Dual Complex Research Articles

Bayesian optimization-based CNN framework for automated detection of brain tumors

Brain tumors, capable of yielding fatal outcomes, can now be identified through MRI images. However, their heterogeneous nature introduces challenges and time-consuming aspects to manual detection. This study aims to design the optimal architecture, leveraging Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), for the automatic identification of brain tumor types within medical images. CNN architectures frequently face challenges of overfitting during the training phase, mainly attributed to the dual complexities of limited labeled datasets and complex models within the medical domain. The depth and width hyperparameters in these architectures play a crucial role, in determining the extent of learning parameters engaged in the learning process. These parameters, encompassing filter weights, fundamentally shape the performance of the model. In this context, it is quite difficult to manually determine the optimum depth and width hyperparameters due to many combinations. With Bayesian optimization and Gaussian process, we identified models with optimum architecture from hyperparameter combinations. We performed the training process with two different datasets. With the test data of dataset 1, we reached 98.01% accuracy and 98% F1 score values. With the test data of dataset 2, which has more data, 99.62% accuracy and F1 score values were obtained. The models we have derived will prove valuable to clinicians for the purpose of brain tumor detection.

Molecular design on dual stimuli-responsive azobenzene-containing ionic complexes toward self-healing materials under photoirradiation or humid condition at room temperature

Self-healing materials working at room temperature are attractive in the field of materials chemistry. Compared to those requiring one specific external stimulus, one smart material that can launch the self-healing process under multiple stimuli would accommodate more various working conditions. In this work, a double-chain azobenzene-containing surfactant AZO with good molecular flexibility and hydrophilicity is designed for developing self-healing materials with dual responses to light and humidity. By mixing AZO and surfactants containing linear aliphatic chains, the resulted composites gain crystal-to-isotropic liquid phase change ability under the trigger of either light or humidity, thanks to the formation of sufficient free volume for AZO molecules. This leads to the light-/humidity-induced self-healing materials at room temperature. Meanwhile, the composite of AZO and double-chain surfactant has been proved with better responsive sensitivity to light and humidity by forming a homogeneous molecular distribution. This study provides a new designing strategy for gaining dual self-healing materials working via an athermal way, promoting the development of smart materials with multiple stimuli-responsive property.

Dual hypoxia-responsive supramolecular complex for cancer target therapy

The prognosis with pancreatic cancer is among the poorest of any human cancer. One of the important factors is the tumor hypoxia. Targeting tumor hypoxia is considered a desirable therapeutic option. However, it has not been translated into clinical success in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. With enhanced cytotoxicities against hypoxic pancreatic cancer cells, BE-43547A2 (BE) may serve as a promising template for hypoxia target strategy. Here, based on rational modification, a BE prodrug (NMP-BE) is encapsulated into sulfonated azocalix[5]arene (SAC5A) to generate a supramolecular dual hypoxia-responsive complex NMP-BE@SAC5A. Benefited from the selective load release within cancer cells, NMP-BE@SAC5A markedly suppresses tumor growth at low dose in pancreatic cancer cells xenograft murine model without developing systemic toxicity. This research presents a strategy for the modification of covalent compounds to achieve efficient delivery within tumors, a horizon for the realization of safe and reinforced hypoxia target therapy using a simple approach.

A Primal-Dual Smoothing Framework for Max-Structured Non-Convex Optimization

We propose a primal-dual smoothing framework for finding a near-stationary point of a class of nonsmooth nonconvex optimization problems with max-structure. We analyze the primal and dual gradient complexities of the framework via two approaches, that is, the dual-then-primal and primal-the-dual smoothing approaches. Our framework improves the best-known oracle complexities of the existing method, even in the restricted problem setting. As an important part of our framework, we propose a first-order method for solving a class of (strongly) convex-concave saddle-point problems, which is based on a newly developed non-Hilbertian inexact accelerated proximal gradient algorithm for strongly convex composite minimization that enjoys duality-gap convergence guarantees. Some variants and extensions of our framework are also discussed. Funding: R. Zhao’s research is partially supported by AFOSR [Grant FA9550-22-1-0356].

