Dual Roles Research Articles

Experimental design for a novel co-flow jet airfoil

The Co-flow Jet (CFJ) technology holds significant promise for enhancing aerodynamic efficiency and furthering decarbonization in the evolving landscape of air transportation. The aim of this study is to empirically validate an optimized CFJ airfoil through low-speed wind tunnel experiments. The CFJ airfoil is structured in a tri-sectional design, consisting of one experimental segment and two stationary segments. A support rod penetrates the airfoil, fulfilling dual roles: it not only maintains the structural integrity of the overall model but also enables the direct measurement of aerodynamic forces on the test section of the CFJ airfoil within a two-dimensional wind tunnel. In parallel, the stationary segments are designed to effectively minimize the interference from the lateral tunnel walls. The experimental results are compared with numerical simulations, specifically focusing on aerodynamic parameters and flow field distribution. The findings reveal that the experimental framework employed is highly effective in characterizing the aerodynamic behavior of the CFJ airfoil, showing strong agreement with the simulation data.

The Dual Roles of Trust and Risk in Sport Consumer Decision-Making in Social Commerce: An Information Adoption Model

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to understand consumers’ decision-making process based on the information adoption model (IAM). In addition, the trust-risk perspective was incorporated into the IAM to establish a more comprehensive framework to explore consumers’ purchase intention. The results found that consumers’ intention to purchase sporting goods was significantly predicted by the IAM and perceptions of trust and risk. Specifically, the relationships within the IAM were positive and significant, and both argument quality and source credibility affected information usefulness, which further led to information adoption. Moreover, information adoption had a positive influence on purchase intention. In addition, perceived trust and risk played different roles in consumers’ information adoption process and purchase intention. This study initially explores sport consumers’ decision-making in social commerce. Integrating the IAM and trust-risk perspective provides insights into the consumers’ information adoption process and purchase intention of sporting goods.

Alternative Business Model of CCS Projects Unlocks High-CO2 Fields

_ This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 214359, “Business Model of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Projects for High-CO2 Fields,” by Hasnor Lot, SPE, Andrew Yeow, SPE, and Anuar Buang Mahmood, SPE, Petronas, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. _ High-CO2 gas fields present a problem to host governments wanting to both ensure security of supply and achieve net-zero aspirations. While carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology holds the promise of technical feasibility to unlock these fields, its commercial success ultimately hinges on the choice of an appropriate business model. This study compares the economics of the traditional business model [i.e., CCS as part of the upstream petroleum operation dedicated to a production sharing contract (PSC)] vs. the alternative business model [i.e., a regional CCS hub separately managed by a special-purpose vehicle (SPV)]. For simplicity, this paper uses the term CCS throughout, although the discussions apply equally well to carbon capture, usage, and storage projects. Background Gas Value Chain and the Cost of Gas (COG). With its higher development, transportation, and processing costs; longer and flatter production profile; and needs for network infrastructure, the economics of gas development is often less robust than that of oil. Therefore, gas development requires not only the establishment of long-term contracts and a complex value chain but also active government support in the form of friendly fiscal and tax regimes and a fair gas-pricing policy. In addition to its role as the upstream regulator, a national oil company (NOC) may also participate in the gas market as an aggregator. Effectively, the NOC signs an upstream gas-sales agreement (UGSA) with upstream contractors committing to buy gas at a volume and price palatable to them. The aggregator then sells the gas it now owns to downstream users. The margin between the buying and selling prices makes up the aggregator’s profit. In return, the aggregator takes on the intermediary roles of matching supply to demand, coordinating fair nomination and curtailment mechanisms, and ensuring that the gas chain as a whole is flexibly robust against operational disruptions. An NOC enjoys the dual roles of operating as a national corporation and acting as the upstream regulator. In its regulatory role, the NOC is cognizant of the need to allocate the risks and rewards of a CCS investment in a fair and efficient manner between participating parties. The business model must improve the overall economic return for both the upstream contractor and the SPV while enhancing the NOC’s integrated value. The business model so designed must also achieve the NOC’s longer-term goal of unlocking resource opportunities and monetizing stranded gas fields.

