodology used by financial economists is frequently considered as a top-down approach (starting from a priori “first principles”) while econophysicists rather present themselves as scholars working with a (empirical data prone) bottom-up approach. Although this dualist perspective is very common in the econophysics literature, this paper claims that the distinction is very confusing and does not permit to reveal the essence of the differences between finance and econophysics. The distinction between these two fields is mainly investigated here through the lens of the Efficient Market Hypothesis in order to show that, in substance, econophysics and financial economics tend to have a similar approach implying that the misunderstanding between these two fields at the modelling level can therefore be overstepped.

Understanding the cognitive and motivational underpinnings of sexual passion from a dualistic model.

Sexual passion has always been conceptualized as a one-dimensional phenomenon that emerges from interactions with partners. Drawing from the literature on passionate activities, sexual passion was defined in terms of its intrapersonal motivational and cognitive components and examined from a dualistic perspective. More specifically, in 5 studies, we investigated how 2 types of sexual passion, harmonious and obsessive, can lead to clearly distinct subjective, relational, and cognitive outcomes. Study 1 validated a scale measuring harmonious and obsessive sexual passion, and showed that each type of sexual passion leads to common, but also distinct, subjective consequences during sexual activity engagement for both singles and romantically engaged individuals. Studies 2 and 3 differentiated the constructs of harmonious and obsessive sexual passion from competing constructs existing in the literature and provided evidence for its predictive validity regarding various relational outcomes, including relationship sustainability over time. Finally, Studies 4 and 5 investigated the cognitive consequences of each type of sexual passion by showing how they reflect distinct levels of integration of sexual and relational representations, and how they can lead to biased processing of sexual information (Study 4) and conflict with ongoing sex-unrelated goals (Studies 5a and 5b). Overall, the present series of studies provides a new look at sexual passion from a motivational and cognitive intrapersonal perspective that is not restricted to interpersonal ramifications with partners. (PsycINFO Database Record

Balancing Automatic-Controlled Behaviors and Emotional-Salience States: A Dynamic Executive Functioning Hypothesis.

Recently, there has been growing interest in understanding how executive functions are conceptualized in psychopathology. Since several models have been proposed, the major issue lies within the definition of executive functioning itself. Theoretical discussions have emerged, narrowing the boundaries between “hot” and “cold” executive functions or between self-regulation and cognitive control. Nevertheless, the definition of executive functions is far from a consensual proposition and it has been suggested that these models might be outdated. Current efforts indicate that human behavior and cognition are by-products of many brain systems operating and interacting at different levels, and therefore, it is very simplistic to assume a dualistic perspective of information processing. Based upon an adaptive perspective, we discuss how executive functions could emerge from the ability to solve immediate problems and to generalize successful strategies, as well as from the ability to synthesize and to classify environmental information in order to predict context and future. We present an executive functioning perspective that emerges from the dynamic balance between automatic-controlled behaviors and an emotional-salience state. According to our perspective, the adaptive role of executive functioning is to automatize efficient solutions simultaneously with cognitive demand, enabling individuals to engage such processes with increasingly complex problems. Understanding executive functioning as a mediator of stress and cognitive engagement not only fosters discussions concerning individual differences, but also offers an important paradigm to understand executive functioning as a continuum process rather than a categorical and multicomponent structure.

Reciprocity as a Foundational Concept in Teaching Philanthropic and Nonprofit Studies

Reciprocity is a potentially transformational social relation based on acting “with” and not “for” others, decreasing traditionally hierarchical roles and replacing power with shared responsibility. In this essay, I consider three ways reciprocity informs my teaching and has the potential to shape nonprofit and philanthropic education: it negates the dualistic perspective of student/teacher, it provides the context in which to build a classroom community, and it ensures a self-reflexive pedagogical practice. I also consider how reciprocity is embedded in the philanthropic impulse, highlighting the nature of teaching as a human endeavor designed to improve the public good.

THE EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE ON KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT: EMOTION AND REASON FROM ARISTOTELE TO DAMASIO

