Dual Control System Research Articles

QoE-Aware Dual Control System to Guarantee Battery Lifetime for Mobile Video Applications

The use of consumer-electronics mobile terminals to decode and view digital video is constantly growing. Consumers expect from them a good quality of experience (QoE) during the complete viewing of the video content, which is not always possible due to the battery-operated nature of this type of devices. In this paper, a dual closed-loop control system is proposed to act on the CPU frequency such that, by default, it controls a QoE-related variable to be at its lowest valid level in order to save as much energy as possible. This energy savings are computed as an energy bonus (EB) that can be further used in moments of higher power consumption. Anyway, when the EB decreases below a dynamic threshold, the system switches to an exception mode in which it controls the EB to be enough to guarantee the expected playback lifetime at the expense of lowering QoE. Besides, the system can be configured by users to be more or less aggressive in risking lifetime vs QoE by adjusting the mode-switching threshold. Upon implementation in the operating system of a commercial development board, results show how the system is able to meet the desired lifetime with a reduction of up to 70% of the time with QoE restrictions with respect to a previous lifetime-guaranteeing approach. Furthermore, the worst-case computation-time overhead of the system is only a 4.2%.

Dual Channel TV and Fans Controllers Based on Android Smartphones

Abstract - This research will focus on the design of dual channel television control systems and fan speed control. The design of a dual channel TV controller system and fan speed control uses wireless media as a link between an Android smart phone, Raspberry Pi B +, TV, and fan. To design a dual channel TV controller system and control wind kipsa, it includes an Android smartphone, wi-fi module type TL-WN832N TP-Link and Raspberry pi B +. Android smartphones function as TV controllers and fans with applications installed on Android smartphones. The TP-Link TL-WN832N wi-fi module functions as a wireless multimedia link between the Raspberry Pi B + and Android smartphones. Raspberry pi B + functions like processing data sent by an Android smartphone to control the TV or fan. Thus, the system design tool can replace 2 controllers and TV fans in one device that can control the TV and fan using an Android smartphone
 Keyword : Android smartphone, TP-Link TL-WN832N Wi-Fi module, Raspberry Pi B +

The design of a dual channel synchronous control system based on a new percutaneous puncture surgical robot

One type of automatic medical tele-robotics system that is used in Percutaneous Puncture Surgery has been presented in this paper. A compensation (or synchronous) method for physiological movement is a necessary control method to reduce the difficulty of operations and improve operating accuracy for an automatic Percutaneous Puncture Surgical Robot (PPSR). Firstly, the robotics system can put a surgeon away from X-ray radiation. Secondly and importantly, the control system of the Robot is based on an Iterative Learning Control (ILC) algorithm which is a dual channel synchronous control system. The puncture actuator controlling channel is in charge of automatically inserting a needle and compensating for the motion of the internal organs. The robotic arm controlling channel is in charge of controlling the direction of the needle and compensating for the body’s external inserting point motion with the on-line supervision. The performance of the control system has been evaluated and simulated in MATLAB. The results have been proven that the control process is effective.

Formulation Development and Evaluation of Emulgel of Clindamycin Phosphate for Effective Treatment of Acne

Emulgel have emerged as one of the most interesting topical delivery system as it has dual release control system i.e. gel and emulsion. The topical applications of the drug offers the potential advantages of delivering the drug directly to the site of action and delivering the drug for extended period of time at the effected site that mainly acts at the related regions. The major objective behind this formulation is enhancing the topical delivery of hydrophobic drug (clindamycin phosphate) by formulating clindamycin phosphate emulgel using carbopol 941 as a gelling agent. In addition, light liquid paraffin as oil, tween-20 and span-20 as emulsifiers and propylene glycol as co-surfactant were selected for preparation of emulgel. Clindamycin phosphate is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of infections. It is of the lincosamide class. Clindamycin phosphate is a semi synthetic lincosamide antibiotic that has largely replaced lincomycin due to an improved side effect profile. Clindamycin inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to bacterial 50S ribosomal subunits. Topical clindamycin phosphate reduces free fatty acid concentrations on the skin and suppresses the growth of Propionibacterium acnes (Corynebacterium acnes), an anaerobe found in sebaceous glands and follicles. The prepared emulgel were evaluated for their physical appearance, pH determination, viscosity, spreadability, extrudability, in vitro drug release, anti acne activity and stability. All the prepared emulgel showed acceptable physical properties, homogeneity, consistency, spreadability, viscosity and pH value. The best formulation F4 showed better antiacne activity when compared with all formulation. Keywords: Emulgel, Clindamycin phosphate, Extrudability, Spreadability, Antiacne activity

