Dual Concept Research Articles

Performance analysis of boost converter with cascaded inner loop fuzzy SMC

PurposeThis paper intent to design, develop, and fabricate a robust cascaded controller based on the dual loop concept i.e. Fuzzy Sliding Mode concept in the inner loop and traditional Proportional Integral controller in the outer loop to reduce the unknown dynamics and disturbances that occur in the DC-DC Converter.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed Fuzzy sliding mode approach combines the merits of both SMC and Fuzzy logic control. FSMC approach reduces the chattering phenomena that commonly occurs in the sliding mode control and speed up the response of the controller.FindingsIn most of the research work, the inner current loop of cascaded controller was designed by sliding mode control. In this paper FSMC is proposed and its efficacy is confirmed with SMC -PI. In most uncertainties, FSMC-PI produces null maximum peak overshoot and a very less settling time of 0.0005 sec.Originality/valueThe presence of Fuzzy SMC in the inner loop ensure satisfactory response against all uncertainties such as steady state, circuit parameter variations and sudden line and load disturbances.

Interaction of Higher Education and Employers As a Competitiveness Factor of a University

The labor market constantly demands qualified personnel and increases the requirements for graduates of educational establishments. In order to train a competitive young professional, universities seek modernization of various kinds and implement it in the educational process. Dual form of education is one of these efforts undertaken by educational institutions. The article presents the results of the semantic analysis of the dual education concept, an analysis of the stakeholders’ roles in the system of higher education with a large emphasis on the role of the employer, statistical data collection, and the main advantages and disadvantages of the dual approach to the educational process organization. The aim of the study is to analyze experience of dual education development in Germany, where it is regulated at the legislative level. The main advantages of dual education are identified: establishing practice-oriented training system, involving motivated employers in the training process and educational programs designing, alternating the theoretical and on-the-job training, and reducing the costs associated with personnel selection and adaptation. The study has developed a generalized process model for the implementation of the project ”Introduction of the dual form of education in an educational organization”. According to the proposed model, the first stage includes developing normative acts regulating dual education training, forming a team of mentors, and selecting students. At the second stage, the authors propose to distribute the contact work as follows: 60% for theoretical training and 40% for production-based. The final stage is devoted to the evaluation of the of the dual education system implementation effectiveness. The model was tested for the Novouralsk Institute of Technology — branch of the National Research Nuclear University MEPhI. The study presents a stage-by-stage description of the model and examines examples of the education dual form positive effects at the university, as well as considers emerging “noises”.
 Keywords: dual education, professional training, educational system

Normative generics: Against semantic polysemy

Generic sentences are sometimes characterized as normative or descriptive. Descriptive generics make generalized claims about things: dogs bark, birds fly, doughnuts have holes. Normative generics do something more complicated; they seem to communicate how things should be: boys don't cry, children are seen and not heard, friends don't let friends drive drunk. The latter set of sentences express something like the speaker's endorsement that the predicated terms match up with the kind terms. Sarah-Jane Leslie posits a semantic view of normative generics on which the subject term is polysemous between a normative and a descriptive reading. I argue that this cannot be right, and show how a Gricean implicature view can accommodate everyday normative generics in a way that Leslie's polysemous view cannot. An upshot of my argument is skepticism about drawing semantic conclusions from dual character concepts.

The role of social partners in the governance of Dual Vocational Education and Training System: The Portuguese case

Portugal has been referred as one example of lower levels of integration of social partners in the governance of education and training systems (Sanz de Miguel, 2017). There is lack of research about the effectiveness of the governance of the only program close to the Dual VET concept: the Apprenticeship system. A pilot project of Dual VET ran from 2012 and terminated in 2016 without substantial evaluation. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the role social partners have in the governance of the existing Portuguese Apprenticeship system. We carried out extensive review of the scientific and grey literature about Dual VET for youngsters in Portugal, as well as database queries to official statistical sources. Our research reveals a complex formal role: The employment agency IEFP provides funding for Apprenticeship and negotiates with the main social partners the allocation of the Single Social Tax for its regional centres. Indirectly, many social partners are formally involved in the general VET governance participating in various coordination and monitoring structures of the National System of Qualifications and other regulatory agencies (IEFP and ANQEP). In this article we also discuss possible causes for the failure of the pilot Dual VET, which took effect within the scope of a curricular review of the primary and secondary education.