Unraveling the Intricacies of Autophagy and Mitophagy: Implications in Cancer Biology.

Autophagy is an essential lysosome-mediated degradation pathway that maintains cellular homeostasis and viability in response to various intra- and extracellular stresses. Mitophagy is a type of autophagy that is involved in the intricate removal of dysfunctional mitochondria during conditions of metabolic stress. In this review, we describe the multifaceted roles of autophagy and mitophagy in normal physiology and the field of cancer biology. Autophagy and mitophagy exhibit dual context-dependent roles in cancer development, acting as tumor suppressors and promoters. We also discuss the important role of autophagy and mitophagy within the cancer microenvironment and how autophagy and mitophagy influence tumor host-cell interactions to overcome metabolic deficiencies and sustain the activity of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in a stromal environment. Finally, we explore the dynamic interplay between autophagy and the immune response in tumors, indicating their potential as immunomodulatory targets in cancer therapy. As the field of autophagy and mitophagy continues to evolve, this comprehensive review provides insights into their important roles in cancer and cancer microenvironment.

The dual role of time perception in trauma-exposed individuals: A conceptual review.

This comprehensive review seeks to integrate knowledge on the dual role of time as a reactive and a constructive measure with literature on the distinctive encoding of traumatic memories. First, we discuss the dual role of time. Later, we show how encoding traumatic events may lead to chronic alteration in time perception. Finally, we review the potential of temporal metacognitive awareness as a therapeutic avenue to rectify chronic time dilation following trauma, ultimately mitigating posttraumatic symptoms. A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted using four main terms: time perception, temporal encoding of traumatic memories, temporal metacognitive awareness, and temporal learning tasks as clinical interventions. The review proposes that the interplay between the dual roles of time-reactive and constructive-alongside the elemental encoding of traumatic events can give rise to a self-perpetuating cycle. Within this cycle, overgeneralized fear could lead to neutral stimuli triggering and fortifying time dilation, thus contributing to the maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Furthermore, we propose that cultivating temporal metacognitive awareness could potentially yield a positive impact on time dilation by embracing a more adaptable learning approach-one that places less emphasis on external signals and does not necessitate direct engagement with traumatic content. Strengthened temporal awareness might serve to mitigate chronic time dilation, potentially leading to a reduction in PTSD symptoms. The review emphasizes the need for further research to examine whether enhancing temporal metacognitive awareness for time duration may offer an innovative and effective avenue for alleviating PTSD symptoms in trauma-exposed individuals. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

LITERATURE REVIEW: HUSBAND'S ROLE IN REDUCE THE INCIDENCE OF POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION IN WORKING WOMEN IN INDONESIA

Postpartum stress conditions are experienced by most women. Mothers who are actively working tend to have a greater risk of Postpartum Depression than mothers who do not work. This is due to the dual roles of raising children, managing the household, and completing work matters. This study aimed to determine husbands' support for the incidence of Postpartum Depression in working women in Indonesia. This study used a literature review strategy that was reviewed from several sources such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar with a selection of articles published from 2017 to 2023. Searches in the database were carried out using keywords such as “Postpartum Depression”, “Working Women and Postpartum Depression”, and “Husband’s Role and Postpartum Depression”. The literature review results show that the main factor influencing the incidence of Postpartum Depression in Working Women is the lack of a husband's role. Based on the literature review, it can be concluded that family support, especially husbands, is needed to minimize Postpartum Depression in Working Women. It is hoped that husbands will support and help working women in taking care of their children so that Postpartum Depression does not occur.

