Performance Of Dual Fuel Engine Research Articles

Multi-objective optimization of performance and emissions characteristics of a variable compression ratio diesel engine running with biogas-diesel fuel using response surface techniques

ABSTRACT Rapidly intensifying necessitates of energy and depletion of accessible fossil resources has made a remarkable interest in investigation of the alternative fuels. The current investigational work was performed to examine the use of multi-objective optimization (MOP) based on response surface methodology (RSM) to investigate the impact of compression ratio (CR), biogas flow rate and engine load on the performance of dual-fuel engine. An engine load of 80%, compression ratio of 18, and biogas flow rate of 2.8 kg/h were observed to be optimal condition. According to these optimized parameters, the value of BTE, NOX, UHC, CO and smoke opacity were found to be 18.51(%), 13.5 (g/kW.hr), 0.49 (g/kW.hr), CO (0.08% vol.) and 23.6 (%), respectively. Compared with conventional diesel fuel, dual-fuel operational mode can improve brake specific energy consumption and reduce NOX as well as Smoke opacity, while producing higher emissions of CO and UHC.

Experimental Investigation on Dual Fuel Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics using Diesel and Mosambi Peel Pyro Oil with Oxygen Concentration

Experimental Investigation on Dual Fuel Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics using Diesel and Mosambi Peel Pyro Oil with Oxygen Concentration

Find the Performance of Dual Fuel Engine Followed by Waste Cooking Oil Blends with Acetylene

In the present scenario owing to the depletion of fossil fuel and at the same time increase in demand averts the researchers towards the alternative fuel. Various investigation is being carried out to find the most suitable alternate for the fossil fuel in IC engine, which satisfies the demand, improves the performance and decreases the emission. This paper deals with the dual fuel mode. Tests were performed at single cylinder fore stroke dual fuel diesel engine with blends of acetylene in different proportions (0.199 kg/hr,0.394 kg/hr and 0.588 kg/hr) with 20% waste cooking oil at a rated injection pressure of 200bar.The result shows the increased in BTE and decreased BSFC and exhaust gas temperature, furtherance the decrease in NOx and CO are observed as the amount of acetylene increases. BTE increases because of lower auto ignition temperature and high calorific value of acetylene. Graphs were obtained based on the performance of the engine and B20 with 0.394 kg/hr of acetylene is concluded to be optimum, B20 with 0.199 kg/hr shows the result similar to diesel operation, at B20 with 0.588 kg/hr the increase in the knocking effect was observed.

Investigation on influence of thermal barrier coating on diesel engine performance and emissions in dual-fuel mode using upgraded biogas

In the present investigation, we used semidried banana leaves to produce biogas through anaerobic digestion where the methane content in biogas reached up to 87% via a scrubber fabricated with packed bed iron chips for removal of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide. The diesel engine was converted to run in dual-fuel mode under variation of biogas flow rate at different engine loads. Yttria stabilized zirconia was used as thermal barrier coating (TBC) on piston crown and valves to improve the performance of dual-fuel engine. It was observed that engine with TBC has shown an improved combustion and performance characteristics for dual-fuel operation with reduction in exhaust emissions. The brake thermal efficiency at full load operation is decreased by 23, 29 and 34% for uncoated engine with induction of biogas at 0.6, 0.8 and 1 kg h− 1, respectively, while this decrease is minimized to 10, 12 and 19% for coated engine at the corresponding flow rates with respect to base result. In uncoated engine the carbon monoxide emission at highest engine load is increased by 35, 35 and 40% of the respective biogas flow rates, while in coated engine, the percentage of increase is reduced to 25, 28 and 33% as compared to diesel mode operation. Similar trends were observed for unburnt hydrocarbon emissions, while nitric oxide emissions increased for coated engine in both modes of operation.