Dual Compressibility Characteristics of Lignite, Subbituminous, and High-Volatile Bituminous Coals: A New Insight into Permeability

Pore compressibility is an important physical property of coal, which controls geomechanical behavior and hydrocarbon reserve evaluation of coal seams. However, the representation of pore compressibility is usually oversimplified in coalbed methane (CBM) reservoir analysis. This study proposes the adoption of the dual compressibility concept, where both accessible porosity (connected pore) and the inaccessible portion of the coal compressibility contribute to the storage and transport capacities of coal reservoirs, provided the availability of mercury porosimetry data. We characterize dual compressibility as a function of confining pressure and identified the effect of factors, such as coal rank, moisture content, and porosity. It was found that pore compressibility reduces decreased one order of magnitude, from 10−3–10−2 to 10−4–10−3 MPa−1, with confining pressure increasing up to 413.3 MPa. The calculated compressibility of accessible pores is one-to-two orders of magnitude higher than the inaccessible portion of the coal. Using a compressibility correction on pore volume connectivity and permeability estimates showed a 23% reduction in those estimates. Results suggest that high pore compressibility affects storage and transport capacity more significantly than previously regarded. We propose a new model to estimate coal permeability as a function of confining pressure and accessible pore compressibility. The model uses integrated intrusion correction and pore compressibility values from the Katz–Thompson method. Pore volume and permeability response with pressure were evaluated according to coal rank, macro-lithotype, and seam. This work provides an improved methodology to estimate hydrocarbon reserves and CBM reservoir performance through more accurate pore volume and permeability evaluations from mercury porosimetry data.

Obiekty snycerskie o tematyce religijnej zrealizowane w kręgu Państwowego Liceum Sztuk Plastycznych im. Cypriana Kamila Norwida w Lublinie

Since the 1990s, more than 50 different religious works, ranging from altars to single sculptures, have been created at the current Fine Arts School Group in Lublin. Some of these objects went to places of worship or religious institutions, while others remain the property of the school or their authors. This extensive collection is the result of a dual educational concept developed at the school. On the one hand, it is based on studying (copying, compiling) historical patterns; on the other, it offers freedom of artistic vision. In both cases the students follow the guidance of the same teachers, who introduce these concepts interchangeably, deliberately varying the tasks. Treated complementarily, they give interesting results both in the course of education and in the graduates’ independent work. The selection of works presented in this article does not aspire to be an exhaustive presentation of the presence of the sacred in woodcarving works created in the circle of the Lublin School. Nevertheless, their selection illustrates in a suggestive manner artistic solutions representative for each of the two educational currents.

Editors' Note

To the readers of StyleWe are pleased to announce that you hold in your hands our special issue of Style, volume 55, number 1 (2021), and guest edited by the distinguished Professor Dan Shen, of the University of Beijing [Peking University], PR China, Department of English. She has written a “Target Essay” or TE (included), titled “Covert Progression and Dual Narrative Dynamics” and, following a number of responses to it, has also written rejoinders to all contributors. Professor Shen's essay lays out some recent principles and consequences of the covert and dual conception of narrative dynamics she has been working on for a while (abstract below).We received the completed essay in early spring 2020, and subsequently mailed copies to a number of narrative scholars across the world, asking them to contribute a response of some 1,000 to 2,000 words to any element or section of the target essay (TE), offering their considered opinion and scholarly analysis of some or several of the ideas in it as a means of contributing to an on-going conversation about this narrative theory and/or practice in prose literature or in some other media.This issue, 55.1, is the seventh in our series of specials devoted to this type of format, one found in several of the life sciences. In Style, previous guest-edited issues have been similarly completed by several scholars: Joseph Carroll, “An Evolutionary Paradigm for Literary Study” (42.2 & 3, 2008); Alan Palmer, “Social Minds in Criticism and Fiction” (45.2, 2011); Peter Rabinowitz and Corinne Bancroft, “Euclid at the Core: Re-centering Literary Education” (48.1, 2014); Brian Richardson, “Unnatural Narrative Theory” (50.4, 2016); James Phelan, “Authors, Resources, Audiences: Toward a Rhetorical Poetics of Narrative” (52.1 & 2, 2018); and Richard Walsh, “Fictionality as Rhetoric” (53.4, 2019).As with previous issues, the completed copy of Style will contain the aforementioned target essay, many 2,000-word responses from other scholars in the field, and Prof. Shen's rejoinder to each. Briefly, Prof. Shen tells us in her abstract that “Since Aristotle, investigations of narrative fiction have focused on the plot development and up to now, narrative theory is based only on this narrative movement. In order to uncover and to account for the ‘covert progression’ and its relation with the plot development, we need to break free of the bondage of the long critical tradition and to extend or transform the relevant theoretical concepts and models not only in narratology, but also in stylistics and translation studies.”We hope you will read the issue carefully and enjoy the debates ahead.

