Dualistic Approach Research Articles

Normativity without dualism: connecting the dots between natural and social sciences

The normative phenomenon is ubiquitous in human interactions, emerging in a wide range of fields studied by social science and considered as one of the essential traits of human’s way of life. The modern subjectivist tradition of social science has been based on a model in which elements like self, freedom and reason play the most relevant roles in explaining normativity by connecting beliefs to behaviors by means of motives that are non-reducible to preferences, desires or impulses. In this paper I will discuss normativity in general in order to turn into normativity as it is conceived in social science and then with a focus on normativity based on reasons. I will argue in favor of a naturalistic approach to normativity by means of a defense of a concept of will, which can provide a bridge between social and natural science, rather than giving further reason to sustain a dualistic approach to them. Moreover, I will claim that mental qualities usually alleged to be essential for assigning personality, agency, and moral responsibility, such as rationality, self-consciousness, and freedom, are neither sufficient nor necessary for a naturalistic characterization of moral agents, or for explaining normativity in human evaluative practices.

Chinese Leadership in the Evolution of “Hub” and “Parallel” Globally Oriented Institutions

This paper examines the trajectory of Chinese leadership in globally oriented organizations of a self-selective informal nature. In doing so, it shifts attention away from the role of China in established formal institutions, above all the United Nations. The focus instead is on the increasingly robust activity centered post the 2008 global financial crisis on the “hub” forum the G20 and an array of “parallel” non-western institutions including the BRICS and the Belt and Road Initiative. The key theme of this paper is that China has adopted a dualistic strategy that allows it act as both a key insider and outsider in the global system. From an international perspective, such an approach allows China to gain status as a rising power while not compromising its sense of solidarity with the rest of the non-west. Domestically, the approach builds on lessons gained from the earlier debate about entry into the World Trade Organization which marked a sharp divide between liberals and nationalists. A dualistic approach that allowed China to be a core member of the hub G20 and a driver of autonomous initiatives defused the possibility of such a contentious internal debate.

Relevanz, Wandel und Anforderungen wissenschaftlicher Politikberatung in der Raumplanung

Evidenced-based planning is a salient issue and evokes questions about the role of expertise and scientific policy advice in spatial planning. This paper considers recent trends in the debate on scientific policy advice – crises of expertise, privatization/democratization of expertise, blurring of boundaries bet ween science and policy – and reflects upon these trends against the background of the particular situation of scientific policy advice in spatial planning in Germany. Many insights from the wider debate on policy advice also hold true for spatial planning. However, spatial planning, at least in Germany, reveals some particularities. The scientific foundation of spatial planning is interdisciplinary and the gap between science and practice is probably less visible compared to other scientific disciplines. This makes dualistic approaches (science–policy boundaries) questionable. At the same time, recent trends towards Gesellschaftsberatung (advice for society), transformative science and transdisciplinarity are attractive directions in spatial planning.English title: Relevance, Change and Demands in Scientific Policy Advice in Spatial Planning

The domestic application of international human rights conventions in Saudi Arabia and the need to ratify conventions on migrant workers

ABSTRACTThis article examines the application of international human rights conventions in Saudi legislation where Sharia is the main source of law. Saudi laws often adopt the dualistic approach and its international human rights obligations must be in agreement with the Sharia. This paper further intends to explore the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's (KSA) position on reservations and ratifications of international human rights conventions generally and in the context of migrant workers’ rights particularly. Since the KSA has not ratified any convention related to migrant worker protection, it is essential to examine the role of national human rights organisations in implementing and promoting human rights in the KSA and the article explores the significant efforts made by these organisations to implement and protect the rights of migrant workers in the country. It argues that the KSA has ratified a number of human rights conventions such as the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination; however, it has failed to comply with its provisions. It is suggested that non-discrimination provisions of some of these conventions may be used to advance migrants’ rights in the country.

