Dual Band-notched Characteristics Research Articles

A miniaturized UWB antenna with reconfigurable dual band notch characteristics

In this paper, a miniaturized ultrawideband (UWB) antenna with dual reconfigurable band notch characteristics is proposed. Band rejections at 5G (3.3−4.4 GHz)/WiMAX (3.3−3.6 GHz) and WLAN (5.150−5.825 GHz) are obtained by introducing two C-shaped slots on the radiating patch of the antenna. Reconfigurable dual band notch function is achieved by integrating two PIN diodes on the slots. By etching a nested structure of C-shaped slots, an efficient top-cut circular-shaped radiating patch is designed, which realizes a compact size of 18.0 mm×19.5 mm. The proposed antenna operates in 4 states in the case of common interference scenarios. The simulated and experimental results show that the bandwidths of notch bands in single band notch states are 3.2−4.9 GHz and 5.2−6.0 GHz respectively, while the bandwidths of notch bands in dual band notch state are 3.25−4.75 GHz and 5.3−6.1 GHz. The antenna also exhibits a good radiation pattern with a maximum peak gain value of 2.8 dBi. dBi.

Computational Design, Analysis and Characterization of Beetle Shaped High Isolation Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output Reconfigurable Monopole-Antenna with Dual Band Filters for Wireless Applications

In this research article, a beetle shape Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna including dual notched band characteristics are presented for different wireless band applications (UWB, X-Band and Ku Band) which are also experimentally and computationally investigated. A single evoluation antenna is demonstrated which is than converted to MIMO configuration to overcome the demerits when placed in communication channel. The overall volume of the proposed antenna is 25 × 48 × 0.787 mm3 printed on Rogers RT Duroid5870. Dual notched bands are obtained by etching an L-shaped slot on a radiating patch for WiMAX interference and satellite Downlink System interference (DSS) is removed by placing pair of C-shaped parasitic elements near the feed line. The proposed antenna offers measured isolation between two ports less than − 20 dB in entire operating bandwidth (2.57–19.15 GHz). At non-radiating mode, the radiation efficiency of antenna drops down due to the insertion of stop and filters. The wider impedance bandwidth of the antenna suggest that it is not only capable of working in UWB range but also finds applications in X- and Ku-Band applications allocated for Satellite and RADAR. An antenna is also reconfigured using PIN diodes to control each notched bands independently. Proposed MIMO antenna also offers better diversity performance in terms of ECC 9.95 dB, TARC < − 40 dB and CCL < 0.4 b/s/Hz in entire operating bandwidth. The antenna also offers a gain of 3.11–4.92dBi and desired radiation pattern making it a suitable candidate for different wireless applications.

Shape Memory Alloy-Based Frequency Reconfigurable Ultrawideband Antenna for Cognitive Radio Systems

The present work demonstrates a frequency reconfigurable planar antenna with narrowband and ultra-wideband (UWB) characteristics for cognitive radio systems. The designed antenna has a dimension of $60\times 58\times1.6$ mm3 with a ground plane made of nickel–titanium (Ni–Ti) shape memory alloy (SMA). The antenna operates at a flat condition with frequency 1.46 GHz. Bending the SMA ground plane at an angle of 200° with a transformation temperature of 66 °C. The same antenna operates over 3.4–10.2-GHz UWB range. This is due to the SMA phase transformation between martensite and austenite via resistive heating/cooling. The insertion of rectangular slits in the antenna creates dual band-notched characteristics 4.7–5.1 and 5.3–6.0 GHz with VSWR $S_{{11 {}}} dB. This creates a different working frequency leading to frequency reconfiguration. Details about the proposed antenna have been discussed along with measured and simulation results.