Insights into adsorption behavior and mechanism of Cu(II) onto biodegradable and conventional microplastics: Effect of aging process and environmental factors

The widespread promotion attempt of biodegradable plastics is considered as an effective solution to address conventional plastic pollution. However, the interaction of microplastics (MPs) easily broken down from biodegradable plastics with the coexisting pollutants in aquatic environments has gained less attention. Herein, we investigated the effects of the aging process and environmental factors on copper (Cu(II)) adsorption behavior by biodegradable polylactic acid and conventional polystyrene MPs. Results demonstrated that the aging process significantly altered physicochemical properties of both types of MPs, and PLA showed less resistance to aging. The aged polylactic acid MPs (aged-PLA) exhibited the far highest Cu(II) maximum adsorption capacity (7.13 mg/g) mainly due to its abundant oxygen-containing functional groups (OCFGs), followed by pristine polylactic acid (PLA, 6.08 mg/g), aged polystyrene (aged-PS, 0.489 mg/g) and pristine polystyrene (PS, 0.365 mg/g). The adsorption kinetics of Cu(II) on PLA MPs were controlled by film and intraparticle diffusion, while film diffusion governed the Cu(II) adsorption onto PS MPs. In addition to roles of rougher surface structure, greater surface area and pore filling, the complexation of OCFGs and electrostatic interaction were critical to the adsorption mechanism of aged-PLA and aged-PS, and cation-π interaction was associated with adsorption of aged-PS. Moreover, the adsorption capacity of Cu(II) on aged MPs gradually grew with the increasing pH from 4 to 7. Besides, humic acid significantly promoted the adsorption of Cu(II) at a low concentration (0–20 mg/L) due to the formation of binary mixtures of MPs-HA but inhibited the adsorption at a high concentration (50 mg/L) because of its competitive effect, suggesting the dual roles of humic acid in the adsorption process. Overall, our findings provide a better understanding of the adsorption behavior of metals on biodegradable MPs and emphasize their non-negligible risk as carriers of contaminant.

Too Much of a Good Thing: Extended Duration of Gut Microbiota Depletion Reverses Protection From Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis.

Using the model of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) induced by immunization with a retinal antigen, two studies have reported contradictory results on disease development following oral antibiotic treatment (ABX). We showed that long-term ABX did not affect EAU, but another study showed that short-term ABX was protective. We therefore studied the effects of ABX on EAU, gut microbiota, and host immune responses as a function of treatment duration. EAU-susceptible mice were treated orally with broad-spectrum antibiotics starting at least 10 weeks (long-term) or 1 week (short-term) before immunization until termination of the experiment. Gut microbiota were characterized by 16S amplicon sequencing, and host gut immune elements were studied phenotypically and functionally. Long-term ABX had no effect, whereas short-term ABX delayed EAU, as previously reported by us and others, respectively. Microbial sequencing revealed progressive reduction of gut microbiota that showed some differences in the two ABX groups. Interestingly, duration of ABX was associated with a gradual disappearance of the CD4+ and CD4+CD8+ subset of gut intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs). This IEL subset is microbiota dependent and is absent in germ-free mice. Relative abundance of Lactobacillus reuteri correlated with the frequencies of CD4+CD8+ IELs. IELs suppressed antigen-specific activation of autoreactive T cells in culture. Gut microbiota may play dual roles in uveitis development: They promote EAU development but also help maintain IEL populations that have regulatory function against autoreactive T cells. We propose that the progressive loss of this population during long-term ABX reverses the EAU-ameliorating effects of microbiota depletion.

Single-Cell Multi-Ome Analysis Reveals Novel Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Subclonal Response to Survivin Inhibition in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma

