Dual Program Research Articles

Dual Career of Elite Athletes in Greece

In the past 30 years, there has been extended research on athletes’ career development toward a promising dual career. Present research was focused on the description of the legal and educational framework about dual career athletes in Greece, as well as on identifying the obstacles, needs and challenges of elite young and former athletes, and stakeholders in the development of their dual careers. A survey was conducted on a total of eighty-four athletes and stakeholders residents of northern, southern, and central sport destinations of Greece. Young athletes, former athletes and stakeholders completed three different questionnaires. Demographics, attitudes, preferences and actual experiences about their athletic life and career were recorded in parallel with their educational life and professional career. Data analysis supported that elite athletes in Greece neither seemed to follow a common model proposed by the state or national policy nor seemed to be supported by national legislation leading to dual-career practices. It was remarkable that sport stakeholders in Greece indicated that dual-career program remained at an early stage and more effort from all participants was required. A SWOT analysis pointed out strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for the dual-career status in Greece. Results focused on the lack of support by the government, sports institutions, educational and market structures to link all forces successfully for a sustainable dual career program. Comparing to European sport system and strategies, the study revealed similar weaknesses and mainly the absence of an official national legislation.

Integer programming in parameterized complexity: Five miniatures

Powerful results from the theory of integer programming have recently led to substantial advances in parameterized complexity. However, our perception is that, except for Lenstra’s algorithm for solving integer linear programming in fixed dimension, there is still little understanding in the parameterized complexity community of the strengths and limitations of the available tools. This is understandable: it is often difficult to infer exact runtimes or even the distinction between FPT and XP algorithms, and some knowledge is simply unwritten folklore in a different community. We wish to make a step in remedying this situation. To that end, we first provide an easy to navigate quick reference guide of integer programming algorithms from the perspective of parameterized complexity. Then, we show their applications in three case studies, obtaining FPT algorithms with runtime f(k)poly(n). We focus on: •Modeling: since the algorithmic results follow by applying existing algorithms to new models, we shift the focus from the complexity result to the modeling result, highlighting common patterns and tricks which are used.•Optimality program: after giving an FPT algorithm, we are interested in reducing the dependence on the parameter; we show which algorithms and tricks are often useful for speed-ups.•Minding the poly(n): reducing f(k) often has the unintended consequence of increasing poly(n); so we highlight the common trade-offs and show how to get the best of both worlds. Specifically, we consider graphs of bounded neighborhood diversity which are in a sense the simplest of dense graphs, and we show several FPT algorithms for Capacitated Dominating Set, Sum Coloring, Max-q-Cut, and certain other coloring problems by modeling them as convex programs in fixed dimension, n-fold integer programs, bounded dual treewidth programs, indefinite quadratic programs in fixed dimension, parametric integer programs in fixed dimension, and 2-stage stochastic integer programs.

Early College High School/Dual Enrollment 2.0

Urban and Metropolitan Colleges and Universities often serve a population that can benefit from an early college strategy. Colleges serving first-generation and low-income students often have lower retention and graduation rates than their peer institutions, as students from large urban public high schools can struggle to navigate the college classrooms and support system. While students may have achieved respectable GPAs and test scores in their high school buildings, they can fail to translate these skills at the college level, finding themselves on academic probation or worse. As researcher Anthony Jack has described in his landmark study, The Privileged Poor, students coming from large, urban districts are doubly disadvantaged by their experiences in schools; the skills that have allowed these students to get through their high schools are counterproductive at the college level (Jack, 2019).
 Using an evidence-based approach, programs being launched now by colleges and universities focus on the core missions of early college and dual enrollment programs, connecting youth less likely to attend college directly out of high school with powerful programming that propels them towards successful completion of degrees and to the start of their career. This article presents perspectives from a range of institutions (high school, two-year institutions, four-year institutions, and philanthropic investors) that are rethinking these models to maximize community impact and affordability to students and families.

A column generation approach for an emission-oriented vehicle routing problem on a multigraph

In this work, an emission-minimizing vehicle routing problem with heterogeneous vehicles and a heterogeneous road and traffic network is considered as it is typical in urban areas. Depending on the load of the vehicle, there exist multiple emission-minimal arcs for traveling between two locations. To solve the vehicle routing problem efficiently, a column generation approach is presented. At the core of the procedure an emission-oriented elementary shortest path problem on a multigraph is solved by a backward labeling algorithm. It is shown that the labeling algorithm can be sped up by adjusting the dual master program and by restricting the number of labels propagated in the sub-problem. The column generation technique is used to setup a fast heuristic as well as a branch-and-price algorithm. Both procedures are evaluated based on test instances with up to 100 customers. It turns out that the heuristic approach is very effective and generates near-optimal solutions with gaps below 0.1% on average while only requiring a fraction of the runtime of the exact approach.