Planar suspended line technique based UWB-MIMO antenna having dual-band notching characteristics

AbstractThis communication reports significant isolation improvement utilizing planar suspended line (PSL) technique in ultra wideband (UWB) antenna for Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) application. The antenna exhibits dual-band notched characteristic in Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) band covering 5.45–5.85 GHz range; and in 7.15–7.95 GHz range for X-band downlink operations in satellite communication. Band-notching characteristics have been obtained by employing a single Elliptical Split Ring Resonator (ESSR) placed adjacent to each microstrip feed line of the radiating element and duo of “Y”-shaped strips employed within the circular ring of individual radiating elements. Two elements antenna occupy a compact space of 20 × 36 × 1.6 mm3 exhibiting huge measured impedance bandwidth (S11/S22 &lt; −10 dB) covering 3.1–11.5 GHz and significant isolation of &gt;21 dB in the almost entire band of operation. The electrical performance of antennas has been analyzed in terms of various MIMO parameters. Measured results demonstrate good accord with simulated results proving the competency of proposed antenna in high-density package systems and massive MIMO applications.

Simulation and fabrication of a high-isolation very compact MIMO antenna for ultra-wide band applications with dual band-notched characteristics

In this paper a very compact dual band-notched two-port multiple-input multiple-output antenna with low mutual coupling is presented for portable ultra-wideband systems. This antenna with overall size 18 × 35 × 1.6 mm3, consist of two identical monopole elements which fed by two 50 Ω coplanar waveguide lines and fabricated adjacent to each other on the top side of a FR-4 substrate with shared ground plane. To reduce the mutual coupling between elements, a rectangular stub was introduced between them and then it modified to a T-shaped stub. For further reduction, a rectangular slot etched out of the connected ground plane. Due to the results, proposed antenna achieves wide impedance bandwidth at each port, from 2.3 to 12 GHz covering the whole UWB spectrum except at two eliminating bands. Although this antenna has small size and simple structure, the mutual coupling between elements is lower than −20 dB. By etching out two rectangular single complementary split-ring resonators from the radiating patch, dual band-notched characteristics are obtained in WiMAX and WLAN bands. Envelope correlation coefficient of less than 0.035, nearly omnidirectional pattern, 90% radiation efficiency despite lossy substrate, high multiplexing efficiency (>−1 dB) except at two notches and peak gain near 6dBi are some other characteristics of this design.

Analysis and design of a compact ultra-wideband antenna with WLAN and X-band satellite notch

&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;A compact design of ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with dual band-notched characteristics based on split-ring resonators (SRR) are investigated in this paper. The wider impedance bandwidth (from 2.73 to 11.34 GHz) is obtained by using two symmetrical slits in the radiating patch and another slit in the partial ground plane. The dual band-notch rejection at WLAN and X-band downlink satellite communication system are obtained by inserting a modified U-strip on the radiating patch at 5.5 GHz and embedding a pair of rectangular SRRs on both sides of the microstrip feed line at 7.5 GHz, respectively. The proposed antenna is simulated and tested using CST MWS high frequency simulator and exhibits the advantages of compact size, simple design and each notched frequency band can be controlled independently by using the SRR geometrical parameters. Therefore, the parametric study is carried out to understand the mutual coupling between the dual band-notched elements. To validate simulation results of our design, a prototype is fabricated and good agreement is achieved between measurement and simulation. Furthermore, a radiation patterns, satisfactory gain, current distribution and VSWR result at the notched frequencies make the proposed antenna a suitable candidate for practical UWB applications.&lt;/span&gt;

Design of a Compact Microstrip Patch Antenna with Dual Notched Characteristics

The paper presents a microstrip patch antenna with dual band-notched characteristics. The proposed antenna is fed by a thin microstrip patch and provides band-notched characteristics by etching 2 symmetric C-shaped notches and one hollow cylindrical arc-shaped notch and notched partial ground. The antenna size was 30×19 mm2, covering a range from 2.8-12.3 GHz. The UWB covers a large band of frequencies including WLAN band (4.75-5 GHz) and the X-Band (7.75-8.35 GHz). To prevent interference with the operation of our antenna and devices operating in these bands, the frequencies are rejected through notches in the antenna. The simulated results show that the VSWR of the antenna is &lt;-10 in the radiating bandwidth. This can be used in wireless applications.