Fuel efficiency enhancement of modified diesel engine operated in dual fuel mode using renewable and sustainable fuels

ABSTRACTRenewable and sustainable fuels for diesel engine applications provide energy protection, overseas exchange saving and address atmospheric and socio-economic concerns. This study presents the investigational work carried out on a single cylinder, four-stroke, direct injection diesel engine operated in dual fuel (DF) mode using renewable and sustainable fuels. In the first phase, a Y-shaped mixing chamber or venture was developed with varied angle facility for gas entry at 30°, 45° and 60°, respectively, to enable homogeneous air and gas mixing. Further effect of different gas and air mixture entry on the DF engine performance was studied. In the next phase of the work, hydrogen flow rate influence on the combustion and emission characteristics of a compression ignition (CI) engine operated in DF mode using diesel, neem oil methyl ester (NeOME) and producer gas has been investigated. During experimentation, hydrogen was mixed in different proportions varied from 3 to 12 l/min (lpm) in step of 3 lpm along with air-producer gas and the mixtures were directly inducted into engine cylinder during suction stroke. Experimental investigation showed that 45° Y-shaped mixing chamber resulted in improved performance with acceptable emission levels. Further, it is observed that investigation showed that at maximum operating conditions and hydrogen flow rate of 9 lpm, Diesel–producer gas and NeOME–producer gas combination showed increased thermal efficiency by 13.2% and 3.8%, respectively, compared to the DF operation without hydrogen addition. Further, it is noticed that hydrogen-enriched producer gas lowers the power derating by 5–10% and increases nitric oxide (NOx) emissions. However, increased hydrogen addition beyond the 12 lpm leads to sever knocking.Abbreviations: NeOME: Neem oil methyl ester; BTE: brake thermal efficiency; CI: compression ignition; ITE: indicated thermal efficiency; PG: producer gas; CA: crank angle; K: Kelvin; BP: brake power; IP: indicated power; H2: hydrogen; HC: unburnt hydrocarbon; CO: carbon dioxide; CO2: carbon dioxide; NOx: nitric oxide; HRR: heat release rate; %: percentage; PPM: parts per million; CMFIS: conventional mechanical fuel injection system.

Optimization of exhaust emissions from marine engine fueled with LNG/diesel using response surface methodology

ABSTRACTFor accurately analyzing the emission performance of dual-fuel engine, an experimental scheme was designed based on response surface methodology, and the central composite design was applied to this study. Speed and load were used as the influencing factors, and NOX, CO, CO2, and HC were the corresponding responses. Data of dual-fuel engine emissions were utilized to set up mathematical model to analyze the emission characteristics of engine. Results of data analysis were found to match the original engine’s emissions. The significance of the model test showed that P-values of mathematic model are less than 0.05, which verified the validity of the designed model. Speed of 800 r/min and load of 64% were found to have better emission performance with higher desirability of 65.4% for the tested engine. Corresponding emissions were 0.16% of CO, 3.97% of CO2, 463.92 ppm of NOX, and 224.27 ppm of HC.

Effect of Compression Ratio Improvement on the Performance of Dual Fuel Engine

The consumption of diesel fuel is increasing every year. As an alternative fuel, CNG has been used in engines. The objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of compression ratio improvement on a dual fuel engine. The method in this investigation is based on experiments to develop a new piston. The best results occur at CR 1:16 compared with original CR 1:18. The result shown that the CR improvement has been decreased of the SFOC and increased of the torque and power of dual fuel engine.

Toward an Improvement of Natural Gas-diesel Dual Fuel Engine Operation at Part Load Condition by Detail CFD Simulation