The Influence of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in Africa

Half a century ago, the United Nations General Assembly unanimously adopted two great covenants, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), which brought force of law to the rights declared in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Both covenants have been widely ratified by the vast majority of African States. However, a largely neglected area of study has been assessing the influence of the ICESCR in various parts of the world including Africa. This article assesses the influence of the ICESCR in Africa. It seeks to show how the ICESCR, as interpreted by the United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR) has, through the 50 years since its adoption, had influence on the regional and domestic protection of economic, social and cultural rights (ESC rights) in Africa. The article begins by considering the influence of the Covenant on the regional protection of human rights in Africa. This is followed by an analysis of the influence of the Covenant on the protection of ESC rights in domestic legal systems in Africa focusing primarily on the constitutional protection of ESC rights. It then considers the limited influence of the Covenant on national courts’ jurisprudence in African States applying dualist and monist approaches to international treaties. It ends by making recommendations to maximize the influence of the ICESCR in the future.

Der Einfluss und die Stellung des Völkerrechts in den Verfassungssystemen einiger ost- und Mitteleuropäerfassungssystemen Einiger Ost- und Mitteleuropäischer Transformationsstaaten

Der Einfluss und die Stellung des Völkerrechts in den Verfassungssystemen einiger ost- und Mitteleuropäerfassungssystemen Einiger Ost- und Mitteleuropäischer Transformationsstaaten

Analysis of interrelations between the criteria of optimal control over the process of drilling the wells

We analyzed one of the promising directions of optimal control over the process of wells – the realization of automated control in real time by the criterion specific energy A comprehensive assessment was conducted of the relations between the two optimality criteria of the process – the minimum cost per meter of and specific energy consumption. We used the Farrar-Glauber method for the analysis This is predetermined by the fact that the models that are employed for computing the cost per meter of include the duration of with one bit and footage per bit. However, they can be defined only upon completion of the bit run, which lasts for several tens of hours. This prevents applying the criterion cost per meter of drilling to solve the problems of control in real time. In contrast to that criterion, specific energy can be controlled continuously in the course of a well. With the help of the Farrar-Glauber method, we established that there is complete multicollinearity between the criteria cost per meter of drilling and specific energy consumption at the change of axial force on the bit and the frequency of its rotation. The degree of completeness in the multicollinearity among the examined criteria is found: – at the change in axial force to a bit F: det t=0,305; (16.003>3.8); F>Ftable (31.808>4.60); t12>ttable (5.639>2.145). – at the change in rotation frequency ω: det t=0,114; (30.011>3.8); F>Ftable (94.913>4.49); t12>ttable (9.742>1.746). At the change in the of a washing fluid, under conditions of the experiment, the multicollinearity between the investigated criteria of optimal control is missing: Q: det t=0.84; (2.35 Ftable (2.662 ttable (1.631<2.145). The obtained results are important and useful for the application of a dualistic approach to solving the problem of optimal control over the process of in real time and the formation of optimality criterion based on the principles of energy-informational approach. This makes it possible to directly process information on the specific energy and to provide intelligent support for the decision-making processes when a master defines optimal mode parameters.

The Incorporation of Public International Law into Municipal Law and Regional Law against the Background of the Dichotomy between Monism and Dualism

Monism and dualism represent two different approaches towards the relationship between public international law and municipal law. While the former views public international law and municipal law as a single legal system, the latter regards these two areas of law as separate and distinct legal systems that exist alongside each other. However, not all legal systems are clearly either monist or dualist. The dichotomy between monism and dualism no longer only concerns the relationship between public international law and municipal law, but also increasingly affects the relationship between public international law and regional law. This contribution discusses the application of the monist and dualist approaches by the South African Constitutional Court in the Glenister case and the European Court of Justice in the Kadi and Hungary cases in order to illustrate the practical application of the dichotomy between monism and dualism in a municipal system and on a regional level.&#x0D;

Client versus patient – The clinical. Economical, moral, legal and other implications of a choice