Metallo-sideromycin as a dual functional complex for combating antimicrobial resistance

The rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pathogens highlights the urgent need to approach this global burden with alternative strategies. Cefiderocol (Fetroja®) is a clinically-used sideromycin, that is utilized for the treatment of severe drug-resistant infections, caused by Gram-negative bacteria; there is evidence of cefiderocol-resistance occurring in bacterial strains however. To increase the efficacy and extend the life-span of sideromycins, we demonstrate strong synergisms between cefiderocol and metallodrugs (e.g., colloidal bismuth citrate (CBS)), against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia. Moreover, CBS enhances cefiderocol efficacy against biofilm formation, suppresses the resistance development in P. aeruginosa and resensitizes clinically isolated resistant P. aeruginosa to cefiderocol. Notably, the co-therapy of CBS and cefiderocol significantly increases the survival rate of mice and decreases bacterial loads in the lung in a murine acute pneumonia model. The observed phenomena are partially attributable to the competitive binding of Bi3+ to cefiderocol with Fe3+, leading to enhanced uptake of Bi3+ and reduced levels of Fe3+ in cells. Our studies provide insight into the antimicrobial potential of metallo-sideromycins.

Whiria Tū Aka: Conceptualizing Dual Ethnic Identities, Complexities, and Intensities

Whiria Tū Aka: Conceptualizing Dual Ethnic Identities, Complexities, and Intensities

Topology of tropical moduli spaces of weighted stable curves in higher genus

Abstract We study the topology of moduli spaces of weighted stable tropical curves Δg ,w with fixed genus and unit volume. The space Δg ,w arises as the dual complex of the divisor of singular curves in Hassett’s moduli space M g ,w of weighted stable curves. When the genus is positive, we show that Δg ,w is simply connected for any choice of weight vector w. We also give a formula for the Euler characteristic of Δg ,w in terms of the combinatorics of the weight vector.

A Novel Dual-Payload ADC for the Treatment of HER2+ Breast and Colon Cancer.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have demonstrated a great therapeutic potential against cancer due to their target specificity and cytotoxicity. To exert a maximum therapeutic effect on cancerous cells, we have conjugated two different payloads to different amino acids, cysteines (cys) and lysines (lys), on trastuzumab, which is a humanised anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody. First, trastuzumab was conjugated with monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), an antimitotic agent, through a cleavable linker (Val-Cit) to prepare ADC (Tmab-VcMMAE). Then, the ADC (Tmab-VcMMAE) was conjugated with a second antimitotic agent, Mertansine (DM1), via a non-cleavable linker Succinimidyl-4-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (SMCC) to form a dual conjugate (Tmab-VcMMAE-SMCC-DM1). Our results indicated that the dual-payload conjugate, Tmab-VcMMAE-SMCC-DM1, had a synergistic and superior cytotoxic effect compared to trastuzumab alone. Ultimately employing a dual conjugation approach has the potential to overcome treatment-resistance and tumour recurrences and could pave the way to employ other payloads to construct dual (or multiple) payload complexes.

A tailored slow-release film with synergistic antibacterial and antioxidant activities for ultra-persistent preservation of perishable products

Rapid decrease in antibacterial efficacy of existing active packages is difficult to promisingly prevent microbial infection during the storage of perishable products. Here, we pioneered an advanced ZnO-doped hollow carbon-encapsulated curcumin (ZHC-Cur)-chitosan (CS) slow-release film (ZHC-Cur-CS) with “nano-barricade” structure through demand-oriented tailoring of the structure and components of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) carrier. Such an exquisite structure realized the effective sustained release of Curcumin through the dual complexity of diffusion pathway by the disordered hierarchical pore structure and steric hindrance. Prepared ZHC-Cur-CS film exhibited boosting bactericidal and antioxidant abilities by virtue of the functional synergy between curcumin and ZnO. Thus, ZHC-Cur-CS film demonstrated excellent preservation performance by significantly prolonging the shelf life of Citrus (∼2.4 times). Furthermore, the upgraded mechanical strength, improved barrier ability, and proven safety laid the foundation for its practical application. These satisfactory properties underscore the applicability of ZHC-Cur-CS film for the efficient preservation of perishable products.