Electromagnetic bandgap structure and split ring slot‐based monopole antenna for ultra‐wideband applications with dual band notch characteristics

AbstractReduced lightweight microstrip patch antennas have attracted considerable attention in ultra‐wideband (UWB) applications. In this article, a novel modified circular ultra‐wideband monopole antenna with dual‐band notch characteristics is proposed. A circular split‐ring slot and a mushroom‐electromagnetic bandgap‐type structure are employed to realize the dual‐band notch characteristics. The proposed antenna exhibits the bandwidth of 2.0‐12 GHz with a Voltage Standing Wave Ratio &lt;2 except at the WiMAX band of 3.2‐3.7 GHz and wireless local area network band of 5.1‐5.8 GHz. The simulated and measured results of the proposed antenna, along with the design parameters, are reported and discussed in detail. The results show that the antenna is suitable for UWB applications.

A compact dual band-notched SWB antenna with high bandwidth dimension ratio

AbstractIn this research, a compact dual band-notched (DBN) super-wideband (SWB) coplanar waveguide-fed antenna with high bandwidth (BW) dimension ratio of 7427.4 has been presented. The proposed antenna covers a very wide frequency range from 2.8 to 40 GHz (BW ratio of 14.28:1) with |S11|&lt;−10 dB. The overall antenna size is 20 × 14 × 1.6 mm3 which consists of an FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4, a shovel-shaped radiating patch and the symmetric stair-shaped ground plane. The DBN characteristics are achieved by employing a pair of C-shaped and circular slots on its shovel-shaped radiating patch to reject the interferences caused by two WiMAX (3.7–4.7 GHz) and WLAN (5.7–6.4 GHz) bands. The notched frequency bands can be controlled by changing the radii of slots. The SWB property of the antenna is obtained by using a symmetric stair-shaped ground plane and also a shovel-shaped radiating patch. The measured results of the fabricated prototype in frequency-and time-domain are also presented and compared with the numerical results. The results indicate that the antenna has good performance over the entire operating BW (173.8%) which makes it very potential candidate for modern SWB applications.

Design of a compact UWB-MIMO antenna with high isolation and dual band-notched characteristics

A compact UWB-MIMO antenna with dual band-notched behaviors is proposed. The bending and E-shaped meander structures are introduced to broaden the bandwidth. Two circular patches are placed orthogonally and dual U-shaped branches are added for reducing the mutual couplings. Dual notches are achieved by embedding two L-shaped slots in the elements. The simulated and measured results show that the antenna has the wider impedance bandwidths of 2.68–12.50 GHz (Element 1) and 2.82–11.20 GHz (Element 2) except two notched bands. The notched bands of 5.12–5.81 GHz and 7.06–8.03 GHz are achieved for the element 1. The notched bands of 5.08–5.83 GHz and 7.02–7.98 GHz are achieved for the element 2. These notched bands accurately cover the WLAN band and X-band. Furthermore, the antenna obtains higher isolation, smaller envelope correlation coefficient, higher radiating efficiency, acceptable peak realized gain, and stable radiation patterns. Therefore, the antenna is suitable for building the UWB-MIMO communication systems with good performance.

Design and Analysis of MIMO Antenna with High Isolation and Dual Notched Band Characteristics for Wireless Applications

A very compact Superwideband multiple-input–multiple-output antenna with dual notched band characteristics is presented. Superwideband characteristics is obtained by means of radiating patch and high isolation between two input ports are obtained by using T-shaped stub in ground plane. Two rejection bands (wireless interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX)/C-band and wireless local area network) are obtained by etching two elliptical slots on radiating patch. Antenna offers large measured useable bandwidth of 2.60–20.04 GHz. Diversity performance is studied in terms of envelope correlation coefficient, diversity gain and total active reflection coefficient. Antenna also offers desirable radiation pattern, gain and radiation efficiency which makes proposed antenna quite suitable for different wireless applications.