On nonlinear complementarity problems with applications

In this paper, it is shown that nonlinear complementarity problems has a unique solution if function is continuous and strongly monotone of higher order on nonnegative orthant of finite dimensional Euclidean space. The uniqueness of solution is discussed for both primal and dual for a symmetric dual nonlinear program. A unique nonnegative saddle point for a differentiable scalar function is obtained. Further, we obtained a unique equilibrium point of an n-person game.

Сучасні програми фізичної терапії пацієнтів з діагнозом латеральний епікондиліт на післялікарняному етапі

Goal. To analyze and compare modern evidence-based methods of rehabilitation and their combination for people with ulnar epicondylitis at the post-hospital stage. Research methods. Analysis of literary sources from the scientometric databases of Physiopedia, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PEDro, MEDLINE / PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, systematic analysis, synthesis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature. The results. Among the interventions that were used most often and with high effectiveness in current studies were: patient education, therapeutic exercises to strengthen the muscles of the scapula, wrist, elbow, mobilization of joints, soft tissues, kinesiotaping, and dynamic orthoses. As a rule, they combined therapeutic exercises and joint mobilization, kinesio taping with a home exercise program. However, many studies show limited efficacy of physical therapy and prioritize biological therapy or surgical treatment of LE. Conclusions. In the literature, many approaches to physical therapy of LE are presented, assumptions are made about its ineffectiveness in about 10% of patients who require surgical intervention. However, the problem of the "gold" standard of treatment has not yet been resolved. The most well-established physical therapy program is the dual rehabilitation program, but randomized controlled trials of its effectiveness are still ongoing.

HARMONIOUS INTERMINGLING BETWEEN SCHOOL SUPERVISORY TEAM AND INDUSTRY TRAINING SPECIALISTS

Dual system, as a combined partnership in education between vocational schools and companies is a teeming phenomenon all-over the world. Indonesia is one of the countries that for sometimes has been practicing this system seriously using huge amount of resources all-over the nation. However, the result is not typical for different schools. Originally the researcher was interested in evaluating the implementation of Dual System Program, but after sometimes during qualitative data collection, the researcher was more interested in some important factors affecting the success of dual system. The study shifted to explore key success factors in implementing dual system at YKTB 2 vocational High School in Bogor Indonesia. Using a Discrepancy Evaluation Model (DEM) and beyond, the researcher evaluated the implementation of the System at the Vocational School in Bogor Indonesia and conclude that the success of implementation is very much depends on harmonious association of school supervisory activities and the capability of training specialist in the industry to translate the objective of vocational schools for providing graduates to work in several positions available in the economy.

IMPLEMENTASI NILAI-NILAI MULTIKULTURAL DI SEKOLAH DASAR

The research aims to describe and analyze the implementation of multicultural values in SD Global Inbyra School (GIS) and SD Pelita Harapan Bangsa (PHB).The research method used is the naturalistic inquiry case study approach. Retrieval of data using observations, interviews, and documentation. The validity of the data is done by confirming the results of observations, interviews, documentation. Data credibility testing is done by extending observations, increasing persistence, triangulation of data, member checks, and references. Data analysis uses the interactive model of Miles Huberman.The results showed that the implementation of multicultural values in GIS and PHB as follows 1) was carried out in an integrated manner through intracuricular and extracurricular activities; 2) The role is very dominant shown by the principal, teachers, and students have the same understanding and positive influence in the development of multicultural values as an effort to build the character of students. The differences are (1) in SD GIS: (a) the application of English as the language of instruction makes students familiar with the term English in relation to the use of technology; confident in interacting with strangers / foreigners; (b) implementation of multicultural values through character building subjects; (c) the existence of a dual curriculum program, namely the integration and integration of national and international curricula (cambridge) that balances student potential, opportunities, ethnic background, religious beliefs and ideals to create individuals to socialize with different cultures.