Natural gas-diesel dual fuel combustion is a beneficial strategy for achieving high efficient and low emissions operation in compression ignition engines, especially in genset application heavy duty diesel engine at rated power. This study aims to investigate a dual fuel engine performance and emissions using premixed natural gas and early direct injection of diesel fuel. Due to the different reactivities of natural gas and diesel fuels, the mentioned dual fuel combustion is based on reactivity controlled compression igniton (RCCI) which is introduced whitin the cylinder. A six-cylinder direct injection (DI) diesel engine was properly modified to run on dual-fuel mode. Based on experimental study, comparative results are given for various operating modes; conventional diesel mode, convential dual-fuel mode, and RCCI mode; revealing the effect of combustion mode on performance and emission characteristics in a compression ignition engine. The results show that the conventional dual fuel combustion reduces nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions but suffers from higher carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbon (HC) emissions in compared to conventional diesel mode at part load condition. Results of detailed assessment of different dual fuel modes with CFD model coupled with chemical kinetic mechanism reaveled that RCCI strategy led to higher combustion efficiency as well as lower HC and CO emissions compared to conventional dual fuel combustion at part load condition.

Characterization of reaction zone growth in an optically accessible heavy-duty diesel/methane dual-fuel engine

The performance of dual-fuel engines in terms of fuel conversion efficiency and unburned hydrocarbon emission is strongly influenced by the turbulent flame propagation through the premixed natural gas. To improve dual-fuel engine design and provide validation data for numerical models, the fuel conversion process must be better characterized, specifically the reaction zone growth rate. In this work, high-speed imaging of OH*-chemiluminescence is performed in an optically accessible 2 L engine operated with port-injected CH4 and direct-injected diesel for different diesel and CH4 fueling rates and pilot injection pressures ( Ppilot). The cumulative histogram time series is introduced for directly comparing high-speed optical data of dual-fuel combustion with simultaneously measured apparent heat release rate. The cumulative histogram time series diagram is also used to evaluate a “global” reaction zone speed, SRZ,g, based on OH*-chemiluminescence images. The SRZ,g calculation normalizes the reaction zone area growth rate by the perimeter of the reaction zone to determine the velocity scale, while a “local” reaction zone speed, SRZ,l, is based on the local displacement of the reaction zone boundary per unit time. From the distribution of SRZ,l for each image frame, a previously proposed metric for determining the transition from pilot autoignition based on apparent heat release rate was validated and used to evaluate a single mean flame propagation speed, [Formula: see text]. Using these metrics, it was noted that increasing ϕCH4 from 0.40 to 0.69 results in an increase in [Formula: see text] from 4 to 8 m/s and 8 to 14 m/s for pilot injection pressures of 300 and 1300 bar, respectively. The spatial distribution of SRZ,l also indicates that autoignition of the pilot jets is not simultaneous (arising from asymmetric injector geometry) and leads to an overlap of the autoignition and flame propagation processes. This is not considered in the conventional conceptual model of dual-fuel combustion and impacts calculation of [Formula: see text] for the small diesel injections commonly used for dual-fuel engines.

Effect of hydrogen fuel flow rate, fuel injection timing and exhaust gas recirculation on the performance of dual fuel engine powered with renewable fuels

Abstract The current experimental study is an effort to reduce the engine out emissions from compression ignition (CI) engines powered by a combination of renewable liquid and gaseous fuels. Hydrogen (H2) is a clean burning fuel and seems a very popular gaseous fuel for CI engine applications as it can replace large amount of liquid-injected pilot fuels in dual fuel (DF) engines. The study investigates the effect of hydrogen fuel flow rate (HFFR) along with honge biodiesel (BHO) or cotton seed biodiesel (BCO), fuel injection timing (IT) and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on engine performance, engine out emissions and combustion of a DF engine. In the first part the maximum possible HFFR was obtained for smooth operation of DF engine. In the second part the liquid fuel IT for better brake thermal efficiency (BTE) was obtained. In the third part the effect of EGR on the performance of DF engine was studied. The study showed that the maximum possible HFFR was 0.22 kg/h with a knock free operation. The fuel IT of 27° before top dead center (bTDC) at a fuel injection pressure (IP) of 240 bar yielded better results. When EGR of 15% was inducted, 23–24% lower BTE, 22–28% higher smoke, 38–40% higher hydrocarbon (HC), 31–38% higher carbon monoxide (CO) were noticed with biodiesel fuels (BDFs) at optimum operating conditions for 80% load. But the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions from the engine decreased by 26–28% with BDFs at optimum operating conditions for 80% load as compared to the CI mode.

