DSTU ISO Research Articles

ІНТЕГРАЦІЯ ВИМОГ СТАНДАРТІВ НАТО СЕРІЇ AQAP 2000 У СИСТЕМУ УПРАВЛІННЯ ЯКІСТЮ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА З ВИРОБНИЦТВА ВІЙСЬКОВОЇ ТЕХНІКИ

In recent years, the security and defense sector of Ukraine has been undergoing reforms aimed at gaining the country's membership in the NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization. One of the many aspects of these reforms is the introduction of some specific standards, in particular, the AQAP 2000 series standards in the quality management systems of military equipment enterprises. In the case of implementation of several international standards at the enterprise, there is a need to create integrated quality management systems. The article presents options for implementing two or more standards in the QMS of the enterprise, analyzes their disadvantages and advantages. The main requirements of the AQAP 2110 standard, which should be integrated with the requirements of the ISO 9001 standard in the context of the PDCA cycle ("Plan-Do-Check-Act"), are considered. The stages of the implementation of integrated QMS are described. The scheme of deliveries of products to the customer in which there is a certification of the quality management system of the manufacturer (supplier) by the external body on conformity assessment, control over the quality of production by military representation, and the government quality assurance GQA has resulted. Government quality assurance GQA means that the authorized national body carries out the process of assessing the conformity of the quality management system of the manufacturer (supplier) to the requirements of ISO 9001 and NATO standards AQAP 2000, which allows the customer to gain confidence in the quality of defense products. A special requirement is to draw up a Quality Plan, which defines the activities, processes, resources, responsibilities of the manufacturer, etc., to convince the customer and the GQA representative that the company can manufacture and supply products of appropriate quality and on time, because in case of defective products or failure to deliver is lost time for a replacement or waiting, and this is a constant risk to the country's combat readiness. Requirements for the content and design of the Quality Plan are given in the standard AQAP 2105. In addition to the above, the following specific requirements of AQAP 2110 are analyzed as the operation of the metrological support system at the enterprise according to DSTU ISO 10012, product configuration management with software according to ACMP 2100, risk management, etc.

Research of stability of geometric parameters of wood under the moisture action

The object of research is a promising structural material – modified wood. Extending the use of wood while maintaining structural characteristics is a promising area of research. Modification of wood in accordance with structural requirements, taking into account sanitary and other requirements, is an important task. The most common modification technologies are impregnation. Pressure autoclaving wood requires sophisticated equipment to create unprofitable pressure. Impregnation by the condensation method or the method of «cold and hot baths» significantly reduces the cost of obtaining modified wood. The study of the stability of the geometric dimensions of modified wood under the moisture influence makes it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of the modification (impregnation) process and, as a result, evaluate the service life. Samples from pine timber (DSTU ISO 738:2018) with a size of 300–70–15 mm are used. For research, three groups of samples are selected with radial (R), tangential (T) and mixed (M) direction of wood fibers. For impregnation modification, linseed oil and drying oil were used at a concentration of 25 g/l. In accordance with the modification technology, the samples are soaked in an aqueous solution with a desiccant, then immersed in linseed oil heated to 130±10 °С, and then immersed in linseed oil at a temperature of 20 °С. The obtained samples are dried under atmospheric conditions and soaked in water for 24 hours to study the stability of geometric dimensions. As a result of studies, it is found that the optimal temperature for heating the samples is the range 120–140 °C. It is also found that the most resistant to changes in geometric dimensions are samples with a mixed direction of the fibers (M), in which size changes are 0.5 % compared to dry samples. Regardless of the direction of the fibers, the moisture absorption of the modified samples is 0.07 vol. %, which is of great practical interest.

Необхідність мікроскопії «звичайних» колоній кишкової палички на Агарі Ендо

Identification of coliform bacteria is carried out in almost all food products and feeds. This method is standardized in a number of regulatory documents. It is one of the most widely used in laboratory practice and well known to sanitary microbiologists. It is based on the inoculation of the product in enrichment broth, followed by preliminary identification on Endo agar. Typical coliform bacteria grow on it in the form of red colonies with metallic lustre. Such characteristic external signs, together with the controlled selectivity of the medium itself, sometimes encourage bacteriologists to conclude that coliform bacteria were detected without the necessary Gram stained microscopy. It should be noted that the current methodology for monitoring the suitability of nutrient media in Ukraine does not sufficiently consider the specifics of sanitary and microbiological studies of food products. Thus, according to the information letter of the Ministry of Healthcare of Ukraine, Endo agar selectivity can be considered acceptable if at least 108 cells of Staphylococcus aureus strain ATCC 25923 are inhibited. The reason for this condition may be the direction of the said regulatory document mainly to laboratories that carry out microbiological diagnosis of infectious diseases, including purulent-inflammatory ones, caused by S. aureus. But these bacteria are rarely found in food products. But DSTU ISO 11133-2: 2006, which relates to testing food products and feed, offers a typical representative of the intestinal micro-flora (Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212) as a non-target microorganism for controlling the selectivity of the medium for Escherichia coli group bacteria. Unlike regulatory documents of ministries and departments, state standards in Ukraine are not binding. At the same time, a significant part of laboratories researching food products subordinate to the Ministry of Healthcare and in their work should be guided by the above-mentioned information letter. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the reports concerning the possible growth of red colonies with a metallic lustre, which are typical for coliform bacteria and do not even belong to the family of enterobacteria, in Endo medium. So, examining pasteurized juices on Endo medium, we observed the colonies with the above-mentioned characteristics, but with further microscopy we found large, gram-positive cells of a round shape like yeast. Thus, adherence to standardized techniques for compulsory microscopy of suspicious colonies, including “typical-type” ones, should be mandatory for identification of coliform bacteria. The question also arises as to the appropriateness of revising the list of test strains to control Endo agar selectivity. To spread the use of chromogenic agar for the selective detection and identification of coliform bacteria and E. coli on foods other than milk is promising. This medium makes it possible to identify the most specific and stable signs of the mentioned bacteria, namely beta-D-galactosidase and beta-D-glu-curonidase activity.