Connecting Ideology and Awareness: Critical Multilingual Awareness in CLIL Contexts

A fundamental influence on content and language integrated learning (CLIL) is how aware educators are of how language is used (educator as User), how language works as a system (educator as Analyst), and how language is taught (educator as Teacher); these three combined comprise a construct referred to as Teacher Language Awareness (TLA; [3, 4, 15]). The current study extends TLA to include socio-historical factors and multilingualism via Critical Multilingual Awareness (CMLA; [21]). Using CMLA as a theoretical framework, the study explores the ways in which CLIL educators (N = 53) in a US public school dual language immersion program responded when prompted to analyze student utterances and in what ways language ideologies emerged in the same CLIL educators’ responses. A survey was implemented to collect educator responses, and qualitative data were analyzed via constant comparative coding and thematic analysis [48]. Findings indicate a range of educator responses with regard to CMLA, as well as articulated trends that reveal ideologies of language standardization and prioritization of varieties that could be considered more “academic” in nature. Implications include a potential need for increased CMLA awareness in CLIL contexts and further investigation into the connections between articulated ideologies and educator practices.

4274 Thirteen Years of Pipeline Programming at the University of Rochester’s Clinical & Translational Science Institute to Train Physician-Scientists

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Physician-scientists play a vital role in biomedical research but this chosen career path has many challenges, such as long training periods and funding. The University of Rochester (UR) CTSI pipeline programs address this by enabling medical trainees to partake in enriched research experiences. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The UR CTSI TL1 is a training grant from the National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS), which funds predoctoral trainees. The TL1-funded physician-scientist pipeline includes the Academic Research Track (ART) year-out program and the Medical Science Training Program (MSTP). We describe the characteristics and training outcomes of TL1-funded trainees. We also obtained testimonials of current and former trainees regarding their career component decision-making, and their perception of programs, in order to identify how best to address the challenges of the physician-scientist workforce, and to facilitate the transition between the clinic and bench. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: From 2006-2019, the UR CTSI has had 56 ART trainees and 17 MSTP trainees complete training; six trainees have transitioned into the MSTP after completing the ART program. As of 2019, 63 of 67 graduated trainees (94%) have continued their engagement in CTS after graduation. Importantly, our programs have facilitated the careers of 31 women (39.7%) and 12 under-represented minorities (15.4%). We will present a breadth of qualitative data to inform which parts of the TL1-related programs have been successful, and which parts could use programmatic improvement to aid the transition into the physician-scientist workforce. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Physician-scientist training barriers in the US have resulted in a shortage of these professionals in the clinical and translation workforce. Our data show the UR CTSI has been successful in addressing several of these challenges via the TL1-funded ART, MSTP, and ART/MSTP dual program pipeline.

‘You don’t speak Spanish in the cafeteria’: an intersectional analysis of language and social constructions in a kindergarten dual language immersion class

ABSTRACT Dual language immersion (DLI) programs have emerged in the U.S. as effective ways to bring together language minority and language majority speakers in school settings with the goal of bilingualism and bi-literacy for all. However, the proliferation of these programs has raised concerns regarding issues of inequity and dissimilar power dynamics in these spaces (Cervantes-Soon, 2014, “A Critical Look at Dual Language Immersion in the New Latin@ Diaspora.” Bilingual Research Journal 37 (1): 64–82; Flores, 2016, Do Black Lives matter in Bilingual Education [Web log post]. Accessed May 1, 2017. https://educationallinguist.wordpress.com/2016/09/11/do-black-lives-matter-in-bilingual-education/; Valdes, 1997, “Dual language immersion programs: A cautionary note concerning the education of language-minority students.” Harvard Educational Review 67: 391–430, 2018, “Analyzing the curricularization of language in two-way immersion education: Restating two cautionary notes.” Bilingual Research Journal). With this in mind, this study aims to shed light on the intricate social processes at work in DLI contexts. In particular, this paper examines first, how notions of language use, race, and ethnicity are socially constructed and intersect in DLI settings; and second, it explores how these ideas are discerned and re-shaped by young children into their own social and linguistic norms. Employing qualitative research methods, this year-long ethnographic case study uses the intersectional lens of raciolinguistics (Alim, Rickford & Ball, 2016, Raciolinguistics: how language shapes our ideas about race. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; Rosa & Flores, 2017, “Unsettling race and language: Toward a raciolinguistic perspective.” Language in Society 46 (5): 621–647), to examine the intricate cross-cutting dynamics at play in bilingual spaces. The exploration of these ideas helps to illuminate the ways in which language practices and interactions are shaped by social constructions from a very early age. Furthermore, it contributes to understandings of social perceptions and relations in multilingual/multicultural/multiethnic contemporary school settings.