A Review of Ultra Wideband Antennas with Band Notched Characteristics

The rapid growth has been observed over the last decades in the field of Ultra-wideband technologies. Due to the large bandwidth and less power consumption UWB system provides an eccentric solution for wireless communication of short range in both reception and transmission. The printed monopole antenna has been preferred for implementing UWB technology due to its distinct features such as ease of fabrication, light weight, low cost, compatibility with other systems etc. Basic requirement for designing these antennas is to avoid the interference by applying the notch band characteristic using different techniques. These techniques are continuously upgraded to improve the performance of the antenna designed under UWB technology with band notch characteristics. In this manuscript, an extensive literature review has been studied and presented on UWB antenna with band rejection characteristics proposed by distinct researchers in the last decade. In the reviewed literature, the existing UWB antennas has been characterized according to notch bands and classified into various categories such as single, dual and triple band notch characteristics. Further, the different techniques applied by the researchers are also explained in detail in the sub-sections. Moreover, the design of different types of UWB antennas has also been discussed in this paper, which may be helpful for the future research work.

Comments on “Tapered Fed Compact UWB MIMO-Diversity Antenna With a Dual Band-Notched Characteristics”

In this comments, the authors assure that (9) is not appropriate to compute the total active reflection coefficient, and present the correct expression.

An ultra-compact two-port UWB-MIMO antenna with dual band-notched characteristics

In this paper, an ultra-compact two-port MIMO antenna working in the frequency range of 3.1–10.6 GHz with dual band-notched characteristics is presented. The MIMO antenna consists of two identical octagonal-shaped radiating elements placed adjacent to each other with a connected ground plane. The overall size of the proposed two-port UWB-MIMO antenna is 19 × 30 × 0.8 mm3. In the ground plane of antenna elements, a T-shaped stub is introduced to create band-notch at 5.5 GHz. Also, an open-ended half-guided-wavelength resonator slot is introduced along the upper edge of the octagonal radiator to obtain a broader notched-band (4.37–5.95 GHz). The second band-notch is created around 7 GHz (6.52–7.45 GHz) by etching another open-ended slot from the radiating patch. The two-notch bands reject interference due to HiperLAN, WiMAX, INSAT/Super-extended C-band, downlink of X-band satellite communication and RFID service bands. A pair of L-shaped slits are introduced in the feed line to improve impedance matching, for the frequency band available between the two notches. The proposed design is fabricated on an FR-4 substrate and minimum isolation greater than 18 dB (a major portion >22 dB) and envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) less than 0.13 are obtained. The antenna gain varies in the range of 1.2–2.91 dBi with a variation of 1.71 dBi only. A radiation efficiency, greater than 70% is achieved throughout the operating frequency band.

UWB elliptical patch monopole antenna with dual-band notched characteristics

&lt;p class="Default"&gt;In this paper, a new approach to the design of an UWB monopole antenna with dual band-notched characteristics is presented. The antenna has the form of an elliptical monopole over a ground plane having an elliptical slot to achieve the UWB. The dual-band notch function is created by inserting a U-shaped and a C-shaped slots on the radiating patch, thus no extra size is needed. The proposed antenna shows a good omnidirectional radiation pattern across the band from 3.2 to more than 14 GHz. The dual band-rejection is for 4.88-5.79GHz centered at 5.4GHz and 7.21-8.46 GHz centered at 7.8 GHz. The antenna prototype using the FR-4 substrate with ε&lt;sub&gt;r&lt;/sub&gt;=4.3 has a compact size of 25mm×25 mm ×1.45mm. The fabricated prototype showed experimental results comparable to those obtained from the simulations.&lt;/p&gt;

