Dual Track Research Articles

The sector-vortex phased array: acoustic field synthesis for hyperthermia

A sector-vortex phased array capable of generating directly annular-shape foci is analyzed. By driving the sectors of the array with signals whose phase rotates M times around the circular track, annular foci with the same acoustic-signal-phase rotation are produced in the geometrical focal plane of the array. Because of this phase modulation around the focal annuli and the resulting high-spatial-frequency content, the produced acoustic fields are free from secondary foci both behind and in front of the focal plane. The diameter of the focal annuli can be increased by increasing the mode number M. By providing the array with multiple tracks, it is possible to get larger focal annuli than with a single track with the same mode number M. It is also possible to achieve some control of the power deposition patterns in the depth direction in this way. Using a dual track sector-vortex array with practical ranges of the aperture size and number of elements, acoustic power deposition patterns capable of heating the peripheral and central regions of a nonsuperficial tumor a few centimeters in diameter are obtained by computer simulation.

Histoire d'une négociation

History of a Négociation, by Jérôme Paolini Front the first deployments of soviet SS-20's in 1975-1976 and the NATO dual track decision of 1979 to the signature of the Washington Treaty on december 8, 1987, an entire chapter of post-war European security has unfolded in this « euromissile decade ». The article presents a detailed analysis of five intense years of Soviet-American négociations on intermediate nuclear forces as well as the political context and military stakes that played a leading rôle in their final outcome. The historical retrospect suggests an irresistable convergence of various factors, sometimes mastered, often uncontroled, that would ultimately lead to the complete elimination of INF.

A 16MB 3.5 inch Ba-Ferrite flexible disk drive with dual track following servo modes

A large capacity high-speed-access 3.5 inch flexible disk drive has been achieved, using a barium ferrite 3.5 inch flexible disk and newly developed sector servo technology. The flexible disk drive has a 16 megabyte unformatted capacity, a 50 millisecond average seek time and a 3 megabit/second data transfer rate. It can use both concentric track disks for conventional computer systems and spiral track disks for high speed data transfer systems, such as hard disk drive (HDD) back-up, image data storing, and so on.

After NATO's Dual track decision of 1979: Where do we go from here?

After NATO's Dual track decision of 1979: Where do we go from here?

Dual Track Or Double Paralysis? The Politics of INF

No single issue has threatened the unity of NATO more during the past five years than the decision to deploy new intermediate-range nuclear weapons (Pershing Ils and ground launched cruise missiles) on European soil. The debate revealed different perspectives concerning the meaning of nuclear deterrence between the United States and its allies. The collective decisions of Italy, Great Britain, and West Germany to accept the initial deployment in November 1983 were due not only to their fear of the Soviet SS-20 missiles, but also to their internal political dynamics. This essay examines the divergent attitudes between Americans and Europeans and some of the reasons why various political parties in Europe chose to support this deployment.

DESIGN OF AN ACTIVE SUSPENSION FOR A PASSENGER VEHICLE MODEL USING INPUT PROCESSES WITH TIME DELAYS

SUMMARY In vehicles with traditional passive suspension, the spring and damping elements between car body and axles have a fixed characteristic. This means that when the suspension is adjusted, a compromise between comfort and safety has to be arrived at. With active suspension, on the other hand, both these criteria can be enhanced at the same time. Moreover, further improvements in driving behaviour can be made which are not possible with passive suspension. In this case, the time delay between front and rear axle excitation is represented by a fade approximation, which means that linear controller design methods in the state space (Riccati controller, Kalman filter) can be used to implement active vehicle suspension. A spatial model of a medium-range passenger vehicle is augmented by a disturbance model (stochastic dual track excitation of the road surface with excitation delay time, if need be with irregularity sensors), a perception filter (weighting of human sensitivity to vibration) and a filter fo...