EVALUATION OF DUAL BANKING SYSTEM IN BANKING IN INDONESIA

Evaluation of Dual Banking System in Indonesia. Dual Banking System is the application of two banking systems in one banking institution, namely conventional banking and Islamic banking. Indonesia can optimize the dual banking system through strength share and weakness cover, namely Islamic banks are generally superior in terms of a more stable system in the face of market changes but have deficiencies in infrastructure, whereas conventional banks have large market and capital access and more infrastructure complete, but very vulnerable to crises due to the negative factors of economic integration which are already very strong. The superiority of the dual banking system concept is seen in two separate systems that operationally do not affect each other, but have one common goal, namely financial stability that supports economic growth. So, to achieve this goal the two systems can work together in external factors such as access to capital, infrastructure, supervision or clearing systems that can help interbank liquidity.

Stages of creating a text world

The Purpose of the study is to introduce a new type of dual-core concepts, mainly a dual concept, to build a hierarchy of all possible dual-core concepts, and to reveal the peculiarities of forming author’s concepts within the theory of text worlds. The method of cognitive-hermeneutic analysis was implemented along with scheming as a result of study. Main findings: peculiarities of using author’s dual concepts within the theory of text worlds. Applications of this study: the results can be useв in teaching cognitive linguistics, writing course papers qualification works and in conducting further research. Novelty of this study: author’s dual concepts within the theory of text worlds were studied for the first time.

Partition and Colored Distances in Graphs Induced to Subsets of Vertices and Some of Its Applications

If G is a graph and P is a partition of V(G), then the partition distance of G is the sum of the distances between all pairs of vertices that lie in the same part of P. A colored distance is the dual concept of the partition distance. These notions are motivated by a problem in the facility location network and applied to several well-known distance-based graph invariants. In this paper, we apply an extended cut method to induce the partition and color distances to some subsets of vertices which are not necessary a partition of V(G). Then, we define a two-dimensional weighted graph and an operator to prove that the induced partition and colored distances of a graph can be obtained from the weighted Wiener index of a two-dimensional weighted quotient graph induced by the transitive closure of the Djoković–Winkler relation as well as by any partition that is coarser. Finally, we utilize our main results to find some upper bounds for the modified Wiener index and the number of orbits of partial cube graphs under the action of automorphism group of graphs.