An experimental investigation of exergetic performance and emission characteristics of hydrogen supplemented biogas-diesel dual fuel engine

An experimental investigation of a conventional diesel engine with diesel, biogas and hydrogen as fuels has been carried out, while the engine is modified to operate in dual fuel mode using diesel as the pilot fuel and biogas as the main fuel respectively. In order to improve the biogas-diesel dual fuel engine performance and emission characteristics, small percentages of hydrogen supplementations, viz. 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%, in biogas were studied and the comparison was also made to that with the neat biogas-diesel dual fuel operation. Engine performance characterization has been done with exergy based approach, and major sources of irreversibilities in various engine processes are also investigated and compared for the above mentioned cases. The results show that hydrogen supplementations in biogas have lesser effect on the combustion characteristics at low load, while, at high load, the combustion patterns change significantly with higher heat release rates and peak combustion pressures. Furthermore, performance and emission characteristics are found nearly unaffected with 5% of hydrogen addition both at low and high loads. Nevertheless, further addition of hydrogen in biogas causes improvements in performance and emission characteristics of the dual fuel engine.

Effect of Hydrogen and Hydrogen Enriched Compressed Natural Gas Induction on the Performance of Rubber Seed Oil Methy Ester Fuelled Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDi) Dual Fuel Engines

Renewable fuels are in biodegradable nature and they tender good energy security and foreign exchange savings. In addition they address environmental concerns and socio-economic issues. The present work presents the experimental investigations carried out on the utilization of such renewable fuel combinations for diesel engine applications. For this a single-cylinder four-stroke water cooled direct injection (DI) compression ignition (CI) engine provided with CMFIS (Conventional Mechanical Fuel Injection System) was rightfully converted to operate with CRDi injection systems enabling high pressure injection of Rubber seed oil methyl ester (RuOME) in the dual fuel mode with induction of varied gas flow rates of hydrogen and hydrogen enriched CNG (HCNG) gas combinations. Experimental investigations showed a considerable improvement in dual fuel engine performance with acceptable brake thermal efficiency and reduced emissions of smoke, hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and slightly increased nitric oxide (NOx) emission levels for increased hydrogen and HCNG flow rates. Further CRDi facilitated dual fuel engine showed improved engine performance compared to CMFIS as the former enabled high pressure (900 bar) injection of the RuOME and closer to TDC (Top Dead Centre) as well. Combustion parameters such as ignition delay, combustion duration, pressure-crank angle and heat release rates were analyzed and compared with baseline data generated. Combustion analysis showed that the rapid rate of burning of hydrogen and HCNG along with air mixtures increased due to presence of hydrogen in total and in partial combination with CNG which further resulted into higher cylinder pressures and energy release rates. However, sustained research that can provide feasible engine technology operating on such fuels in dual fuel operation can pave the way for continued fossil fuel usage.

The Effect of Operating Parameters on Dual Fuel Engine Performance and Emissions – An Overview

In order to decrease harmful exhaust gas emissions from internal combustion engines, researchers are continuously looking for alternative fuels and combustion techniques, and in this context the use of natural gas as a supplement for conventional fuels has been suggested. Since natural gas has high autoignition temperature, it cannot be used in compression ignition engines as the in-cylinder temperature around the top dead center is simply not high enough to ignite it. Therefore, in such an application natural gas has to be used with high reactivity fuel, usually diesel fuel. In these applications diesel fuel is used solely as a high energy ignition device, while natural gas is used as primary fuel. This type of combustion process is called dual fuel combustion process. This paper presents the effect of operating parameters, such as diesel fuel injection pressure, injection timing, diesel fuel mass, diesel fuel substitution ratio and intake charge conditioning, as well as engine load and speed on efficiency and harmful exhaust gas emissions from dual fuel diesel/natural gas internal combustion engines.