Управление развитием организационной культуры современного воинского коллектива

The article presents the analysis of theoretical approaches to the essence of managing the development of organizational culture of a modern military team. Military organizational culture is revealed as a complex of cultural values, norms, beliefs of military personnel, a managerial factor of transformation of professional changes in the modern military team. The specifics of the subject (military administration) and the object (members of the military collective) of management are substantiated, the integrated approach of the essential characteristics of the process of managing the development of the organizational culture of the military collective is revealed. As a result of the analysis of the sociological survey data, the characteristics of this phenomenon are clarified as a purposeful organizational, project, controlling activity of the military administration to ensure the reproduction of military organizational culture, the achievement of its stabilization, as well as progressive development. It is proved that the management of the development of the organizational culture of the military collective presupposes the achievement of a targeted qualitative renewal of the external symbols of the military collective, as well as the prevailing values, needs, ideals, traditions, norms of behavior of military actors. Management design of innovative norms, values, principles of interaction of military personnel is designed to allow not only to form an initiative military actor of a leadership type, but also to provide prerequisites for the transition to an innovative organizational culture of military teams. It is proved that the management of the development of the organizational culture of the military collective has several forms of manifestation: 1) as a dual complex within the framework of the general management system of a military organization; 2) as a mechanism aimed at, on the one hand, at ensuring the stabilization of organizational culture and, on the other hand, at its expanded reproduction; 3) as a subsystem of social management (federal, regional, internal-military-organizational; 4) as a management process itself. In a generalized context, the management of the development of organizational culture is a component of the overall system of integrated targeted management of a military unit as a whole, which determines, among other things, the optimization of its organizational culture. Within the framework of this management, management subsystems can be distinguished in the form of separate socio-cultural projects. Educational activity with this approach should be considered as a means to ensure the achievement of the development of the organizational culture of the military unit.

Casein kinase 1 gamma regulates oxidative stress response via interacting with the NADPH dual oxidase complex.

Oxidative stress response is a fundamental biological process mediated by conserved mechanisms. The identities and functions of some key regulators remain unknown. Here, we report a novel role of C. elegans casein kinase 1 gamma CSNK-1 (also known as CK1γ or CSNK1G) in regulating oxidative stress response and ROS levels. csnk-1 interacted with the bli-3/tsp-15/doxa-1 NADPH dual oxidase genes via genetic nonallelic noncomplementation to affect C. elegans survival in oxidative stress. The genetic interaction was supported by specific biochemical interactions between DOXA-1 and CSNK-1 and potentially between their human orthologs DUOXA2 and CSNK1G2. Consistently, CSNK-1 was required for normal ROS levels in C. elegans. CSNK1G2 and DUOXA2 each can promote ROS levels in human cells, effects that were suppressed by a small molecule casein kinase 1 inhibitor. We also detected genetic interactions between csnk-1 and skn-1 Nrf2 in oxidative stress response. Together, we propose that CSNK-1 CSNK1G defines a novel conserved regulatory mechanism for ROS homeostasis.

Enhanced Bone Formation by Rapidly Formed Bony Wall over the Bone Defect Using Dual Growth Factors.