The analysis of the reason-emotion dynamics intersects several disciplinary fields, such as psychology, medicine, informatics, linguistics, neuroscience, with a specific relevance for Education Sciences, as it offers interesting perspectives over its influence on the learning process. Such issues are rooted in philosophical reflections by Plato, Aristotle and later by Descartes, Vico and Kant. These dualistic perspectives will be definitively abandoned in favour of a globalist vision of the mind-body relationship, during the first half of the XX century, particularly thanks to Dewey (1933) who, inspired by Darwin’s theories, was the first to support this unity by recognizing an intersection among physical, mental and environmental processes. Over the last decades, an imperatively anti-dualistic analysis has been developing in the field of neurosciences and cognitive linguistics: on the one hand, cognitivism, considering the mind in its function of symbolic manipulation; on the other hand, connectionism, studying neural networks. Furthermore, recent scientific research has allowed mapping in a detailed - albeit admittedly incomplete manner - the complex activity of the brain and highlighting analogies between elementary connections and complex interactions. The systemic perspective is hence considering “mind and body”, “reason and emotion” as two interconnected and essential aspects of human complexity. In this regard, Damasio’s research shows how participation of the organism to conscious experience returns to the consciousness itself those biological requirements which are essential to legitimate it as an object of scientific study. Knowledge is generated by socio-experiential relationships that play a crucial role within knowledge representation. The mind takes therefore an active role in shaping the representation of the world: understanding does not just consist in a mere reproduction of the external world in our mind; instead, it is a continuous process of creative reconstruction of our perceptive dynamics. Emotion, creativity and rationality are essential elements of the human being, which activate and develop due to personal inclination as well as socio-cultural aspects. Both genetic and social components are decisive in cognitive dynamics, as they represent innate potentials that need to be recognized, understood and exploited. Key words: emotion and reason, knowledge, learning, neuroscientific perspective.

Do we understand pain from a biopsychosocial perspective? A review and discussion of the usefulness of some pain terms.

Pain is a biopsychosocial phenomenon and should be assessed and managed from this perspective. However, the dualistic mind-body perspective is still present and affects the way this health situation is addressed. Following this approach, pain can either be attributed to an identifiable cause or considered as 'psychological' pain, for which there is neither an identifiable cause nor adequate treatment. Faced with this situation, first, we introduce some concepts that have been used (and are still frequently being used) to refer to pain with no identifiable cause. Next, we question the usefulness of these 'dualistic terms' and, finally, defend the biopsychosocial perspective to advance in the conceptualization of pain and avoid using terms that can foster a dualistic perspective.

The strength of collusion: A conceptual framework for interpreting hybrid social orders

By moving away from dualistic perspectives that see social order as the product of strong states but not weak states, this article develops a conceptual framework for interpreting hybrid social orders, i.e. those established by both legal and extra-legal actors. The initial premise is that hybrid forms of social domination resulting from the interaction between legal and extra-legal actors, and regulated by a combination of rational bureaucratic and neo-patrimonial rules, produce relevant economic and political outcomes such as job creation, the supply of basic services and the production of authority. Especially in contexts of continuous economic crisis, ethnic segregation, social marginalization and persistent inequality, these outcomes have ordering effects both in terms of reducing uncertainty and regulating social expectations. Furthermore, in such social contexts, socially tolerated illegal markets play a decisive role. Supported by recent and innovative research, this article concludes with hypotheses intended to promote further research.

Ecological wisdom as an emerging field of scholarly inquiry in urban planning and design

In an increasingly urbanizing world, mitigating the consequences of a concentrated humanity becomes all the more urgent. Urban planners and designers have developed criteria for site selection, have tempered the pace and moderated the type of development, and have guided the arrangement of human activities in order to improve the quality of human settlement. However, these efforts have not always proved adequate, and many similar urbanization problems have been persistently reoccurring. Why do the short term needs or desires of humans often trump the need for minimal ecological damage? We argue that a prevailing dualistic perspective of humans and environment as separate from each other leads to a lack of appreciation for environmental integrity. To address this problem, we turn to ecological wisdom, which calls for recognition of and respect for the complexity of the environment, for actionable solutions. In this paper, we define ecological wisdom as a means of knowing, understanding, and applying ecological information in order to guide urban planning and design professionals. Based on ecological wisdom, urban planners and designers combine willingness and ability to include knowledge from different fields – such as ecology, sociology, and economics – to engage stakeholders in setting long term, beneficial goals. To better achieve this, more scholarly research on the application of ecological wisdom in defining place appreciation is needed, thus averting urban problems by reminding people that the well-being of a place is reflected in the overall quality of life illuminated as human experience.

On the “usual” misunderstandings between econophysics and finance: Some clarifications on modelling approaches and efficient market hypothesis

In line with the recent research and debates about econophysics and financial economics, this article discusses on usual misunderstandings between the two disciplines in terms of modelling and basic hypotheses. In the literature devoted to econophysics, the methodology used by financial economists is frequently considered as a top-down approach (starting from a priori “first principles”) while econophysicists rather present themselves as scholars working with a (empirical data prone) bottom-up approach. Although this dualist perspective is very common in the econophysics literature, this paper claims that the distinction is very confusing and does not permit to reveal the essence of the differences between finance and econophysics. The distinction between these two fields is mainly investigated here through the lens of the Efficient Market Hypothesis in order to show that, in substance, econophysics and financial economics tend to have a similar approach implying that the misunderstanding between these two fields at the modelling level can therefore be overstepped.