An Integrated Dual Voltage Loop Control for Capacitance Reduction in CHB-Based Regenerative Motor Drive Systems

The inherent second-harmonic ripple power in a cascaded H-bridge (CHB)-based motor drive system poses the demand of large capacitors in the dc link of each cell. In this paper, an active power decoupling method based on negative sequence current injection and its corresponding dual voltage closed-loop control are proposed to solve this problem without adding any extra components. The proposed dual voltage closed-loop control system consists of a conventional active power control loop and a frequency-adaptive ripple power control loop. The ripple power control loop aims at injecting a set of negative sequence decoupling currents into the front ends of the cells to remove the ripple powers with variable frequency. Higher steady-state accuracy and robustness are, therefore, achieved compared to the open-loop control. Moreover, to simplify the control system, the ripple power control loop can be integrated into the active power control loop without introducing a harmonic reference frame transformation. By adopting the proposed control, the dc capacitance can be reduced to less than 10% of the conventional case. The effectiveness and practicability of this method are verified by simulation and experimental results.

A REVIEW ON EMULGELS-A NOVEL APPROACH FOR TOPICAL DRUG DELIVERY

Emulgels have emerged as one of the most interesting topical delivery system as it has dual release control system i.e. gel and emulsion. The major objective behind this formulation is delivery of hydrophobic drugs to systemic circulation via skin. A unique feature of topical drug delivery is the direct accessibility of the skin as a target organ for the diagnosis and treatment. When gel and emulsion are used in combined form the dosage form are referred as Emulgel. This may be proving better stability and release of drug than simply incorporating drugs into gel base. Other novel approaches like niosomes and liposomes are of nano size and due to vesicular structures may result in leakage and result in lesser entrapment efficiency. But gels due to vast network have comparatively better loading capacity.

Analysis and Control of Input-Parallel Output-Series Based Combined DC/DC Converter With Modified Connection in Output Filter Circuit

Input-parallel output-series (IPOS)-based combined converter is usually used in the situation with low input voltage and high output voltage to satisfy the requirements in switch voltage stress reduction and power expansion. In such a system, the voltage balance of filter capacitor in the output side or current sharing in the input side usually used to guarantee the control performance of the conversion system. In this paper, a phase-shifted full bridge (PSFB)-based IPOS converter with modified connection of output filter circuit used for the wide variation of input voltage is proposed, which is beneficial to reduce ripple current of filter inductor significantly. A control scheme using the same phase shifting for the two different modules of this IPOS converter is detailedly investigated with both steady state and small signal model-based analysis, it manifests that special voltage balance and current sharing control scheme are not necessary for IPOS system under the common phase shifting control method. And the small signal transfer functions of this topology used for dual loop control system design are also developed. The simulation and experiment results are presented to validate the analysis and control scheme.

Autonomous reinforcement learning control for space robot to capture non-cooperative targets

In recent years, space robot on-orbit service has become a research hotspot in many countries. Aiming at the task of capturing non-cooperative targets for space robot, a dual loop control method consisting of reinforcement learning control and PD control is proposed in this paper, which is used to control the attitude of space robot platform and the motion of manipulator arm. Firstly, a coupled dynamic model of the space robot including the motion of the base platform and the robot arm is established. Then, a dual loop control system is designed to control the movement of the robot arm and the attitude of the base platform. In the inner loop, the controller is designed by combining the reinforcement learning and fuzzy theory to control the motion of the end of the robot arm. In the outer loop, the attitude of the base platform is stabilized by PD control. Finally, the proposed control method is used for numerical simulation and compared with the traditional PD control method to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method. The results show that the robot arm movement process under the control of reinforcement learning is stable and the control precision is high. Compared with the traditional PD control method, it has a certain self-learning ability and is more suitable for the non-cooperative characteristics of the catching targets.