The presentation discusses the overt and hidden meaning of the terms between “patient” or “client” regarding persons undergoing psychotherapy and implications of using these terms. Some historical and recent opinions and points of view are presented. As the outcome of the discussion, it is concluded that to weigh pros and cons and to decide on which name would be more appropriate, one must resort to taking into consideration the definitions of therapy, suffering, and healing. It is suggested that the criterium should be the level and nature of suffering experienced by the “taker” and the level and nature of care performed by the “giver” (provider). The relations between both parties are also discussed in terms of existential phenomenology–as opposed to dualistic approach – and holism versus atomism. It is the intention of the author to deliver some practical and not only theoretical contribution to clinical practice.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

A Dualistic Approach of Qualityy in Determining the Productivityy of Education in Pursuit of Knowledge

It is a well-known proverb in Sanskrit — Jatha Bapati,Tatha Falati; translating it results in 'As you sow, so you reap.' Hence, there is a direct ratio on the material to be sowed that is the 'seed' and result for 'reap' would be 'harvest'. The theme content of the seminar relating to quality and productivity thus relates to the simple logic of quality seeds will give quality harvest, when keeping other factors constant, such as soil, water, weather, etc. But, this logic in my study does not hold true with the theme proverb. This is because 'quality' is not a quantifier having an ultimate proximity, and 'productivity' has different connotation and different meanings varying from person to person, because productivity of mind is not measured on a 6-sigma scale with quantifier of poor, below average,... excellent. Human mind is ever evolving and ever changing within our control and without our control. As the pragmatist say 'nothing is ultimate, man changes values with time and circumstances', hence, there’s no doctrine of absolute quality in ratio with absolute productivity. Quoting John Dewey, a pragmatist of twentieth century who after Second World War philosophized that, Education is investment and investment demand returns primarily, indicated productivity in learning in terms of earning. For him, the time and money invested in obtaining education should yield dollars in employment. This outlook of Dewey and his forerunners opened new vistas of imparting education relating to economic thrive rather than idealism. In this threshold, many B-schools then and now, are confusing money building, character building and nation building under one umbrella, although all three should be complimenting each other equally, but the fact remains, more priority is given on economic turnover. It is in this paradox, the term 'quality education' is seeded by the philosophers, educators and facilitators as a face saver. Studies on institutions where in the urge of ensuing quality education, managements have opted for standardized Organization like factories, hospitals, under ISO-9002 service sector. The researcher was directly involved in one-such certification for schools and now is a part of the UGC body making accreditation, a compulsory element in colleges or universities. The prime question is the nature of quality and subsequently nature of productivity. It is an universal problem, not restricting to ones country but is a global epidemic where institutions are advertising on maintaining international standard in terms of quality but the output portrays that students churned out from those Institutes are creating massacre to humanity. Going back to Dewey, did the parents invest their money? the teachers and students invest their time to develop killer instincts and jeopardize the lives of many? Time has come to define the term quality and productivity in the light of nobility and the findings of my study will help identify some of the burning issues through case-studies on institutions.

Moral Rights: International Framework and Indian Approach

In the wake of increasing globalization and technical advancements in the digital field, the dissemination of creative work has become easier than ever. However, this development has come with its own set of challenges, particularly for Intellectual Property Law, as most of online transfer of information is unregulated. Digitalization has lead to the imminent need for standardized and stringent protection of an author‟s work. While this protection is mainly conceived as commercial right of the author on his work, there is another fundamental element to it, which is equally important and cannot be neglected, i.e., moral rights. These rights include right of attribution and integrity and are so inextricably related, that they stay with the author, even after transfer of economic rights on the work. In order to ensure effective globalized protection, there is a requirement for minimum standards of protection in all domestic laws, as was provided in the TRIPS agreement. This paper analyzes the Moral Rights regime as envisaged by the TRIPS agreement, and the monoist and dualist approaches that have been adopted by different countries. It also analyzes the evolution of moral rights in India.

Premenstrual Syndrome: Symptomatic and Diagnosed Prevalence, Dualistic Treatment Approach - A Cross-Sectional Study in Ukraine.