A New Dual Site Catalyst Design Concept for Promoting Reaction Kinetics of the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Introduction Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) accounts for a substantial portion of the energy loss of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell system used for vehicle application. Current state of art ORR catalysts are typically Pt-alloy nanoparticles supported on carbon, of which surface Pt is solely the active site and their activity improvement is fundamentally limited by a “scaling relationship” [1]. In this study, we report the preparation of a SnOx/Pt−Cu−Ni heterojunctioned nanostructure as one potential strategy to break the scaling relationship in ORR. Experimental results confirm a significant activity enhancement compared with pristine Pt−Cu−Ni. Theoretical study suggests a dual-site cascade mechanism wherein the first two steps occur on SnOx sites, followed by transfer of the intermediate to adjacent Pt sites for the subsequent steps. This new catalyst design offers a plausible new approach to achieve high ORR activity on Pt alloys by introducing a second active site. Materials and Methods Pt−Cu−Ni alloy nanoparticles were synthesized by a solid-state chemistry method involving electrochemical treatment to generate a clean Pt surface prior to use in this study [2]. The as prepared Pt-Cu-Ni catalysts were first de-alloyed and then followed by immersion in SnCl2 solution for various time to coat with SnOx [3]. The resulting heterojunctioned catalysts were characterized by HR-TEM, XPS, XANES, as well as in electrochemical measurement to determine the activity and durability. The density functional theory (DFT) simulations were performed with the Quantum ESPRESSO package to calculate the energy states of reaction intermediates on different surface sites. Results and Discussion The conceptual design of the dual site catalyst, as shown in Figure 1(a). involves a possible migration of reaction intermediates during the steps of ORR. Such a migration should be driven by the difference in free energy of the sites. For proof-of-concept, we synthesized Pt−Cu−Ni nanoparticles and then deposited SnOx on the surface to form a heterojunctioned nanostructure (Figure 1(b)). SEM -EDX and XPS analyses confirmed that the SnOx content increased with deposition time, while the Pt:Cu:Ni ratio remained nearly unchanged before and after the deposition. XANES and high resolution XPS characterization suggest the oxidation state of the SnOx is primarily 4+. A decrease of electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) was observed as the deposition time (td) increases (Figure 1 (c)). The mass activity and specific activity (SA) both exhibit a volcano trend with respect to td with the highest values at td=5 min. The apparent SA increased by 40% as compared to the pristine Pt-Cu-Ni, and if only considering the interfacial sites, the estimated specific activity enhancement may be up to 10 folds (Figure 1(d)). While these results provide unambiguous experimental evidence of SnOx’s promoting effect, DFT simulation of the reaction pathways was performed to obtain insight into the possible mechanism (Figure 1(e)). The results suggest the SnOx and the neighboring Pt sites may have cooperated to find the most kinetically favored pathway (Figure 1(f)), wherein the O2 first protonated on SnOx sites to form *OOH and *O intermediates, and then the *O transfers to Pt sites to complete the remaining steps. Conclusion This study demonstrates a strategy to bypass the energy barrier bottleneck of ORR, providing one more dimension of design flexibility towards developing highly active electrode catalysts for fuel cell applications. References Kulkarni, A. et al., Chem. Rev. 2018, 118 (5), 2302−2312.Zhang, C. et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136 (22), 7805−7808.Shen, X. et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141(24), 9463-9467. Figure 1

The Folk Concept of Law: Law Is Intrinsically Moral

ABSTRACT Most theorists agree that our social order includes a distinctive legal dimension. A fundamental question is that of whether reference to specific legal phenomena always involves a commitment to a particular moral view. Whereas many philosophers advance the ‘positivist’ claim that any correspondence between morality and the law is just a function of political circumstance, natural law theorists insist that law is intrinsically moral. Each school claims the crucial advantage of consistency with our folk concept. Drawing on the notion of dual character concepts, we develop a set of hypotheses about the intuitive relation between a rule’s moral and legal aspects. We then report a set of studies that conflict unexpectedly with the predictions by legal positivists. Intuitively, an evil rule is not a fully-fledged instance of law.

SPEECH‐MAC: Special purpose energy‐efficient contention‐based hybrid MAC protocol for WSN and Zigbee network

SummaryEnergy‐efficient Zigbee‐based wireless sensor network (WSN) occupies a major role in emergency‐based applications. The foremost drawback of such applications is maintaining the battery power because frequent changing is not possible in those conditions. In the earlier days, several researches created new model MAC protocols in terms of increase the lifetime of the WSN. But still, there is a research gap particularly in emergency applications. In order to improve the lifetime of such applications, we introduced a novel hybrid MAC protocol, namely, special purpose energy‐efficient contention‐based hybrid MAC (SPEECH‐MAC) protocol. This protocol includes dual hop concept considerably to save the energy. Both the single hop network and the dual hop networks are developed, and the results are analyzed. Prioritization mechanism for SPEECH‐MAC protocol is introduced to analyze the emergency conditions in detail. In summary, according to the simulation, the calculated parameters are total residual energy, end‐to‐end delay, packet drop, packet delivery ratio, and network throughput.