“I’m not the same person since I met you”: The role of romantic passion in how people change when they get involved in a romantic relationship

Using the dualistic perspective on romantic passion (Ratelle et al. in Motiv Emot 37:106–120, 2013; Vallerand et al. in J Pers Soc Psychol 85:756–767, 2003), the present research examined the role of harmonious and obsessive romantic passion in the prediction of personal changes in people’s lives associated with romantic relationships. Young adults recruited through universities (Studies 1 and 2) and social networking sites (Studies 2 and 3) composed the samples of the three studies. Results of Study 1 revealed that harmonious and obsessive passion both positively predicted perceptions of personal growth while they respectively negatively and positively predicted disengagement from important activities and other social relationships for the sake of the romantic relationship. These associations were either fully replicated (for harmonious passion) or partially replicated (for obsessive passion) when examined using a six-month longitudinal design (Study 2) and when the two outcomes (i.e., personal growth and social disengagement) were reported by an informant (Study 3). Overall, the results suggest that the nature and extent of changes in people’s lives as they become romantically involved may be predicted by the quality of their romantic passion.

A Revisited Perspective on the Deconstructive Process in Organizations

The main purpose of this paper is to advance a revisited theoretical version on the business organizational reality. The new organizational scientists ceased to present the organizational business reality as a given one opting in favor of a constructivist perspective. Management and leadership key theorists like Michael Porter, Henry Mintzberg, Steve Jobs, Richard Bronson, Charles Handy, Peter Drucker, have gone beyond the mere representational knowledge of business environment, considering that business reality is being continually constructed and reconstructed. As pioneers in the science of strategic management and as well as innovators, they are followed by a vast array of organisations’ leaders all over the world, all of them being interested in the methods of optimizing business reality as planning, strategic methods and techniques etc. Planning, among such procedures, is meant to re-creating the business environment in the benefit of the organisation. We shall attempt not only to make an inventory of the new topic but also to rethink some of the classical concept like those of planning and strategy related to our own field of interest: the dualist perspective on the business organizational growth. Our own approach might be integrated therefore in what we are allowed to announce as being a dualist perspective. The organizational reality of business appears to be a strategized reality so that the planning act is the main dimension of the reconstructed business reality. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n2s2p27

The semantics of constitutional sovereignty in post-sovereign "new" Europe: A case study of the Czech Constitutional Court's jurisprudence

The article discusses recent constitutional developments and conflicts in the Czech Republic. These are used as an example of the semantic persistence of sovereignty and the new jurisprudence emerging in the post-sovereign constellation of the European Union. After a brief introduction to the problem of sovereignty in the EU and its member states, constitutional conflicts in the Czech Republic at the time of the ratification of the Lisbon Treaty are analysed to show different conceptualizations of sovereignty by different constitutional bodies. In this struggle, the Czech Constitutional Court eventually formulated the concept of sovereignty as part of political and legal globalization. The Court considers sovereignty as an instrument for achieving the post-national rule of law and constitutional accountability beyond the classical notions of international politics and state organization. This approach is profoundly different, for instance, from the German Federal Constitutional Court’s more traditional dualistic perspective of national and European law. It also has not been affected by the Czech Constitutional Court’s recent conflict with the Court of Justice of the EU in the Landtova case. The article, therefore, concludes by stating that the Court’s doctrine of sovereignty significantly contributes to the Court’s tradition of fundamental value judgments and interventions.

Dualism in Mani and Manichaeism

The term ‘Manichaean’ has come to be regarded as synonymous with a radical dualistic perspective, and is now utilised in all sorts of contexts such as literature and politics. Gardner examines what can be known of the actual teachings of the third‑century sage and self‑declared ‘Apostle of Jesus Christ’ known as Mani or Manichaios. His extant writings are surveyed in order to determine what he says about the nature of God and the origin of matter and evil. Particular attention is given to the terminology and symbolism applied to the idea of two eternal and opposite principles, the kingdoms of light and darkness. Gardner considers possible origins for Mani’s teachings in the Judaeo‑Christian, Gnostic and Iranian traditions ; together with the question of further developments within the community after its founder’s death.

Reimagining the Romantic Imagination: Embodied, Proto-Cognitive Psychologies in Joanna Baillie'sIntroductory DiscourseandOrra

In the Biographia Literaria, Coleridge describes the primary imagination as a divinely inspired, supreme faculty of the mind – “a repetition in the finite of the eternal act of creation of the infinite I AM.” This spiritually understood, disembodied, deistic interpretation of the brain's creative center has come to signify the Romantic dualist perspective of the imagination; however, contemporary research in the fields of Romanticism and Cultural Cognitive Studies suggests that there may be a considerable amount to learn from reconsidering Romantic era notions of an embodied psychology. In that spirit, this essay will seek a new paradigm for an embodied, Romantic imagination, considering it from the perspective of the Scottish playwright, poetess, and theorist, Joanna Baillie. Through careful analysis of the Introductory Discourse, her preface to the inaugural Series of Plays on the Passions (originally published in 1798), and Orra, her tragedy on the singular passion of fear, as well as through the use of cognitive literary theory, I will demonstrate how Joanna Baillie proto-cognitively envisions the imagination as a significant means through which the embodied mind relates to and understands the world.