Modeling and Optimization of Diesel-LPG Dual Fuel Engine's Performance: An ANN Approach

Modeling and Optimization of Diesel-LPG Dual Fuel Engine's Performance: An ANN Approach

An experimental assessment on the influence of high octane fuels on biofuel based dual fuel engine performance, emission, and combustion

This paper presents an experimental study on the effect of different high octane fuels (such as eucalyptus oil, ethanol, and methanol) on engine?s performance behaviour of a biofuel based dual fuel engine. A single cylinder Diesel engine was modified and tested under dual fuel mode of operation. Initially the engine was run using neat diesel, neat mahua oil as fuels. In the second phase, the engine was operated in dual fuel mode by using a specially designed variable jet carburettor to supply the high octane fuels. Engine trials were made at 100% and 40% loads (power outputs) with varying amounts of high octane fuels up-to the maximum possible limit. The performance and emission characteristics of the engine were obtained and analysed. Results indicated significant improvement in brake thermal efficiency simultaneous reduction in smoke and NO emissions in dual fuel operation with all the inducted fuels. At 100% load the brake thermal efficiency increased from 25.6% to a maximum of 32.3, 30.5, and 28.4%, respectively, with eucalyptus oil, ethanol, and methanol as primary fuels. Smoke was reduced drastically from 78% with neat mahua oil a minimum of 41, 48, and 53%, respectively, with eucalyptus oil, ethanol, and methanol at the maximum efficiency point. The optimal energy share for the best engine behaviour was found to be 44.6, 27.3, and 23.2%, respectively, for eucalyptus oil, ethanol, and methanol at 100% load. Among the primary fuels tested, eucalyptus oil showed the maximum brake thermal efficiency, minimum smoke and NO emissions and maximum energy replacement for the optimal operation of the engine.

Experimental Investigation on LPG + Diesel Fuelled Engine with DEE Ignition Improver

Manufacturing and utilizing biodiesel for transportation is one approach for sustainable energy future for the world. The opportunity to take place of cleaner burning biodiesel fuels for automotive service has drawn increasing attention during the last decade. A biodiesel fuel contributes lesser global climate change. In a dual fuel engine a main fuel that is generally gaseous fuel is mixed with air, compressed and ignited by a small quantity of pilot spray of diesel as in a diesel engine. Dual fuel engines are capable of generating as much power when running with a gaseous fuel as a primary fuel as when operating liquid fuel only. LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) has been widely used as an alternative fuel for petrol and diesel vehicles in light of clean fuel and multiplicity of energy resources. The phenomenon of knock in a dual-fuel engine is the nature of auto ignition of gaseous mixture in the neighbourhood of injected spray. In this paper, using of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as a primary fuel with diethyl ether (DEE) as an ignition enhancer in a direct injection diesel engine. The performance and emission characteristics of the LPG– diesel dual-fuel engine performance, emission characteristics are studied and the dual fuel diesel engine results are compared and analysed.

Dual fuel engines fueled with three gaseous and biodiesel fuel combinations

ABSTRACTAlternative fuels have numerous advantages over fossil fuels as they are renewable, biodegradable, provide energy security and foreign exchange savings, and help in addressing environmental concerns and socio-economic issues. Renewable fuels such as biodiesel and gaseous fuels can be used for transportation and power generation applications. Honge oil methyl ester (HOME) biodiesel and three gaseous fuels – compressed natural gas (CNG), hydrogen enriched compressed natural gas (HCNG), and producer gas – were used as injected and inducted fuels. This paper presents the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder, four-stroke direct injection stationary diesel engine operated in dual fuel mode on a combination of HOME and the gaseous fuels CNG, HCNG and producer gas. For a diesel engine operated in dual fuel mode with HOME–gaseous fuel combinations, experimental results showed decreased brake thermal efficiency, smoke and nitric oxide emission levels and increased hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emission levels when compared with single fuel mode of operation. Compared to CNG and producer gas dual fuel operation, HCNG operation resulted in overall improved performance (with HOME being the common fuel in all dual fuel modes of operation). Enriched CNG with hydrogen (20%) i.e. HCNG improved the dual fuel engine performance with HOME when compared to CNG operation.