Multiple myeloma is the second-most common hematological malignancy in the US that remains a challenging disease to cure despite recent advancements in treatment strategies. Drug resistance is a major cause of concern in myeloma chemotherapy. We have created an optimization-regularization-based computational prediction method called secDrug that identified several novel secondary drug (‘secDrug‘) combinations against drug-resistant myeloma (relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma or RRMM). Top among our predicted secDrugs includes the survivin inhibitor, YM155. Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family that has dual roles in mitosis and apoptosis. YM155 inhibits survivin at the transcriptional level by inhibiting the survivin gene promoter. Several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of YM155 in solid tumors and heme malignancies, including myeloma. However, the precise mechanism of action is not yet known. MM cell lines express high levels of IAPs. We observed high in vitro cytotoxicity of YM155 as a single agent (IC 50 range 0.41 to 12.85nM) as well as in combination with the primary drugs like proteasome inhibitors and Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) against >15 human myeloma cell lines representing innate/refractory and acquired/emerging (relapse) resistance. Next, we explored the molecular mechanisms underlying the efficacy of YM155 using pre-vs-post-treatment tumor whole-transcriptome analysis (RNAseq). The top differentially regulated genes include DDIT3 (CHOP), ATF3, TXNDC5 SEC24D, and DHX15 ( Figure 1A). Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) predicted that, in addition to regulating apoptosis, survivin inhibition in myeloma significantly upregulated unfolded protein response and downregulated vehicle trafficking and genes associated with immune cell function. Further, we performed single-cell transcriptomics (scRNAseq; 10X Genomics) analysis to explore treatment-induced changes to the subclonal architecture. Our scRNAseq results revealed a distinct shift in clusters representing myeloma single-cell subpopulations following YM155 treatment ( Figure 1B). For example, Cluster 1 (53.11%), characterized by high expression of cell survival markers Ki67 and MYC, was pre-dominant in untreated myeloma cells, while Cluster 4 (52.19%) was the primary subclone in post-treatment tumors. Cluster 3 was shared between the untreated and treated groups. Detailed distinctions between each single-cell cluster will be presented. Furthermore, our scRNAseq data alluded to the benefits of combining survivin-inhibitors and Hsp90-inhibitors based on the expression of drug target genes. Hsp90 inhibitors indirectly target survivin by disrupting the interaction between survivin and Hsp90, resulting in a destabilized survivin protein that ultimately results in survivin degradation. In fact, we have earlier shown the effectiveness of Hsp90 inhibitors (17-AAG, AICAR, and CCT018159) as potent secDrugs against RRMM. Finally, high-dimensional mass cytometry or CyTOF analysis using heavy metal-conjugated proteins in patient bone marrow-derived primary myeloma cells ( ex vivo model system) showed that YM155 induced dose-dependent reduction of several protein markers implicated in cell survival and chemotherapeutic resistance in multiple myeloma, including myc, Ki-67, CD28, CD81, and CD274 (PD-L1). Previous studies have shown that CD28 and CD81 are high-risk immunophenotypes associated with significantly worse prognosis in patients with myeloma. PD-L1 (Programmed death-ligand 1) is a cell-surface glycoprotein expressed in a large number of malignancies that is involved in the termination of immune response and immune evasion. An earlier study has shown that YM155 enhances daratumumab-mediated cellular lysis of multiple myeloma cells. Our RNAseq and CyTOF results thus suggest a potential basis of synergy between YM155 with immunotherapies approved for myeloma, which we will test further. Our approach thus integrates in silico prediction with single-cell multi-ome analysis to identify molecular mechanisms potentially underlying subclonal response to novel combination therapy candidates (secDrugs) for the treatment of RRMM.

Walking the Walk: Inclusion of Lived Experience Experts in the Design of the National Hemophilia Foundation's National Research Blueprint for Those Living with Inherited Bleeding Disorders