How Effective Is the Fixed-Ratio Combination of Insulin Degludec and Liraglutide (IDegLira) in Different Patient Populations, and When Should It Be Used in Clinical Practice?

The efficacy and safety of the fixed-ratio combination of insulin degludec (degludec) and liraglutide (IDegLira) were confirmed in the DUAL clinical trial program, in which IDegLira demonstrated superior or noninferior glycemic control over comparators in addition to its low risks of hypoglycemia and weight gain. This article identifies the patient types for whom IDegLira is most appropriate by reviewing the DUAL results and subsequent post hoc analyses and presenting real-world cases in which IDegLira has been used effectively in U.S. clinical practice. In the clinic, IDegLira has been used effectively when patients wanted to avoid more complex injectable regimens, particularly those with renal insufficiency for whom treatment options are limited.

Breaking new ground? The dual (PhD-DNP) doctoral degree in Nursing.

1) Provide background information on the PhD-DNP dual doctoral degree, specifically historical perspectives and existing programs; 2) Describe one PhD-DNP program as an exemplar to illustrate program data challenges and solutions; and 3) Discuss the national landscape of the dual doctoral degree program. PhD-DNP dual doctoral degree programs have existed for 10years; there are five known programs nationally. Reported here for one dual doctoral degree program are data collected from the program's inception (2010) through 2019. These data include demographic program characteristics, time to degree, and achievements during and after the program. Challenges pertaining to mentorship, progression to degree, socialization and student productivity also are described. Strategies for moving the dual degree forward nationally depend on a collaborative effort for data generation and collection from existing PhD-DNP programs. These data can be instrumental for seeking funding for dual doctoral degree programs. The dual PhD-DNP degree has not yet gained a foothold nationally. There is demand for the program by nursing doctoral students and availability of these programs is slowly increasing. National nursing leaders and organizations can consider developing metrics and collecting data that will lend support to future funding initiatives for the dual degree.

A Longitudinal Study Examining Dual Enrollment as a Strategy for Easing the Transition to College and Career for Emerging Adults

Successfully transitioning to adulthood requires a successful transition from high school into college or the workforce. Yet for many emerging adults, this transition is not successful, leading to disengagement from school and work. Dual enrollment, where high school students enroll in college coursework, may help to facilitate this important life transition. This study applied propensity score matching to statewide administrative data to investigate the effects of dual enrollment on college and early labor market outcomes. We found a significant effect of dual enrollment on 2-year and 4-year college enrollment, degree attainment, and early labor market earnings 6 years after high school, with stronger effects for students who are traditionally underrepresented (e.g., Black and Other race students and students eligible for free and reduced price meals). This study highlights the potential for targeting dual enrollment programs toward underrepresented students to improve the transition into college and the workforce for emerging adults.

Chinese Students’ Proneness to Acculturative Stress in a Dual Degree Program

In this article, the acculturative stress issues that Chinese students can encounter in a dual degree program will be presented. The objective is to create awareness of what international students go through during their college years and attempt to address the possible issues. Temporary complications can be encountered by students from other countries who decide to complete a degree in an American school [1]. However, students can work on their areas of strengths and weaknesses to overcome these challenges. This article will suggest ways to manage these difficulties and ways to avoid acculturative stress.

Multiconstrained Finite-Horizon Piecewise Deterministic Markov Decision Processes with Unbounded Transition Rates

This paper studies a multiconstrained problem for piecewise deterministic Markov decision processes (PDMDPs) with unbounded cost and transition rates. The goal is to minimize one type of expected finite-horizon cost over history-dependent policies while keeping some other types of expected finite-horizon costs lower than some tolerable bounds. Using the Dynkin formula for the PDMDPs, we obtain an equivalent characterization of occupancy measures and express the expected finite-horizon costs in terms of occupancy measures. Under suitable assumptions, the existence of constrained-optimal policies is shown, the linear programming formulation and its dual program for the constrained problem are derived, and the strong duality between the two programs is established. An example is provided to demonstrate our results.

Gender Can Influence Student Experiences in MD-PhD Training.