Dual track magnetic recording method

First Page

Nuclear strategy in the Nordic region

United States proposals during the Carter Administration to place enhanced radiation weapons (neutron bombs) in Western Europe and early discussion about the deployment of intermediate range nuclear missiles spurred former Finnish President Kekkonen to renew his nearly 20-year-old proposal for a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the Nordic region. Following the December 1979 Dual Track decision of the NATO Ministers, who approved both Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces (INF) negotiations and nuclear force modernization if negotiations failed (a combination of 572 Cruise and Pershing II missiles), Kekkonen's proposals were echoed by his successor and by other officials in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark.1 Nordic views on nuclear weapons and related NATO policies are distinctly different from those in the rest of Western Europe. Norway and Denmark refuse to allow nuclear weapons on their soil or bases supporting permanently attached NATO forces. Both have emphasized a strong but conventional defense posture giving the Soviet Union no cause to consider them an offensive threat and no reason to attack them preemptively. Sweden's legacy of neutrality has been backed by strong conventional forces and is viewed in that country as an optimum position to avoid entanglement in Europe's wars.The other non-NATO Nordic state, Finland, has fought Russian forces three times in this century and has long understood that she cannot expect help from outside powers. She maintains small but competent armed forces and avoids direct confrontations with her Soviet neighbor. It is fair to conclude that Northern Europeans have followed and will continue to pursue policies that insulate them from both the worst consequences of the nuclear arms race and war in Central Europe. This paper will argue that it is possible to insulate the Nordic area from the worst con-

Natural Emphasis: English Versification from Chaucer to Dryden

42BOOK REVIEWS Susanne Woods, Natural Emphasis: English Versification from Chaucer to Dryden. San Marino, California: Huntington Library Press, 1985. xiii + 310 pp. $22. by Martin Elsky In an overview of almost the entirety of pre-eighteenthcentury English verse, Woods presents a largely technical history of the contour of the metrical line in English, though George Herbert figures in only a small way in this account. There are perhaps two broad approaches one may take to the subject of versification. One seeks the systematic linguistic rules that account for the regular alternation of stress with little regard for meaning or poetic context (see Halle and Keyser, English Stress: Its Form, Its Growth and Its Role in Verso [New York: Harper and Row, 1971]). Another approach uses the Aristotelian literary tradition to explain how poets use meter to make language into an art imitating meaning or the spoken voice (see John Thompson, The Founding of English Meter [New York: Columbia Univ. Press. 1966]). In her Introduction Woods gestures in the Aristotelian direction (pp. 12-13), and the most interesting parts of her book are about the technical means of expressing voice, but her treatment of verse, with significant differences, is largely in the tradition of Halle and Keyser's technical approach, though she does not use their specific linguistic model. For example, Woods credits Surrey with the invention of the iambic pentameter line by "solving the problem of where to place the caesura in a decasyllabic line" (pp. 85-86). (Throughout the book Woods shows special sensitivity to the metrical effects of the mid-line pause.) Her explanation of so important an event in the history of verse is intriguing and original, but it is purely technical, and is characteristic of a nominalism that often eschews larger literary and theoretical issues underlying metrical change, preferring instead to deal with specific metrical features of lines. Interesting literary matters are frequently raised, but left undeveloped. Nevertheless, the core of this book does trace a literary history beginning with Chaucer's five-stress line ("not, strictly speaking, . . . iambic pentameter" [p. 47]), which in the BOOK REVIEWS43 sixteenth century developed into two verse patterns, one generated by Wyatt, the other by Surrey, one a verse of personal reflection, the other of public statement. The line of Wyatt leads to Sidney and Donne, the line of Surrey to Spenser and Jonson. Retaining the dual track model of Renaissance verse, Woods replaces Yvor Winters' and CS. Lewis' division of plain and eloquent styles with metrical and rhythmic criteria. "The formal essence" of the distinction between these two kinds of verse "lies in the choice of metrical styles" (p. 94), she explains, and with these criteria she places Jonson with Spenser rather than with Donne and other plain stylists. This is Woods's most interesting and original argument, the main argument that holds her material together, though it sometimes gets lost in her discussion of details. The verse model established by Wyatt cannot be accounted for by iambic movement, or by accentual-syllabic meter in general, Woods argues, but instead is based on the rhythmic movement of phrases whose shapes are determined by line endings and mid-line pauses, a mode which acts as the vehicle of "rhythms mimetic of voice or content" (p. 74), particularly personal emotion. In effect, Woods describes here the design of a rhythmic apparatus that imitates speech. On the other hand, Surrey's adoption of true iambic accentual-syllabic verse serves "to generalize and make memorable essentially public statements" rather than express private feeling, and "establish[es] emotion by subtle contrasts" (p. 94) between meter and rhythm. This verse pattern tends to be "aesthetic" rather than "mimetic"; it uses "rhythms which are themselves pleasurable . . . but which do not directly imitate . . . either the effect of the speaking voice or the lexical meaning of the poem's statement" (p. 1 5), as the mimetic does. The distinction, however, is incomplete: aesthetic rhythms that convey public statement or express emotion must also have speakers and must also be the product of voice, albeit a different kind of voice from that conveyed by "mimetic" rhythms. Woods's most interesting discussion of this difference between phrasal ands truly metrical...