In guided bone regeneration (GBR), there are various problems that occur in the bone defect after the wound healing period. This study aimed to investigate the enhancement of the osteogenic ability of the dual scaffold complex and identify the appropriate concentration of growth factors (GF) for new bone formation based on the novel GBR concept that is applying rapid bone forming GFs to the membrane outside of the bone defect. Four bone defects with a diameter of 8mm were formed in the calvaria of New Zealand white rabbits each to perform GBR. Collagen membrane and biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) were applied to the bone defects with the four different concetration of BMP-2 or FGF-2. After 2, 4, and 8weeks of healing, histological, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemical analyses were conducted. In the histological analysis, continuous forms of new bones were observed in the upper part of bone defect in the experimental groups, whereas no continuous forms were observed in the control group. In the histomorphometry, The group to which BMP-2 0.5mg/ml and FGF-2 1.0mg/ml was applied showed statistically significantly higher new bone formation. Also, the new bone formation according to the healing period was statistically significantly higher at 8weeks than at 2, 4weeks. The novel GBR method in which BMP-2, newly proposed in this study, is applied to the membrane is effective for bone regeneration. In addition, the dual scaffold complex is quantitatively and qualitatively advantageous for bone regeneration and bone maintenance over time.

Chow transformation of coherent sheaves

Abstract We define a dual of the Chow transformation of currents on any complex projective manifold. This integral transformation is a factor of a left inverse of the Chow transformation and its composition with the Chow transformation is a right inverse of a linear differential operator, which does not commute with ∂ \partial or ∂ ¯ \overline{\partial } . We obtain a complete intrinsic resolution of the problem of the algebraicity of the cohomology classes. On another hand, in the case of the complex projective space, we give the translation in terms of real-analytic D {\mathcal{D}} -modules of the properties of the Chow transformation. Then, the proofs can be simplified by using the conormal currents, which exist for all currents of bidimension ( p , p ) \left(p,p) on the complex projective space, even not closed. This is a consequence of the existence of dual currents, defined on the dual complex projective space. In particular, we obtain a linear differential system of order lower than that of the Gelfand-Gindikin-Graev differential system, characterizing the images by the Chow transformation of smooth differential forms on the complex projective space.

A signal-off Cas14a1-based platform for highly specific detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Antibiotic usage has become very widespread in aquaculture, and the abuse or overuse of antibiotics has led to the evolution of antibiotic-resistance bacteria, which has adverse effects on aquatic products and ecosystems. Moreover, this evolution can potentially cause harm to human health. Thus, there is an urgent need for diagnostic tools for antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. Herein, we proposed a signal-off Cas14a1-based platform (SOCP) for the detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In this SOCP, we have designed single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) that not only can activate the trans-cleavage ability of dual Cas14a1-sgRNA complex but also can be used as the primers for the amplified methicilin-resistant gene (mecA). When MRSA is present, the primers can be transformed into products with amplification, leading to the signal decrease of trans-cleavage activity of Cas14a1. The SOCP showed high specificity and fair sensitivity for mecA gene and MRSA. In the detection of real samples, this platform also showed consistent results compared with qPCR. The SOCP could provide an alternative tool for the diagnosis of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in aquaculture, food industry and other fields.

SERD-NHC-Au(I) complexes for dual targeting ER and TrxR to induce ICD in breast cancer

The development of selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs) has brought new ideas for the clinical treatment of ER-positive advanced breast cancer. The successful application of combinational therapy inspired the exploration of other targets to prevent breast cancer progression. Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is an important enzyme that can regulate redox balance in cells and it was considered as a potential target for anticancer treatment. In this study, we firstly combine a clinical SERD candidate——G1T48 (NCT03455270), with a TrxR inhibitor——N-heterocyclic carbene gold(I) [NHC-Au(I)] to form dual targeting complexes that can regulate both signaling pathways. The most efficacious complex 23 exhibited significant antiproliferative profile through degrading ER and inhibiting TrxR activity. Interestingly, it can induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) caused by ROS. This is the first evidence to elucidate the role of ER/TrxR-ROS-ICD axis in ER positive breast cancer and this research may inspire new drug development with novel mechanisms. The in vivo xenograft study demonstrated that complex 23 had excellent antiproliferative activity toward MCF-7 cells in mice model.