Background:Diagnosing and treatment of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) still pose a challenge in the routine medical practice which usually focuses on single pharmacological therapy. Recent research suggests that the combination of treatments including complementary alternative medicine (CAM) therapies may be more beneficial. The objective of this study was to assess the percentage of diagnosed and nondiagnosed PMS/premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) based on the presence of adequate symptoms and to compare population using hormonal or pharmaceutical agents versus CAM therapies.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study targeting sample population of 160 females of potentially reproductive age done in Ukraine between May 2014 and April 2015.Results:According to declared symptoms, 29% females versus 26% previously diagnosed by a medical professional qualify for “moderate/severe PMS,” P > 0.05. In 30% persons using pharmacological agents, major side effects, namely, nausea, insomnia, headache was caused by painkillers, contraceptives, and antidepressants. Only 37.5% of study population has been using CAM therapy methods to deal with the symptoms of PMS. Of these, 22% have achieved moderate degree in relief of the symptoms long term.Conclusions:We have concluded that when dealing with the burden of PMS/PMDD, the affected treatment-seeking women should have choice and access to the variety of therapies within integrative medicine (both conventional and nonconventional).

TYPES OF BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL TYPES, PATERNS OF BEHAVIOR AND PERSONALITY IN PSYCHOSOMATIC APPROACH

Psychosomatic approach is based on the assumption that the psyche and the body work together, influencing each other. Behind this position is deeper assumption, that in fact the psyche and the body are one unit (holistic approach). Psychosomatics therefore definitely breaks with the position of the dualistic approach, according to which the mind and body are separate, independent entities. In psychosomatic illness dysfunctions of the mind influence the body and determine the formation of somatic symptoms, which in turn have a negative impact on the psyche. The author introduces the concept of biopsychosocial types as a construct comprising a patterns of cognitive, motivational emotional, and behavioral fuctions, personality and psychophysiological pattern. In this article, the author presents the first three basic types of biopsychosocial, or “A”, “C” and “D”. The author then discusses the type of biopsychosocial defined as “P” (positive), the patterns of cognitive, motivational emotional, and behavioral functions, personality and psychophysiology, which are particularly advantageous from the point of view of health (in particular the prevention of psychosomatic diseases).

Alone, Unhappy, and Demotivated

This study explored how a mind-set associated with being alone affects self-regulation among individuals varying in neuroticism. Neuroticism is associated with a dualistic approach to the social world—evaluation apprehension alongside need for approval. Consequently, in public contexts, neuroticism leads individuals to experience low pleasantness alongside high motivation. The impact of neuroticism on behavior alone is rarely studied. However, the absence of a social motivator (i.e., potential for approval) should bring neuroticism to be associated with low pleasantness alongside low motivation. Three studies supported these predictions using an alone/public social context mind-set manipulation. Higher neuroticism was associated with lower declared willingness to exert effort (Study 1) and with lower actual effort expenditure (Studies 2a, 2b) in an alone mind-set than in a public mind-set. Additionally, across conditions, neuroticism was associated with low pleasantness. Thus, neuroticism reduces individuals’ willpower in the context of merely thinking about being alone.

Jung and non-duality: some clinical and theoretical implications of the self as totality of the psyche

ABSTRACTSome of Jung's writing reveals a non-dual sensibility, especially when he describes the Self as the totality of the psyche, and in his stress on theunus mundusand synchronicity. But overall he tends to favor a dualistic approach to the psyche; he never relinquishes the importance of the ego, he believes that the Self needs the ego to become conscious of itself, and he does not focus on pure consciousness beyond its images. This paper compares Jung's notion of the Self with descriptions of consciousness in various non-dual religious traditions. We suggest that because the Self is the ultimate subject, it can never be an object of consciousness. We suggest some of the implications of non-dual philosophy for psychotherapy.

Zum substanzdualistischen Missverständnis der leibnizschen hypothèse des accords

Abstract. For his hypothèse des accords Leibniz chose the catchy title harmonie pré-établie, which unfortunately to this day is often mistaken as a dualistic approach to the problem of preserving the coherence of the physical world without having to compromise humankind’s mentality. I shall show that the dualistic comprehension of Leibniz’s hypothesis is misleading and that this is largely due to the neglect of both the reception at his time and his characteristic didactic-dialectic way of reasoning.