BACKGROUND: The National Hemophilia Foundation's (NHF) vision of a world without inheritable blood disorders begins with research. To that end, we have initiated a multi-year project with the goal of building a transformational research enterprise through full community-engagement. Building this innovative research ecosystem has required us to rethink how we prioritize research questions mattering most to those impacted by and caring for people with inheritable bleeding disorders (Lived Experience Experts (LEEs)), how we democratize the research culture and structure to streamline efforts, and how we ensure research findings are disseminated, relevant, representative, and inclusive. As a result of the Research State of the Science Summit in September 2021, considerable progress has been made in identifying areas most urgently requiring attention to make the greatest impact for the future. Over the past year, members of the National Research Blueprint's (NRB) steering committee (SC) and working groups (WGs) have worked to produce the necessary components to launch, sustain, and expand a research network in which LEEs contribute at all levels. Inherent in this strategy is the involvement of the LEE in research prioritization, design, implementation, and analysis as an equal partner to the traditional research team members. To demonstrate the important role played by LEEs in this process, we report the demographic make-up of the members of the NRB SC and WGs to demonstrate the large LEE presense in this effort. METHODS: Based on the insights generated during the SOS, in addition to the SC, seven multi-disciplinary NRB WGs have been created: Community Engagement; Health Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion; Infrastructure; Lived Experience Experts (defined as individuals, their caregivers, and family members directly impacted by inheritable bleeding disorders, whose diverse and personal knowledge gives each individual the unique ability to translate lived experiences into meaningful system change); Policy; Research and Development; and Workforce (Figure 1). The WGs have been charged with addressing critical questions in the creation, sustainability, and eventual expansion of this LEE-focused research network. We collected basic demographic information for members of the SC and WGs. RESULTS: A total of 62 individuals are currently participating as members of either the NRB SC or WGs. Of these SC or WG members, 36 (58%) are female and 26 (42%) are male. Fourteen (23%) individuals are Black, Indigenous, or People of Color. Thirty SC or WG members are LEEs (48%). Twelve (33%) of the females are LEEs. Eighteen (60%) of the males are LEEs. A total of 29 (47%) of the SC and WG members are professional health-care providers (HCPs), defined as an individual with an academic degree allowing the provision of medical care to people. Twenty (69%) of the female SC or WG members are providers. Nine (31%) of the male SC or WG members are HCPs. Of the participating HCPs, 6 (21%) are LEEs including 2 (10%) who are female and four (44%) who are male (Table 1). CONCLUSIONS: The NHF's multi-year process of building the National Research Blueprint for inheritable bleeding disorders has prioritized the participation of people most familiar with bleeding disorders, the LEEs, from the beginning of the process. By including LEEs in all steps of development of this endeavor, each of the WGs have benefited from the exchange of ideas and insights from the LEEs, resulting in an innovative and inclusive approach to asking questions most impactful to those affected by inheritable bleeding disorders. Almost half of the members of the NRB SC and WGs are LEEs, who are also well represented among HCPs in dual roles. The NRB, driven by, for, and with LEEs, will redefine the inheritable bleeding disorders research landscape.

Platelet-Derived TGF-β1 Induces Functional Reprogramming of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Immune Thrombocytopenia

Introduction: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune disease characterized by isolated thrombocytopenia and varying degrees of bleeding symptoms. Platelets are anucleate cytoplasmic cell fragments that play dual physiological roles as both cellular mediators of thrombosis and immune modulatory cells. Platelets are the largest storage pool of TGF-β1, a crucial enforcer of immune homeostasis and tolerance. Studies have shown that TGF-β1 released by platelets contributes to the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension and cervical carcinoma. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous group of immature myeloid cells with potent immunosuppressive functions. Our previous studies have shown that MDSCs are impaired in number and function in patients with ITP. The objective of this study was to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of MDSCs reprogramming by platelet-derived TGF-β1. Methods: A transwell assay was used to determine the impact of platelets on MDSCs induced from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of ITP patients and healthy controls. The percentage of circulating MDSCs in ITP patients was detected before and after administration of thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs). Besides, anti-CD61 immune-sensitized splenocytes were transferred into SCID mice to establish an active murine model of ITP. Subsequently, MDSCs from TPO-RA-treated ITP mice were transplanted as cell therapy to rescue treatment-free ITP mice. In specific, adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors efficiently infected MDSCs to enable cell-specific Smad2/3 knock-down. Finally, platelet specific TGF-β1-deficient mice were used to validate the effect of platelet-derived TGF-β1 on MDSCs. Results: TGF-β1 levels in the supernatant of MDSCs co-cultured with platelets of high concentration was significantly higher than that in MDSCs co-cultured with platelets of low concentration or alone. FACS analysis showed that platelet mass enhanced the inhibitory effects of MDSCs on the proliferation of CD4 + T cells, which could be offset by TGF-β1 inhibitor (TGF-βi). Besides, TPO-RAs treatment induced significantly increased percentage of circulating MDSCs in responders with chronic ITP. Likewise, TPO-RA significantly expanded MDSC population in active ITP murine models. Furthermore, after receiving donor MDSCs from TPO-RA-treated ITP mice, arrested differentiation of plasma cells, reduced Fas ligand expression on cytotoxic T cells, and re-balanced T cell subsets were found in the recipient mice, indicating augmented inhibitory functions of MDSCs. Mechanistically, transcriptome analysis confirmed the participation of TGF-β/Smad pathway in donor MDSCs from TPO-RA-treated ITP mice, which was offset by Smad2/3 knockdown. Finally, by constructing ITP models using Pf4 cre-Tgfb1 fl/fl and Pf4 cre+Tgfb1fl/fl mice, we found that TGF-β1 inhibition and platelet TGF-β1-deficence, both, could counteract the elevated platelet count and MDSCs percentage, as well as improved immunosuppressive capacity of MDSCs trigged by TPO-RA modulation. Conclusion: To sum up, it was demonstrated that platelet TGF-β1 induced the expansion and functional reprogramming of MDSCs via TGF-β/Smad pathway. These data indicate that platelet recovery not only serves as an endpoint of remission, but also paves the way for tolerance induction in immune-mediated thrombocytopenia. Our exploratory study deciphered immunological changes induced by TPO-RAs and helped to identify molecular mechanisms responsible for long-term remission after TPO-RA discontinuation.