Chemically modified inulin for intestinal drug delivery – A new dual bioactivity concept for inflammatory bowel disease treatment

This study investigates a novel preparation technique for pellets made from acetylated inulin and their characterization focusing on specific intestinal delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid. By means of acetylation the hydrophobicity of four native inulins was increased yielding materials with selected degrees of acetylation. The acetylated inulins were insoluble in water, which was confirmed by the log P-values ranging from 1.30 to 1.58. 5-Aminosalicylic acid loading capacity of the pellets was up to 60 % and high enough to match the therapeutic range of the anti-inflammatory drug. Depending on the 5-aminosalicylic acid content and the type of acetylated inulin, up to 80 % of the entrapped drug was released within 24 h in intestinal environment under in-vitro conditions.Here we successfully prepared chemically modified and profoundly characterized inulin to provide innovative formulations and to open up a promising new strategy for treatment of Morbus Crohn and ulcerative colitis.

What is a colleague? The descriptive and normative dimension of a dual character concept

ABSTRACT Colleagues are not only an integral part of many people’s lives; empirical research suggests that having a good relationship with one’s colleagues is the single most important factor for being happy at work. However, so far, no one has provided a comprehensive account of what it means to be a colleague. To address this lacuna, we have conducted both an empirical as well as theoretical investigation into the content and structure of the concept ‘colleague.’ Based on the empirical evidence that we present in this paper, we argue that ‘colleague’ is a dual character concept that has both a descriptive and a normative basis for categorization. Its descriptive dimension is characterized by three features, according to which two people are colleagues if they work for the same institution and know each other, or if they work for the same institution and work in the same field. An independent normative dimension is revealed, which shows that, as colleagues, we are expected to fulfill substantial normative expectations. Understanding the expectations that are encoded in the very structure of this concept is crucial to lay the groundwork for an ethics of collegiality.

Sexuality, nationalism and the other: the Arabic literary canon between Orientalism and the Nahḍa discourse at the fin de siècle

ABSTRACT This article examines the dual and paradoxical conception of the Arabic literary canon in Orientalist and Nahḍa discourses in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries—an era of great change and closer mutual cultural awareness between Europe and the Arab world. What Arabic literature had long signified to European scholars since Antoine Galland’s eighteenth-century translation of The Arabian Nights (mysticism, Romanticism and a platform to explore sexual taboos) was very different from how the nationalist-minded Nahḍa intellectuals wanted to reconfigure it as the hallmark of the rational “Golden Age” of Arab civilization. Sexuality became a site of contestation between certain Orientalists who praised Arab literary “frankness” and an anxious class of Arab scholars who wanted to “cleanse” the Arabic literary canon and reconfigure it in line with modern, European standards of “respectability” and “politeness.”

EVEN THOUGH WE HAD MANY TRIBES, BUT I AM INDONESIA: VALIDATION OF DUAL IDENTITY SCALE

Dual identity has an assumption that subordinate group identity (e.g., ethnic and tribe identity) and superordinate group identity (e.g., national identity) can be simultaneously activated. The dual identity concept is important to examine in Indonesia as the country of thousands of tribes. As an initial step, we should adapt and evaluate a dual identity scale so that later it will become a catalyst for future study on the exploration of the association of dual identity and other factors. This study aims to adapt and evaluate the dual identity scale on the Indonesian sample. We tested the measurement through two collecting data, with 775 of total participants (data 1= 338 participants and data 2= 473 participants). The data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). We found that the dual identity scale had a good fit model and had satisfactory validity and reliability. The validity and reliability of data 2 are better than data 1. In the data 2, each item of items used ‘tribe’ as a form of subordinate identity to replace ‘ethnic’ in the measurement of the data 1. In data 1, this scale had a significant correlation with ethnic and national identity. The result of EFA and CFA proved that the scale is unidimensional (having one factor) and robust to use in the Indonesian sample. The study also found that the use of ‘tribe’ can explain subordinate identity better than "ethnic" on the scale. This study contributes to a practical implication for using the dual identity scale in Indonesia.