Concept of God According to Moses Ben Maimon (1138-1204)

This study aims to expound Maimonides’ discourse on the concept of God. Maimonides strongly emphasized a monotheistic belief of God through his logical arguments which was explicated extensively in his magnum opus The Guide of the Perplexed. Maimonides attempted to demonstrate that philosophy is readily imbued within the law. Hence, this paper will discuss Maimonides’ arguments on God’s existence, unity and incorporeality. In His existence, Maimonides advocated a dualistic approach to necessary existence as he affirmed that the universe was created however he suggested that it was created from eternal matter. In explaining His unity, Maimonides absolutely refuted subscribing attributes to God’s Essence. As for His incorporeality, anthropomorphistic verses must be understood in an equivocal form that demonstrates His incorporeality. In sum, Maimonides’ argument on the concept of God clearly resembles the philosophical work of the Aristotelian which affirmed God as the Intellect, Intelligen and Intelligible.

Beyond peace journalism

This article presents a general framework for deconstructing and classifying conflict news narratives. This framework, based on a nuanced and contextual approach to analyzing media representations of conflict actors and events, addresses some of the weaknesses of existing classification schemes, focusing in particular on the dualistic approach of the peace journalism model. Using quantitative content analysis, the proposed framework is then applied to the journalistic coverage in the Israeli media of three Middle-Eastern conflicts: the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, the conflict surrounding Iran's nuclear program, and the Syrian civil war. The coverage is examined in three leading news outlets – Haaretz, Israel Hayom, and Ynet – over a six-month period. Based on hierarchical cluster analysis, the article identifies four characteristic types of narratives in the examined coverage. These include two journalistic narratives of violence: one inward-looking, ethnocentric narrative, and one outward-looking narrative focusing on outgroup actors and victims; and two political-diplomatic narratives: one interactional, and one outward-looking. In addition to highlighting different constellations of points of view and conflict measures in news stories, the identified clusters also challenge several assumptions underlying existing models, such as the postulated alignment between elite/official actors and violence frames

Основные этапы формирования и развития классической концепции качества жизни населения

The content of this article is devoted to theoretical aspects of the study of the problems of welfare, the life quality and&#x0D; lifestyle of the population, which the author calls with one simple notion – the quality of life. The article contains&#x0D; certain elements of scientific novelty. In particular, the author establishes the main components of quality of life:&#x0D; economic, ecological, sociological and psychological. The article proves that all the components interact in the&#x0D; complex; none of them is prevail against other and cannot replace others. The article also clarified the structure of the&#x0D; category “quality of life”, which, on the one hand, indicates the ability to satisfy human needs, including the needs of&#x0D; society; on the other hand, shows the degree of satisfaction of the person’s own life. Such a dualistic approach to the&#x0D; concept of quality of life is, in the author’s opinion, the basis for the formation of the concept of quality of life based on&#x0D; objective and subjective assessments. This concept in the framework of the research has been classical, because, in&#x0D; fact, was formed because of century evolution of different theories and scientific approaches to problems of quality of&#x0D; life. The author characterizes the four historical phases, which formed four distinct approaches to understanding the&#x0D; level and quality of life. The author further discussed the material, quantitative and integrated approaches, as these&#x0D; approaches formed in scientific and theoretical terms and as independent academic schools. The article is a logical&#x0D; continuation of the research of the author on issues related to the quality of life of the population.

Well-Being and Wellness in the Twenty-First Century: A Theanthropocosmic Approach.

In this paper, clarification and definition of the concept well-being of human beings are reflected upon from a faith perspective. The author will define well-being and wellness within the following conceptual definitions: firstly, well-being and wellness will be defined in term of African-Christian approach (the interconnectedness of God-human-and-world approach). Secondly, the author will focus on differentiation of well-being and wellness in a human being. Thirdly, the focal point will be on the mixing of holistic, dualist and triadic approaches to define well-being.