China and Southeast Asian Communist Movements: The Decline of Dual Track Diplomacy

China and Southeast Asian Communist Movements: The Decline of Dual Track Diplomacy

China and Southeast Asian Communist Movements: The Decline of Dual Track Diplomacy

DURING A VISIT to several Southeast Asian countries in August 1981, Chinese Premier Zhao Ziyang sought to assure their leaders that China did not intend to interfere in their internal affairs. Addressing the highly sensitive question of Chinese support for insurgent communist parties in these countries, Zhao claimed that relations between the Chinese Communist Party and these parties were political and moral and that China do its utmost to see that the problems left over from the past would not hinder the development of relations with Southeast Asian countries.' Zhao's statements continue a gradual process of Chinese downgrading of ties with the insurgent parties that has been occurring since the mid-1970s. This article seeks to explain the reasons for China's withdrawal of support and will then examine relations between China and the respective parties from the mid-1970s to the present. During the Cultural Revolution, China had cultivated ties with insurgent communist parties in Thailand (Communist Party of ThailandCPT), Malaysia (Malayan Communist Party-MCP and North Kalimantan Communist Party-NKCP), Burma (Burmese Communist PartyBCP), Indonesia (Indonesian Communist Party-PKI), and the Philippines (Philippine Communist Party-PCP). Besides endorsing the call for armed struggle against the central government in these countries, Beijing

The dual track career system within the internal revenue service

the dual track career system within the internal revenue service

An apparatus for the study of motivation and learning in children

An apparatus is described for use in learning ana motivation research with children. A dual track with cars permits singular or paired presentation of stimuli, presents different types of reinforcing events, counts the occurrence of these events, and automatically prints out latencies and correct or incorrect responses. Although designed primarily for studying the motivational properties of stimulus events, the apparatus is suitable for use in simple and complex learning studies.