Control of Single-Phase Electrolytic Capacitor-Less Isolated Converter for DC Low Voltage Residential Networks

In recent years, there has been a desire to improve electricity generation and consumption, to reach sustainability. Technological solutions today allow a rational use of electricity with good overall performance. Traditionally, from production to distribution, electrical energy is AC-supported for compatibility reasons and easy voltage level transformation. However, nowadays most electric loads need DC power to work properly. A single high-efficiency central AC-DC power converter may be advantageous in eliminating several less efficient AC-DC embedded converters, distributed all over a residential area. This paper presents a new single-phase AC-DC converter using one active bridge (most isolated topologies are based on the dual active bridge concept) and a high-frequency isolation transformer with low-value non-electrolytic capacitors, together with its control system design. The converter can be introduced into future low-voltage DC microgrids for residential buildings, as an alternative to several embedded AC-DC converters. Non-linear control techniques (sliding mode control and the Lyapunov direct method) are employed to guarantee stability in the output DC low voltage with near unity power factor compensation in the AC grid. The designed converter and controllers were simulated using Matlab/Simulink and tested in a lab experimental prototype using digital signal processing (DSP) to evaluate system performance.

Enhancing Liquefied Petroleum Gas utilization in Compression-Ignition engine powered with Renewable Fuel under Dual Fuel concept- An Experimental Study

ABSTRACT The current research article aims at improving LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) utilization in a compression ignition engine powered with renewable fuel namely Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel (CPBD). The combustion, performance and emission tests were conducted in the stationary single-cylinder water-cooled engine at a constant speed of 1500 rpm. The engine was remodeled to function in a dual fuel mode utilizing LPG as primary fuel and CPBD as pilot fuel. Through suction stroke, the primary fuel was supplied whereas the CPBD was injected through direct injection. The results show that the CPBD improved the performance of the engine under the LPG-based dual-fuel engine. There was an increase observed in Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of CPBD upto 4.9% under LPG mode with 12% LPG energy share and a drop in BTE limited with LPG substitution. The water injection method was attempted in this research to increase the substitution of LPG, which resulted positively. The 5% water injection (5%W) increased the LPG substitution from 12% to 16% with a 7% improvement in BTE. There was a drastic improvement noted in hydrocarbon (HC) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) emission in dual fuel mode. The HC emission got decreased by 37.14% in CPBD+LPG mode to 45.7% in CPBD+LPG+5%W mode. Similarly, the CO emission got decreased by 65% with CPBD+LPG mode to 64% with CPBD+LPG+5%W mode. Likewise, the smoke emission also got decreased by 87% in CPBD+LPG mode to 74% in CPBD+LPG+5%W mode. However, NO emission got drastically increased by 90% and 85% in CPBD+LPG and CPBD+LPG+5%W respectively. To conclude, CPBD can be effectively used in CI engines under LPG-based dual fuel mode, which improves the performance and emission concurrently.

Lifting modules with finite internal exchange property and direct sums of hollow modules

A module [Formula: see text] is said to be lifting if, for any submodule [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], there exists a decomposition [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is a small submodule of [Formula: see text]. A lifting module is defined as a dual concept of the extending module. A module [Formula: see text] is said to have the finite internal exchange property if, for any direct summand [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] and any finite direct sum decomposition [Formula: see text], there exists a direct summand [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text]. This paper is concerned with the following two fundamental unsolved problems of lifting modules: “Classify those rings all of whose lifting modules have the finite internal exchange property” and “When is a direct sum of indecomposable lifting modules lifting?”. In this paper, we prove that any [Formula: see text]-square-free lifting module over a right perfect ring satisfies the finite internal exchange property. In addition, we give some necessary and sufficient conditions for a direct sum of hollow modules over a right perfect ring to be lifting with the finite internal exchange property.