Building a Digital Education Library

As a formal institutional structure, university libraries represent at their core the collective knowledge and opportunity for deep personalised learning and professional development across the traditionalist subject matters. As professionals working within rapidly-evolving fields of online learning, in particular those around Learning Design, we do not have this same level of access or historical record as more traditional subjects (Elmborg, 2011). The Digital Education Library is an exploration of bridging this gap in a collaborative, co-curated, less formal approach to professional development. In adapting the library structure to meet the needs and breadth of our team, we also have the opportunity to modernise for access and inclusion. This design accounts for the needs of modern hybrid work models and encourages recognition of the breadth of skills, knowledge, and interests existing within our own team structures. The [institution]’s Digital Education division comprises of four smaller areas; a Learning Design, Learning Media, Learning Environments, and Exams & e-Assessments teams, under its broader banner. These interconnected roles each add value and contexts to library content and design (Ilahi et al., 2019). With a diverse team from dispersed locations, curation and access to digital resources and physical books are embedded in the design to normalise and facilitate hybrid teams. With these factors considered, building a Digital Education library gathers a broad range of themes related to third space design needs. The platform chosen utilises a hybrid approach (UNESCO, 2003), alongside a physical library of works, focused on not just instructional design, but a broad range of adjacent themes related to the areas of the Digital Education division – assessment design, media and graphic design, user experience, learning design, academic development, as well as works focused on the scholarship of teaching & learning, leadership, team culture, and data literacy. The range of themes explored is intentionally designed to foster partnerships between areas of the team, and hold intentional and visible space for professional development. Agency within the team is also fostered through opportunity for co-creation, through the option for team members to easily share resources they’ve found interesting, with relevant tags, descriptors, and templates. This presentation will explore the Digital Education Library and its design process, from its dual perspective roles as both a library of digital education, and a digital library of education.

Dysuricemia.

Gout results from elevated serum urate (SU) levels, or hyperuricemia, and is a globally widespread and increasingly burdensome disease. Recent studies have illuminated the pathophysiology of gout/hyperuricemia and its epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and complications. The genetic involvement of urate transporters and enzymes is also proven. URAT1, a molecular therapeutic target for gout/hyperuricemia, was initially derived from research into hereditary renal hypouricemia (RHUC). RHUC is often accompanied by complications such as exercise-induced acute kidney injury, which indicates the key physiological role of uric acid. Several studies have also revealed its physiological role as both an anti-oxidant and a pro-oxidant, acting as both a scavenger and a generator of reactive oxygen species (ROSs). These discoveries have prompted research interest in SU and xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), an enzyme that produces both urate and ROSs, as status or progression biomarkers of chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. The notion of "the lower, the better" is therefore incorrect; a better understanding of uric acid handling and metabolism/transport comes from an awareness that excessively high and low levels both cause problems. We summarize here the current body of evidence, demonstrate that uric acid is much more than a metabolic waste product, and finally propose the novel disease concept of "dysuricemia" on the path toward "normouricemia", or optimal SU level, to take advantage of the dual roles of uric acid. Our proposal should help to interpret the spectrum from hypouricemia to hyperuricemia/gout as a single disease category.