Use of Adaptive Injection Strategies to Increase the Full Load Limit of RCCI Operation

Dual-fuel combustion using port-injection of low reactivity fuel combined with direct injection (DI) of a higher reactivity fuel, otherwise known as reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI), has been shown as a method to achieve low-temperature combustion with moderate peak pressure rise rates, low engine-out soot and NOx emissions, and high indicated thermal efficiency. A key requirement for extending to high-load operation is moderating the reactivity of the premixed charge prior to the diesel injection. One way to accomplish this is to use a very low reactivity fuel such as natural gas. In this work, experimental testing was conducted on a 13 l multicylinder heavy-duty diesel engine modified to operate using RCCI combustion with port injection of natural gas and DI of diesel fuel. Engine testing was conducted at an engine speed of 1200 rpm over a wide variety of loads and injection conditions. The impact on dual-fuel engine performance and emissions with respect to varying the fuel injection parameters is quantified within this study. The injection strategies used in the work were found to affect the combustion process in similar ways to both conventional diesel combustion (CDC) and RCCI combustion for phasing control and emissions performance. As the load is increased, the port fuel injection (PFI) quantity was reduced to keep peak cylinder pressure (PCP) and maximum pressure rise rate (MPRR) under the imposed limits. Overall, the peak load using the new injection strategy was shown to reach 22 bar brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) with a peak brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of 47.6%.

Effects of Substitution Ratio on the Emission Characteristics of a Dual-Fuel Engine Fueled with Pilot Diesel Fuel and Methanol

Substitution ratio is an important parameter influencing on the performance of dual-fuel engine. In order to study the effects of substitution ratio on the emission characteristics of diesel/ methanol dual-fuel engine, a 6-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine was converted into a dual-fuel engine fueled with pilot diesel fuel and methanol. Methanol was injected into the intake pipe and ignited by pilot diesel fuel. Experiments were performed at a constant speed of 1400 r/min, and at three different engine loads of 40%, 60% and 100%. The experimental results indicate that CO and HC emissions of dual-fuel mode both increase significantly with the increase of substitution ratio, and are higher than those of diesel mode. Compared to diesel mode, dual-fuel mode generates lower NOx and smoke emissions. In addition, as substitution ratio increases, NOx and smoke emissions are decreased.

An experimental study into the effect of the pilot injection timing on the performance and emissions of a high-speed common-rail dual-fuel engine

Dual-fuel technology has the potential to offer significant improvements in the emissions of carbon dioxide from light-duty compression ignition engines. In these smaller-capacity high-speed engines, where the combustion event can be temporally shorter, the injection timing can have an important effect on the performance and emissions characteristics of the engine. This paper discusses the use of a 0.51 l single-cylinder high-speed direct-injection diesel engine modified to achieve port directed gas injection. The effect of the pilot diesel injection timing on the dual-fuel engine performance and emissions was investigated at engine speeds of 1500 r/min and 2500 r/min and loads equivalent to gross indicated mean effective pressures of 0.15 MPa, 0.3 MPa, 0.45 MPa and 0.6 MPa, for a fixed gas substitution ratio (on an energy basis) of 50%. Furthermore, the effect of the pilot injection quantity was investigated at a constant engine speed of 1500 r/min by completing a gaseous substitution sweep at the optimised injection timing for each load condition. The results identify the limits of single-injection timing during dual-fuel combustion and the gains in the engine performance and stability that can be achieved through optimisation of the pilot injection timing. Furthermore, the pilot injection timing and quantity were shown to have fundamental effects on the formation and emissions of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide and total hydrocarbon. The potential for dual-fuel combustion to achieve significant reductions in the specific carbon dioxide was also highlighted, with reductions of up to 30% being achieved at full load compared with the baseline diesel case.