High-capacity adenovector delivery of forced CRISPR-Cas9 heterodimers fosters precise chromosomal deletions in human cells

Genome editing based on dual CRISPR-Cas9 complexes (multiplexes) permits removing specific genomic sequences in living cells leveraging research on functional genomics and genetic therapies. Delivering the required large and multicomponent reagents in a synchronous and stoichiometric manner remains, however, challenging. Moreover, uncoordinated activity of independently acting CRISPR-Cas9 multiplexes increases the complexity of genome editing outcomes. Here, we investigate the potential of fostering precise multiplexing genome editing using high-capacity adenovector particles (AdVPs) for the delivery of Cas9 ortholog fusion constructs alone (forced Cas9 heterodimers) or together with their cognate guide RNAs (forced CRISPR-Cas9 heterodimers). We demonstrate that the efficiency and accuracy of targeted chromosomal DNA deletions achieved by single AdVPs encoding forced CRISPR-Cas9 heterodimers is superior to that obtained when the various components are delivered separately. Finally, all-in-one AdVP delivery of forced CRISPR-Cas9 heterodimers triggers robust DMD exon 51 splice site excision resulting in reading frame restoration and selection-free detection of dystrophin in muscle cells derived from Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients. In conclusion, AdVPs promote precise multiplexing genome editing through the integrated delivery of forced CRISPR-Cas9 heterodimer components, which, in comparison with split conventional CRISPR-Cas9 multiplexes, engage target sequences in a more coordinated fashion.

Framing Teaching for Sustainability in the Case of Business Engineering Education: Process-Centric Models and Good Practices

Sustainability is a difficult topic, and education systems are generally complicated, including multiple levels as well as diverse organizations and actors. This dual complexity, which affects both sustainability and higher education systems, poses great challenges for research. Although there has been a growing interest in adopting sustainable practices within HEIs, few studies have focused on the integration of sustainability concerns into curricula through a process-centric lens, and the majority of studies in this area are mainly input-oriented. Therefore, in this study, we seek to address the need for a comprehensive understanding to solve local problems through process-centric views and tested methodologies, offering new possibilities for teaching sustainability. We focus on education as a system (i.e., comprising inputs, outputs, and processes) and develop a conceptual design of the deployed teaching processes for a real-world project scenario aimed at mainstreaming sustainability into the curriculum, in the case of business engineering. The research process consisted of (i) the application of a functional decomposition technique at institutional and project levels for integration of the project into current academic practices; (ii) the application of the SIPOC (Supplier, Inputs, Process, Outputs, Customer) method in conjunction with a flowcharting technique to capture the flow of interactions between project processes and the surrounding structure. The added value derives from a better understanding of the relationships between upstream and downstream processes, enabling sustained improvement and strengthening the teaching practices related to sustainability.

A facile and efficient preparation of prism[6]arene and its dual responsive complexation with 1-adamantane ammonium tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]borate

We report a facile and efficient preparation of prism[6]arene using the condensation of 2,6-diethoxy-1,5-bis(methoxymethyl)naphthalene catalyzed by p-toluenesulfonic acid.

Synthesis of dual state emissive β-carboline boron complexes

Dual state emissive (DSE) dyes based on β-carboline boron complexes are synthesized which show tunable emission in both solution and solid state.

On the connectedness principle and dual complexes for generalized pairs

Abstract Let $(X,B)$ be a pair, and let $f \colon X \rightarrow S$ be a contraction with $-({K_{X}} + B)$ nef over S. A conjecture, known as the Shokurov–Kollár connectedness principle, predicts that $f^{-1} (s) \cap \operatorname {\mathrm {Nklt}}(X,B)$ has at most two connected components, where $s \in S$ is an arbitrary schematic point and $\operatorname {\mathrm {Nklt}}(X,B)$ denotes the non-klt locus of $(X,B)$ . In this work, we prove this conjecture, characterizing those cases in which $\operatorname {\mathrm {Nklt}}(X,B)$ fails to be connected, and we extend these same results also to the category of generalized pairs. Finally, we apply these results and the techniques to the study of the dual complex for generalized log Calabi–Yau pairs, generalizing results of Kollár–Xu [Invent. Math. 205 (2016), 527–557] and Nakamura [Int. Math. Res. Not. IMRN13 (2021), 9802–9833].