Fast zinc-ion storage enabled by hydrophobic alkyl chains via reducing dual diffusion barriers

Vanadium-based aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) represent a highly promising solution for large-scale energy storage applications. For fast zinc-ion storage within the V2O5 cathode and mitigating its structural degradation, hydrophobic alkyl chains are pre-intercalated into V2O5. In particular, the synthesized tetraethylammonium pre-intercalated V2O5 (TEAVO) delivers a remarkable capacity of 470.9 mA h g–1 a 0.2 A g–1, especially excellent rate capability of 307.8 mA h g−1 at 10 A g–1 over 5,000 cycles (98.3 % capacity retention). Thorough investigations elucidate the multiple roles of the alkyl chains, including the inhibition of H2O insertion, facilitation of Zn2+ desolvation, and suppression of vanadium dissolution fundamentally. The combination of ex/in-situ characterizations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations has also unraveled the dual roles of the alkyl chains in reducing Zn2+ diffusion barriers. Notably, the diffusion barriers governing the entire Zn2+ insertion process have been determined for the first time at least for TEAVO. This pioneering work presents novel insights into the organic pre-intercalation, and sheds light on the advancement of AZIBs technology.

Female semiochemicals stimulate male courtship but dampen female sexual receptivity.

Chemical communication plays a vital role in mate attraction and discrimination among many insect species. Here, we document a unique example of semiochemical parsimony, where four chemicals act as both aphrodisiacs and anti-aphrodisiacs in different contexts in Bactrocera dorsalis. Specifically, we identified four female-specific semiochemicals, ethyl laurate, ethyl myristate, ethyl cis-9-hexadecenoate, and ethyl palmitate, which serve as aphrodisiacs to attract male flies and arouse male courtship. Interestingly, these semiochemicals, when sexually transferred to males during mating, can function as anti-aphrodisiacs, inhibiting the receptivity of subsequent female mates. We further showed that the expression of elongase11, a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of these semiochemicals, is under the control of doublesex, facilitating the exclusive biosynthesis of these four semiochemicals in females and guaranteeing effective chemical communication. The dual roles of these semiochemicals not only ensure the attractiveness of mature females but also provide a simple yet reliable mechanism for female mate discrimination. These findings provide insights into chemical communication in B. dorsalis and add elements for the design of pest control programs.

CAREER WOMAN AND HER WORK-LIFE BALANCE

The purpose of this study was to examine about the work-life balance of a career woman. The target for this study is women who have jobs, both married and unmarried, and already have children or do not have children. The method used in this research is a form of descriptive research, with quantitative data analysis techniques and data collection tools that use questionnaire tools and literature studies. Before being widely disseminated, the statement items on the questionnaire were tested for validity and reliability using the SPSS 26 program. The questionnaire was distributed through Google Forms and filled out by 74 respondents. The respondents who filled in came from various ages and with varying periods of work. The results showed that most respondents already had a good work-life balance and three aspects of work-life balance were fulfilled even though they were not greatly optimized. It is highly recommended that career women must be paying attention to work-life balance, so as not to feel pressured and experience work dissatisfaction in carrying out their dual roles.