Review on Optimization base Emulgel Formulation

The aim of the present research work is to decrease the systemic side effects and to create a more pronounced effect of emulgel of tretinoin with lower doses of the drug. Emulgel emerged as one of the most interesting topical drug delivery system as it has dual release control system. Also the stability of emulsion is increased when it is incorporated into gel. The emulgel was developed using polymers like carbopol 940 (1: 1) of gel and emulsion. Drug-excipients interaction was characterized by FTIR studies. The topical emulgel was prepared by preparing emulsion and gel separately and incorporation emulsion into the gel. The emulgel was evaluated for their physical appearance, pH evaluation, Spreadability, rheological study, drug content, in vitro permeation study and stability study. After all evaluation it can be concluded that tretinoin emulgel could increase the drug permeability across the membrane and fast release of the drug could be achieved successfully. Objective and aim-The aim of present study was to develop an emulgel formulation of Tretinoin gel using Carbopol 940 or HPMC as a gelling agent. The influence of the type of gelling agent and the concentration of both the oil phase and emulsifying agent on the release of the drug and its microbial activity were investigate using 23 factorial design in addition, rheological properties were also evaluated. Conclusion-The present work is to develop tretinoin emulgel adaptable topical drug delivery systems which provide protection against oxidation, fast absorption, and prolonged release and enables reduction in dose and evaluate the emulgel using an ideal topical drug candidate of Tretinoin by suitable method with its release. Tretinoin is widely used in topical acne treatment at 0.025% and 0.05% concentrations. Tretinoin is very effective in 0.05% strength but it cause skin erythema on the applied area.

Temperature self-sensing and closed-loop position control of twisted and coiled actuator

Twisted and coiled actuator (TCA), which is a newly discovered artificial muscle made by twisting and coiling polymer fibers into spring-like structures, can generate great contraction or expansion when heated. The temperature plays an important role in the actuation of TCA since its temperature sensibility. However, it is usually hard to measure the temperature of TCA directly with conventional temperature sensors due to its small radial dimension. A newly developed temperature self-sensing method of TCA is used in this work. Nickel wire, whose resistance varies linearly with the temperature, is combined with the polymer fiber of TCA by twisting and coiling them together. Therefore, the temperature of TCA is evaluated approximately via the resistance of the nickel wire. Based on the temperature self-sensing function, a semi-closed loop position control system without external sensor and a temperature and position dual closed-loop control system which responses 50% faster than the single closed-loop control system are implemented. These works add the temperature self-sensing function to TCA and facilitate its applications especially in small and soft devices.

Study of dual closed-loop control strategy of exhaust gas recirculation for diesel engines

ABSTRACTWith the rapid development of the global economy, more vehicle ownership leads to the increasing of environmental pollution in recent years. In response to this matter, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) has been used in most modern diesel engines, to control NOx emissions effectively. In this work, a dual closed-loop EGR control system was modeled by coupling the one-dimensional cycle simulation and the logic under Matlab/Simulink environment. The intake airflow and EGR valve position are regarded as the control targets in the key control logic concept. The results show that the deviation between simulation and experimental results is smaller than 5%, which can meet the needs of practical application. Moreover, the accuracy and feasibility of the code generated by the Real-Time Workshop module are verified simultaneously.