Background: Female physician-scientists have led major advances in medicine broadly and particularly in women's health. Women remain underrepresented in dual MD-PhD degree programs that train many physician-scientists despite gender parity among medical and biomedical research students. Materials and Methods: To explore how the training environment might be experienced differently for male and female students in one MD-PhD program, the authors analyzed gender differences in annual symposium speakers with exact binomial tests, student participation as question-askers at a weekly seminar with logistic regression, and number of publications with quasi-Poisson generalized linear models. They compared male and female students' perceptions of gender-based discrimination using a survey, including qualitative analysis of free text responses. The program consisted of 71 total students in the 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 academic years. Female students comprised 42.0% (81/191) of program matriculants from 1997 to 2019. Results: Male and female students were equally likely to present at the annual program symposium, but faculty (p = 0.001) and keynote (p = 0.012) presenters were more likely to be male. Compared with male counterparts, female students asked fewer seminar questions (p < 0.005) and female speakers received more questions (p = 0.03). Female students perceived less support and differed from men in reasons for asking or not asking seminar questions. Free text responses described repeated small acts of discrimination toward women with cumulative impact. Positive program changes followed presentation of findings to program leaders and students. Conclusions: The authors identified several aspects of one MD-PhD program that could discourage career or training persistence of female students. Increasing awareness of these issues was temporally related to positive programmatic changes.

Convex Programs for Minimal-Area Problems

The minimal-area problem that defines string diagrams in closed string field theory asks for the metric of least area on a Riemann surface with the condition that all non-contractible closed curves have length at least \(2\pi \). This is an extremal length problem in conformal geometry as well as a problem in systolic geometry. We consider the analogous minimal-area problem for homology classes of curves and, with the aid of calibrations and the max flow-min cut theorem, formulate it as a local convex program. We derive an equivalent dual program involving maximization of a concave functional. These two programs give new insights into the form of the minimal-area metric and are amenable to numerical solution. We explain how the homology problem can be modified to provide the solution to the original homotopy problem.

Evaluation of Vocational High School Dual System Education (DSE) in Improving the Competitiveness of Manpower in the Manufacturing Industry Sector in East Java Province

The increase in Indonesia’s competitiveness ranking in 2018 is one indicator of improving the quality of industry and vocational education in Indonesia. However, the quality of the Indonesian workforce is still not good enough, even declining. The Dual System Education Program at the Vocational High School level is an important factor in solving unemployment problems and improving the quality and competitiveness of human resources in Indonesia. This study uses the correlation of the DSE cost index with the competitiveness index of the manufacturing industry in the provinces of Indonesia. The significant positive correlation between the two variables indicates that an increase in the budget for training and certification costs in Dual System Education in Vocational High Schools will increase business competitiveness in the manufacturing industry sector. In addition, this study also looks at the correlation between the DSE cost index and the open unemployment rate for vocational high school graduates in East Java Province. Both variables show a negative correlation, but not significant. This means that the dual system education budget does not significantly affect the open unemployment rate for vocational high school graduates between districts/cities in East Java Province. Improvements in budget allocations, training, apprenticeship systems, certification, curriculum, and collaboration with the business world in the Dual System Education system (DSE) of Vocational High Schools in East Java Province are expected to be able to make vocational education graduates have competencies that are in line with market demand and are ready to work. work so as to increase the competitiveness of the manufacturing industry.

Empirical Asset Pricing: Economic Significance and Economic Model Evaluation

Harvey (2017) and The American Statistical Association (2016) point out that business decisions should not be based only on whether the p-value of an empirical model passes a specific threshold and that statistical significance (p-value) cannot measure the size of an effect or the importance of a result. In other words, for economic problems economic significance is required and an economic model evaluation criterion is desirable. This paper derives a criterion for economic significance of valuation differences between empirical models and shows empirically that nearly all empirical models applied in business valuation are dis-similar, i.e., result in economically significant valuation differences. Motivated by the degree of dis-similarity between empirical models, an economic model evaluation criterion is developed. It judges the implicit economic assumptions revealed by computing the dual program of empirical models with the help of compliance with the economic principle and fit to institutional circumstances. Based on this economic model evaluation criterion our paper elaborates that within the group of cross-sectional price models quantile regression proves to be the best model because it is able to offer a good approximation to the economic principle and mimics best the institutional circumstances, in particular, if the regression is run without a constant. On the other hand, statistically more advanced models like generalized least squares regression deteriorates the implied economic content of models.