Dual-Notched Monopole Antenna Using DGS for WLAN and Wi-MAX Applications

In this paper, a wideband printed polygon-shaped monopole antenna has been designed using microstrip line feeding technique which provides dual-notch band characteristics (2.98–3.19[Formula: see text]GHz) and (3.62–5.00[Formula: see text]GHz) by the use of slots geometry in both the patch and the ground plane. The results of the antenna have been compared both with and without slots in both planes. The initial antenna without DGS and slots in the patch was made to work in the frequency range from 2.56–5.98[Formula: see text]GHz having impedance bandwidth of about 80.09%. The proposed antenna can be made usable for multi-band applications such as WLAN (2.4/3.2/5.2/5.8[Formula: see text]GHz) and Wi-MAX (3.5 and 5.5[Formula: see text]GHz) applications providing fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 85.36% (2.33–5.80[Formula: see text]GHz) and maximum peak gain of 5.65[Formula: see text]dBi at 3.50[Formula: see text]GHz. The value of return loss obtained is about 53.36[Formula: see text]dB at 2.56[Formula: see text]GHz. Prototype of the final antenna is fabricated and the results are verified with the simulated ones.

Design and Implementation of Dual Notch Band Characteristics in UWB Antenna for Wireless Personal Communications

Design and Implementation of Dual Notch Band Characteristics in UWB Antenna for Wireless Personal Communications

Reconfigurable dual notch band antenna on Si-substrate integrated with RF MEMS SP4T switch for GPS, 3G, 4G, bluetooth, UWB and close range radar applications

In this paper, a reconfigurable co-planner waveguide (CPW) fed circular shaped monopole ultra wide band (UWB) antenna with dual band notch characteristics based on silicon substrate is presented. The dual notch band characteristics are realized by inserting two slots, namely, U- and I-shaped, in the circular radiating patch to switch-off the WiMAX IEEE 802.16 (3.30–3.80 GHz) and WLAN IEEE 802.11a/h/j/n (5.15–5.35 GHz, 5.25–5.35 GHz, 5.47–5.725 GHz, 5.725–5.825 GHz) respectively. The reconfigurability from antenna is achieved by integrating the radio frequency micro-electro mechanical system based single pole four through (RF MEMS SP4T) switch in the U- and I-shaped slots of radiating patch. The measured results demonstrate the bandwidth of 0.68–16.23 GHz resulting in fractional bandwidth of 183.91%, and are well in accordance with the simulation results. The gain of proposed antenna varies from 2.58 to 5.05 dBi with radiation efficiency of 83–95% and exhibits the omnidirectional like pattern in H-plane and nearly dipole like pattern in the E-plane. Further, the performance of proposed antenna is analyzed by implementing an equivalent RLC resonant circuit model in both the frequency and time domain.

Ultrawideband circularly polarized antenna with dual band‐notched characteristics

This article presents an ultrawideband (UWB) crossed dipole antenna with circularly polarized (CP) and dual band-notched characteristics. The proposed design is based on two orthogonal tapered dipoles for UWB CP operation and a square-shaped cavity for high broadside gain over the entire operating bandwidth (BW). To generate dual band-notched characteristics, two separated slots are inserted into each dipole's arm. This antenna yields measured impedance BW of 100% (3.2-9.6 GHz) with dual-band rejection centered at 5.2 and 5.8 GHz. Correspondingly, dual rejected bands are also observed in the original UWB CP band, which ranges from 3.2 to 8.2 GHz. Additionally, the proposed antenna exhibits high broadside gains better than 6.2 dBic and radiation efficiency greater than 82%.

Design and Analysis of Dual Notch Band Ultra-Wide Band Antenna Using Complementary Split Ring Resonator for Wireless Applications

Design of a novel compact microstrip patch antenna for Ultra-Wide Band with dual notch band characteristics is proposed in this paper. The Split Ring Resonator and Complementary Split Ring Resonator of different sizes are etched on the circular radiating patch, and by adjusting the dimensions of the resonator, the proposed antenna performance is improved. A full-wave electromagnetic tool has been used to analyze the effects of different parameters (radius of the patch, width of the feed, the overall size of the antenna and radius of CSRR) on the antenna performance. To validate the design, the proposed antenna is fabricated on a low-cost laminate of FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and 1.6 mm thickness. The measured return loss, VSWR and radiation pattern are in good agreement with the fabricated UWB antenna.