Fluorinated polyimide with enhanced ultraviolet-resistant radiation via a self-sacrificial strategy

High-performance polyimide (PI) films with excellent ultraviolet (UV)-resistant radiation and low dielectric constant (k) properties are ideal spacecraft antenna substrates in space applications. However, conventional commercial PI films like Kapton® applied in the aerospace field are inevitably subjected to the harsh UV radiation environment, leading to their structural damage and performance failure. Herein, a type of “self-sacrificial” micro-branched crosslinked PI films were fabricated by employing tris(4-aminophenyl)amine (TAPA) intrinsically containing the C-N bonds to crosslink linear pure fluorinated PI (FPI), where TAPA functioned as the dual roles of crosslinker and creating “self-sacrificial” local deep traps of C-N bonds in crosslinked sites. Consequently, abundant local deep traps of C-N bonds in crosslinked sites could capture energy from UV-rays to prevent the destruction of PI molecular main chains, thus the crosslinked FPI-TAPA films exhibited better UV-resistant radiation properties than that of pure FPI films and commercial PI films. And the crosslinked film showed least k of 2.53 and least dielectric loss of 0.006 at frequency of 1 MHz owing to the introduction of micro-branched crosslinked structure. Additionally, a high breakdown strength of 522 MV/m, as well as a high tensile modulus of 3.03 ± 0.07 GPa, was achieved, much better than the value of pure FPI film. This work provides a novel and facile approach to fabricate high-performance PI films with excellent UV-resistant properties, exhibiting great potential application in aerospace and microelectronics industries.

Pertukaran Sosial dalam Peran Ganda Perempuan: Studi Kasus tentang Pekerjaan Rumah Tangga dan Karier Profesional

Social Exchange in Women's Dual Roles: A Case Study of Housework and Professional Career. This research investigates the dynamics of social exchange involved in women's dual roles, with a focus on the fulfillment of household work and professional career development. Social exchange theory is used as a framework to analyze how women manage their roles in an increasingly complex contemporary society. Through in-depth case studies, this research explores women's experiences in managing household responsibilities along with their efforts to achieve success in professional careers. The results of this study provide insight into the challenges and opportunities they face in carrying out their dual roles, as well as their impact on gender equality in society. The results of this research have important implications in efforts to increase gender equality and encourage more inclusive social change. This study also provides a basis for better policy thinking in supporting women in navigating their dual roles and achieving success in various aspects of their lives.

Lys417 acts as a molecular switch that regulates the conformation of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.

SARS-CoV-2 spike protein plays a key role in mediating viral entry and inducing host immune responses. It can adopt either an open or closed conformation based on the position of its receptor-binding domain (RBD). It is yet unclear what causes these conformational changes or how they influence the spike's functions. Here, we show that Lys417 in the RBD plays dual roles in the spike's structure: it stabilizes the closed conformation of the trimeric spike by mediating inter-spike-subunit interactions; it also directly interacts with ACE2 receptor. Hence, a K417V mutation has opposing effects on the spike's function: it opens up the spike for better ACE2 binding while weakening the RBD's direct binding to ACE2. The net outcomes of this mutation are to allow the spike to bind ACE2 with higher probability and mediate viral entry more efficiently, but become more exposed to neutralizing antibodies. Given that residue 417 has been a viral mutational hotspot, SARS-CoV-2 may have been evolving to strike a balance between infection potency and immune evasion, contributing to its pandemic spread.

ICAM-1 mediated cell-cell adhesion exerts dual roles on human B cell differentiation and IgG production

Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) plays prominent roles in mediating cell-cell adhesion which also facilitates B cell activation and differentiation with the help from CD4+ Tcells. Here, we have reported a unique phenomenon that increased ICAM-1 on purified human CD4+ Tcells upon anti-CD3/CD28 stimulation enhanced CD4+ T-B cell adhesion whereas induced less B cell differentiation and IgG production. This was largely due to increased PD-1 expression on CD19hi B cells after coculturing with hyperactivated CD4+ Tcells. Consequently, ICAM-1 blockade during CD4+ Tcell-B cell coculture promoted IgG production with the activation of ERK1/2 and Blimp-1/IRF4 upregulation. Consistently, CD4+ Tcells from moderate-to-severe SLE patients with high ICAM-1 expression mediated less IgG production after T-B coculture. Therefore, ICAM-1-mediated human CD4+ T-B cell adhesion provides dual roles on B cell differentiation and IgG production partially depending on expression levels of PD-1 on B cells, supporting cell adhesion and subsequent PD-1 induction as an alternative intrinsic checkpoint for B cell differentiation.