A Control Strategy for Driving Mode Switches of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Driving mode switches of hybrid vehicles are significant events. Due to the different dynamic characteristics of the engine, motor, and wet clutch, it is difficult to coordinate torque fluctuations caused by mode switches. This paper focused on a control strategy for driving mode switches of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) with a multi-disk wet clutch. First, the dynamic model of the PHEV was established, and a rule-based control strategy was proposed to divide the working mode regions and distribute the torque between engine and motor. Second, the dual fuzzy control strategy for a wet clutch and the coordinated torque control strategy for driving mode switches were proposed. The dual fuzzy logic control system consisted of the initial pulse-width modulation (PWM)’s duty cycle control and the changing rate of the PWM’s duty cycle control. Considering the difference in the dynamic characteristics between engine, motor, and wet clutch, a coordinated control strategy for the driving mode switches of PHEVs was put forward. Third, simulations of driving mode switches between pure electric driving mode and only engine driving mode were conducted. The results showed that the proposed control strategy could reduce the torque ripple and the jerk of the vehicle, completely satisfying the requirements of China. Finally, the control strategy for the motor-assisted engine starting process was tested on the bench. The experiment results indicated that the proposed control strategy was effective.

Free-living use of artificial pancreas for children with type 1 diabetes: systematic review

BACKGRAUND: A closed-loop glucose control system or artificial pancreas consists of three components a Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM), infusion pumps to deliver hormone(s) and a sophisticated dosing algorithm to control hormone delivery. In the past years, numerous studies with closed-loop system devices were conducted with gradual shift to out-of-hospital environment and with lengthening study duration.
 AIMS: To compare efficacy and safety of closed-loop insulin pump use in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus in compare with conventional insulin treatment (continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) with our without CGM) based on randomized control trials data (RCT).
 METHODS: In the systematic review we have include 28 randomized controlled trials results indexed in PubMed, Medline databases published till 15 June 2017. The efficacy on metabolic control in this study evaluated by the proportion of time within target range (preferably 70 to 180 mg/dl if reported) and mean (median) glucose based on sensor measurements, and the safety evaluated by time in hypoglycemia (below 70 mg/dl if reported).
 RESULTS: Increased time in range in the night period was observed in all RCT. Only 3 RCT showed decrease of the time in range within 24 h evaluation period. In one RCT the significant positive differences have been shown in the time in range for dual hormone closed-loop glucose control system in compare with insulin-only artificial pancreas. Mean glycaemia and glucose variability changes were not in the same manner in different RCT, both in the night only and in 24 h estimation period. Night hypoglycemia duration decreased in most RCT with closed-loop control in compare with CSII, and increased only in 2 RCT. When all-day estimation period the time in hypoglycemia changed not in the same manner in different RCT. Valuable methodology differences of the glycaemic control estimation within observed RCT brought significant complications in the data analysis and made impossible the results quantitative estimation to prepare a metaanalysis.
 CONCLUSIONS: Much work has been done to develop effective and safe artificial pancreas, but not all RCTs confirmed advantages of closed-loop glucose control in compare with CSII in children and adolescents in real life. More research with prospective randomized control design required to prove benefits of closed-loop glucose control. Further RCTs should have an uniform methodology for glycemic control assessment and long duration that will allow to use cumulative measures in a closed-loop efficacy estimation (HbA1c).

Dual closed-loop sliding mode control for a decoupled three-link wheeled mobile manipulator

This paper presents a dual closed-loop sliding mode control strategy for a wheeled mobile manipulator with three-wheeled mobile platform (WMP) and three-link manipulator. The Euler-Lagrange method combined partially with the Newtonian method is applied to obtain full dynamic model and decoupled model is constructed in order to provide simple dynamic model for controller's structure to be simplified. Instead of the conventional velocity command trajectory based kinematic backstepping control method, a dual closed-loop control system is designed. A virtual velocity command based on sliding mode surface is generated in outer loop and the gap between a generated virtual command velocity and real velocity is compensated by an inner loop sliding mode controller. Outer loop helps to faster posture trajectory generation for locomotion of the WMP. Next, a finite-time sliding mode controller with an assumed feedforward dynamic gain method is designed for joint trajectory tracking for three-link manipulator by adding finite-time control terms in the designed controllers to obtain faster settling time and stronger robustness. The designed controllers were implemented into microprocessor connected to DC and dynamixel motor systems equipped in mobile platform and manipulator, respectively. Comparative simulation and experiment with a conventional sliding mode control show the effectiveness of the proposed dual closed-loop finite time sliding mode control scheme.