중년기 기혼남녀의 100세 사회 가족생활 전망과 가족정책에의 함의점

This study attempted to explore how middle aged married men and women prospected a Centenarian society and what implications their prospect cast for family policy. We conducted focus group interviews with five groups in order to identify their subjective prospects on marital relations, parent-child relations, caregiving from family or institutions, and alternative living arrangement. From those interviews, we found that married men and women in their 40s, 50s, and 60s possessed ambivalent attitudes toward their marital relationship, either acknowledging an importance of marital relationship or accepting long-standing disrespectful marital relationship. They also had a dualistic perspective on parent-child relationship, accepting parental responsibility for children and even grand-children but maintaining low expectations for children. What they needed was age appropriate opportunities for work or leisure and better community services and facilities. These results showed that the middle-aged was concerned experiencing unprecedented family situations. They needed family life education and services in order to adapt to the Centenarian society. Since family policy has viewed this age group out of service target, programs and services have been underdeveloped for this group. Expecting a Centenarian society however, we need to expand the boundary of family policy and take a new perspective. We need to develop and implement marital education programs, community-based self-care services, and age-appropriated opportunities for work, leisure, and social relations.

The Role of Family Background in the Heterogeneity of Self-Employment in Some Transition Countries

Aim of this paper is to shed light on how some determinants, especially in the spheres of family background, differently affect the heterogeneous category of self-employment across four transition countries of Central and Eastern Europe (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovak Republic), where more or less restrictive policies towards start-ups have been implemented during the pre-1989 years, different liberalization processes have gradually been carried out and distinct policy interventions to support self-employment have been adopted in the post-1989 period. At this end, three-stage structural multinomial logit models as discrete choice models are estimated on 2005 EU-SILC data, which also allows to account for generational changes over time. Country-specific profiles of self-employment are drawn and, even though the self-employment is often devised in a dualist perspective, which stresses its marginal nature as refuge from poverty rather than a way to accumulate capital, significant differentiations within the ranks of self-employed also exist.

International Law versus Municipal Law: A Case Study of Six African Countries; Three of Which are Monist and Three of Which are Dualist

The relationship between international law and municipal law has traditionally been characterized from a monist or dualist perspective. While this characterization remains contested, the approach a country adopts has a great significance for the effectiveness and application of international law within the domestic legal system. This paper discusses the relationship between international law and municipal law with illustrations from six African countries; three of which are monists and three of which are dualists. In so doing, attempt has been made to support each position with relevant judicial authorities from the countries examined. Lastly, the paper suggests that the increasing use and relevance of international law in national legal systems in Africa reveal a great deal about how open African countries are becoming to the influence of international law.

Should Business and Non-Business Accounting be Different? A Comparative Perspective Applied to the French Central Government Accounting Standards

The French General Law of Finances of 2001 introduced a set of accounting standards including an explicit conceptual framework reconciling accrual basis accounting with the specific aspects of accounting for central government activities. This article analyzes this French set of accounting standards from a dualistic perspective that compares both business and non-business accounting. Three different views of accounting for business enterprises are addressed: the wealth-basis (static), the cash-basis, and the accrual-basis (dynamic). A dynamic view of the accrual basis is adapted to the specificities of non-business entities, including governments. The accounting representation is used here to explore further the nature and role of public sector activities within the economic system and their economic and monetary significance.

A review of philosophical assumptions in management research

Epistemology, a branch of philosophy, examines and contributes as a theory of knowledge by considering the nature and definition of knowledge as being truth within certain limitations while ontology defines the nature of being, entities that can exist and their categories in groups, hierarchies, or divisions. The main aim of this paper is to embrace on the pre-understanding of epistemology and ontology, regardless of their schools of thought as it will provide them the proper guidance and a philosophical dualist perspective. Four domains of epistemic assumptions have been identified but one is incoherent due to the mismatch between epistemology and ontology. Though each epistemic assumption has its own interpretation in management research, there is no particular domain that can be considered right or wrong, perfect or imperfect. A proper and effective research design is the major concern in management research, where the researcher’s epistemic and methodological self-directed actions or reflexivity may put an essence in it. Key words: Philosophy, epistemology, ontology, reflexivity, management research.