Audio‐visual aids

ARGUMENTATION AND DEBATE. Dual track tape recording. 33/4 IPS. Two hour tape by Dr. James H. McBath. Cost: $14.95. Available through Campus World, Inc., 3757 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles 5, California. COMMUNICATION. 16 mm. film. 10 minutes. Sound. Color and Black and White. Purchase: Color $110.00; Black and White $55.00. Rental: $5.50. One of the Primary Modern Civilization Series. A Camerart Picture produced and narrated by John F. Criswell. Available through Gateway Productions, Inc., 1859 Powell Street, San Francisco 11, California. PATRICK HENRY'S FAMOUS SPEECH and THE BILL OF RIGHTS; CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS—13th, 14th, 15th and JEFFERSON'S FIRST INAUGURAL ADDRESS. Documentary Enrichments Records. 12 inch records with 15–20 minutes on each side. 331/3 RPM. Cost: $5.29 each. Available through Enrichment Teaching Materials, 246 Fifth Avenue, New York 1, New York. GENERAL ELECTRIC ETV OPERATING CENTER. A Complete Audio‐Visual Control Package. For detailed information contact Educational Television Sales, Technical Products Operation, General Electric Company, 212 West Division Street, Syracuse 3, New York. FOREIGN LANGUAGES ANIMATED TRANSPARENCY. A device to aid in the teaching of the position of the articulators in forming speech sounds. For further information contact Ben Lorenz Associates, 200 Park Avenue, New York, New York. SPEECHPHONE COURSES. (1. American Speech Sounds and Rhythm—Elementary; 2. American Speech Sounds and Rhythm—Intermediate; 3. American Speech Sounds and Rhythm—Advanced; 4. Spoken Word List). Three 12 inch records per course. 331/3 RPM. Created by Hazel P. Brown. Issued by Speech‐phone Record Division. Records produced by Columbia Recording Studios. First issued 1950; third edition, 1959. Cost: $29.50 per course. Available through Speechphone Record and Tape Division, Box 425, Grand Central Station, New York 17, New York. DIALECTS. 16 mm. film. 30 minutes. Sound. Black and White. Number 6 in a series of 13 films of the National Educational Television (NET) films on LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS by Dr. Henry Lee Smith, Jr. made at the University of Buffalo, New York, for the Metropolitan Television Center of New York City. Purchase: $125.00. Rental (five days): $5.25 plus postage. Available through Association Films, 347 Madison Avenue, New York 17, New York, or NET Film Service, Audio Visual Center, Bloomington, Indiana. DIRECTING A PLAY. A Lecture by Tyrone Guthrie. 331/3 RPM. 12 inch record. Album number: FL 9840. Cost: $5.95. Available through Folkways Records and Service Corporation, 121 West 47th Street, New York 36, New York. ELEMENTARY SET DESIGN. Series of five 35mm. film strips. Color. Written and directed by Dr. Wendell Cole, Stanford University; Editorial Consultant, Dr. James Butler, University of Southern California; Original Art Work, Keith Cooledge. Cost: $2750; $6.50 each strip. Available through Comma, 1535 Ivar Avenue, Hollywood 28, California. This series of five film strips is excellently done, has exciting pictures for illustrations, and should be useful for a number of different purposes. THE SECOND SHEPHERD'S PLAY. Directed by Howard Sackler. 12 inch record. 331/3 RPM. Playing time approximately 40 minutes. Album number: TC1032. Cost: $5.95. Available from Caedmon Records, 461 8th Avenue, New York 1, New York. GEORGE JEAN NATHAN'S THE NEW AMERICAN CREDO. Read by Julie Haydon Nathan. 1962. 331/3 RPM. Album number: FL 9760. Cost: $5.95. Available through Folkways Records and Service Corporation, 121 West 47th Street, New York. POETRY IN THE ROUND. A Poetry Workshop. Narration and poems by George Abbe. 12 inch record. 331/3 RPM. Album number: FI 9164. Cost: $5.95‐ Available through Folkways Records and Service Corporation, 121 West 47th Street, New York, New York.

Hydrophone Installation for the Study of Soniferous Marine Animals

A hydrophone assembly with terminals the Lerner Marine Laboratory, Bimini, Bahamas, has been installed on the east bank of the Straits of Florida in order to study the sounds produced by marine animals in the natural environment. Sounds from two bottom-mounted hydrophones, one in 100 ft of water and the other in 1200 it, were recorded on dual track, magnetic tape on a 24-h basis. The tapes were played back at eight times recording speed and monitored for sounds possibly of marine animal origin. More than 25 categories of sounds were observed during the initial period from November 1960 to July 1961. A number of the categories showed repetitive, diurnal patterns and possible seasonal patterns of soniferous activity. In general, sound categories the shallow and deep sites were different. Usually, only a single category was heard from a hydrophone at one time. Some tentative identifications have been made.