Reduction of Torque and Voltage Ripple in a Doubly Salient Permanent Magnet Generator

Large torque and voltage ripple are inherent drawbacks of doubly salient generators. This paper first introduces torque sharing function (TSF) into the application of a dual-channel three-phase 12/8 poles doubly salient permanent magnet generator (DSPMG) to reduce torque and voltage ripple. Based on the principle of copper losses minimization, a new TSF is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical computation. The proposed TSF is compared to conventional TSFs according to three evaluation criteria. In order to achieve satisfying and consistent steady state and dynamic performances over the whole operation range, gain scheduling PI controller is adopted to overcome the highly nonlinear characteristic of the DSPMG. Besides, with compensators of back-EMF, cogging torque and losses adopted as feed-forward, a dual closed-loop generation control system is detailed designed. Both simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control system and the copper losses minimization TSF in reducing torque and voltage ripple.

Design and Simulation of Double Closed-loop DC Motor Speed Regulation System with Fuzzy PID Controller

This paper introduced the principle of one dual closed-loop DC motor speed control system with fuzzy PID controller. The algorithm could reduce the setting time and the over-shoot of the step response of the speed-current loop control system, with comparison of the traditional PID after simulation.

Model-Based Application of Fuzzy Control to a Class of Industrial Process Operation Systems With Uncertainty

In this paper, the model-based fuzzy control application for double-layer operation systems with uncertainty is addressed. Due to the multiple-time scales of complex industrial systems, as well as the inborn uncertainties of the system, the challenge of feedback control is presented. A new approach based on a class of fuzzy models with uncertainty fulfilling the condition of sector bound for the operation process system is proposed. First, a fuzzy model of the system is considered in terms of the system’s described dynamical characteristics, and the PI fuzzy controller is then employed for the model, which will ensure controlled plant tracking set-points. Second, with different sampling rates, a dual-layer model combining PI fuzzy controller and dynamical fuzzy output feedback controller are presented. Third, the S-procedure is applied to derive the feedback controller, which can simultaneously guarantee the mean value of steady-state error between the realistic and target operational index is zero and the stability of the dual closed-loop control system is established. Finally, significant simulations have been executed to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

A Dual-Loop Control System for Dense Medium Coal Washing Processes With Sampled and Delayed Measurements

A dual closed-loop control system is developed for a dense medium coal washing process. The controller is designed to improve the separation efficiency and energy efficiency of the dense medium cyclone coal beneficiation process simultaneously making use of a model predictive control method and a pumped-storage system (PSS). In the dual-loop control, the outer loop is designed for medium density profile optimization and the inner loop is used for actuator control of the medium supplying circuit, considering the interplay of the energy efficiency and separation efficiency. Mathematical models of the PSS and the magnetite recycle process of the dense medium circuit are developed and employed in the design of the advanced controller. The effectiveness of the designed control system is demonstrated by simulations based on operational data from a South African coal beneficiation plant.

Protective and control relays as coal-mine power-supply ACS subsystem

The paper presents instantaneous selective short-circuit protection for the cabling of the underground part of a coal mine and central control algorithms as a Coal-Mine Power-Supply ACS Subsystem. In order to improve the reliability of electricity supply and reduce the mining equipment down-time, a dual channel relay protection and central control system is proposed as a subsystem of the coal-mine power-supply automated control system (PS ACS).

Design of dual DC motor control system based on DSP

Multi-motor control systems are widely used in actual production and life, such as lifting stages, robots, printing systems. This paper through serial communication between PC and DSP, dual DC motor control system consisting of PC as the host computer, DSP as the lower computer with synchronous PWM speed regulation, commutation and selection functions is designed. It sends digital control instructions with host computer serial debugger to lower computer, to instruct the motor to complete corresponding actions. The hardware and software design of the control system are given, and feasibility and validity of the control system are verified by experiments. The expected design goal is achieved.