Audio‐visual aids

A PHILOSOPHY OF PARLIAMENTARY PROCEDURE IN A DEMOCRACY. Kinescope of a television program presented March 19, 1961, by Dr. Giles W. Gray, Professor Emeritus of Speech, Louisiana State University. 16mm. 30 minutes. Sound. Black and white. Rental: Postage and insurance both ways. Cost: $100.00. Available through Film and Recording Services, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 3, Louisiana. Television Rights controlled by WBRZ‐TV, Baton Rouge. THE CHAMPIONSHIP DEBATE. 331/3 RPM. 12 inch record of the final debate of the 1960 National Forensic League National Tournament, San Diego, California. 24 minutes each side. Cost: $3.95. Available through Robert D. Pellinen Productions, 626 West Rosewood Court, Ontario, California. THE CHAMPIONSHIP FIRST PLACE SPEAKERS IN INDIVIDUAL EVENTS. 331/3 RPM. 12 inch record of the winners of the 1960 National Forensic League National Tournament, San Diego, California. 25 minutes each side. Cost: $3.95. Available through Robert D. Pellinen Productions, 626 West Rosewood Court, Ontario, California. STYLES IN SHAKESPEAREAN ACTING, 1890–1950. Dual Track Tape. 71/2 IPS. 30 minutes each track. Produced by Frederick C. Packard, Jr., Harvard Vocarium. Sponsored by Audio‐Visual Aids Project of the American Educational Theatre Association. Cost: $5.95. Available through Creative Associates, Incorporated, 690 Dudley Street, Boston 25, Massachusetts, and Bureau of Auditory Education, 1612 Lyman Place, Los Angeles 27, California. BOSTON: BIRTHPLACE OF LIBERTY. Dual Track Tape. 71/2 IPS. 57 minutes. Produced by Sidney A. Dimond. Narrated by Robert Walsh and Donald Born. Cost: $5.95. Available through Creative Associates, Inc. 690 Dudley Street, Boston 25, Massachusetts, and Bureau of Auditory Education, 1612 Lyman Place, Los Angeles 27, California. EARS AND HEARING. 1950. Sound. Black and white. 10 minutes. Cost: $60.00. Rental: $2.50. Loan: free from many State Public Health Agencies. Available through Encyclopedia Britannica Films, Inc., 1150 Wilmette Ave., Wilmette, Illinois. YOUR CHILDREN'S EARS. 1946. Sound. Black and white. 15 minutes. Loan: free from many State Public Health Agencies. Available through McGraw‐Hill Book Co., Text‐Film Department, 330 W. 42nd Street, New York 36, N. Y. YOUR EARS. 1947. Sound. Black and white. 10 minutes. Cost: $60.00. Rental: consult leading rental libraries. Loan: free from many State Public Health Agencies. Available through McGraw‐Hill Book Co., Text‐Film Department, 330 W. 42nd Street, New York 36, N. Y. This film is a shortened version of Your YOU AND YOUR EARS. Sound. Technicolor. 9 minutes. Cost: $100.00 for long‐term lease to non‐profit organizations by Walt Disney Productions, 300 S. Buena Vista Street, Bur‐bank, California. Loan: free from Modern Talking Picture Service, Inc., 3 East 54th Street, New York 22, N. Y. HOW THE EAR FUNCTIONS. 1940. Sound. Black and white. 10 minutes. Cost: $50.00. Rental: $2.25. Loan: free from many State Public Health Agencies. Available through Knowledge Builders, Visual Education Building, Floral Park, New York. HOW WE HEAR. 1939. Silent. Black and white. 5 minutes Cost: $17.50. Rental: $2.00. Available through Bray Studios, Inc., 729 7th Avenue, New York 19, N. Y. THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM. 1953. Sound. Color. 40 minutes. Not for sale. Free loan. Available through National Foundation, Department of Professional Education, 800 Second Avenue, New York 17, N. Y. THE BRAIN. 1940. Silent. Black and white. 60 minutes. Cost: $225.00. Rental: $10.00. Available through Brandon Films, Inc., 200 W. 57th Street, New York, 19, N. Y. BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR. 1957. Sound. Black and white. 22 minutes. Cost: $130.00. Rental: consult leading rental libraries. Available through McGraw‐Hill Book Co., Text‐Film Department, 330 W. 42nd Street, New York 36, N. Y. MAN IS A UNIVERSE. 1954. Sound. Black and white. 12 minutes. Cost: $40.00. Rental: consult leading rental agencies. Available through National Film Board of Canada, 680 Fifth Avenue, New York 19, N. Y. THE SPINAL CORD. 1940. Silent. 23 minutes. Cost: $90.00. Not for rent. Available through Brandon Films, Inc., 200 W. 57th Street, New York 19, N. Y.

A magnetic tape memory for D-C positional servomechanisms

A method of storing positional data on magnetic tape has been devised and this method employed in a memory unit for a d-c positional servomechanism. A dual track tape and a time modulation encoding scheme are the distinguishing features of this method.