Викoристaння енергії біомаси для теплозабезпечення кoмунально-побутових об’єктів господарства

The rise in energy prices and the deterioration of the ecological state of the environment, as a result of the growing consumption of fossil fuels, are prompting humanity to use biomass for energy needs. The agricultural complex is the main biomass producing industry. The transition of the heat supply system to a new basis, namely, to the use of biomass energy for the needs of communal and household facilities of farms, requires new methods for calculating the volume of the energy yield of an alternative source of heat supply based on crop waste, will ensure their more rational use. One of the problems for the effective use of an alternative source of heat supply based on crop waste is the development of a methodological approach to determine its volume for the heating season, taking into account the calorific properties. The purpose of the work is the effective use of an alternative source of heat supply based on crop waste by developing a methodological approach to determine the potential of energy harvest from crop waste, their volumes for the heating season, taking into account the calorific properties and the selection of technological equipment. The effective use of an alternative source of heat supply was carried out due to the rational use of the structure of the cultivated areas of the farm and the determination of the volume of fuel for the heating period, taking into account its calorific value according to ISO 1928: 1995 IDT, DSTU ISO 1928: 2006 "Solid mineral fuels. Determination of the highest calorific value by the method of combustion in a calorimetric bomb and the calculation of the net calorific value". According to the research results, one of the promising and relevant directions for the effective use of the potential of an alternative source of heat supply is proposed, namely the combination of the use of straw and gas compressed into bales. The structure of the fields from which you can harvest 2 crops - food and energy - is presented. With the calorific value of straw 10501 kJ/kg and the volume of its combustion 12.130 centners, the heating period is 162 days, which leads to the replacement of natural gas in the amount of 42 thousand m3/year.

Definition and Analysis of the Main Requirements for Laboratory Competence

The work is devoted to the study of the actual issue of technical regulation and metrology — determination of criteria of competence of laboratories.
 The results of the worldwide accreditation work are subjective in nature and therefore require continuous improvement in the assessment methods used to determine the compliance of laboratories with standard competency requirements.
 The analysis of the main elements of the management system, which, in accordance with the Paretto principle, mainly form the competence of laboratories in its accreditation in the national body was held.
 For the first time, the authors, with the involvement of all stakeholders, have analyzed and identified major competency requirements for laboratories across a wide range of DSTU ISO / IEC 17025: 2017 requirements.
 Also, for the first time, the technology of peer review was applied to the analysis of the criteria of competence of laboratories.
 The recommendations of ILAC, EA and EUROLAB international organizations for the criteria of competence of laboratories are analyzed in detail. Particular attention is given to the introduction of specific requirements for staff competence and accreditation criteria, which are in one way or another related to the competence of the laboratory staff.
 It has been established experimentally (by the method of expert evaluation) that such elements of the management system as risk management, personnel management, internal audit, intralaboratory control and interlaboratory comparisons are considered today to be the most important in confirming the competence of a laboratory.

Study of antibiotic sensitivity of Salmonella spp. developed by food and biological material

Introduction. Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health problem that the world is facing today. Material and methods. Isolation and identification of Salmonella spp. were performed according to DSTU EN 12824: 2004; DSTU ISO 18593: 2006 standards; Nutrient media were manufactured in accordance with DSTU EN ISO 11133: 2014 standard. The antibiotic susceptibility of cultures was determined by the disk diffusion method. The research findings were both studied and interpreted in accordance with EUCAST recommendations. Results. Out of 10 samples (material was obtained from animals, humans and foods), 10 cultures of Salmonella spp. were isolated and analyzed. The cultures were mainly susceptible to semisynthetic and inhibitor-protected penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems and more often to tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides. Most Salmonella spp. strains were intermediate susceptibility to aminoglycosides, 30% of Salmonella spp. strains were susceptible to pefloxacin (II) and only 10% were susceptible to ciprofloxacin (II). Conclusions. The obtained data indicate the screening feasibility of antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella spp.  including a wide range of tested drugs, which may be important in determining the antibiotic therapy.

Ресурсозберігаюча технологія кормоприготування із застосуванням лабораторії з визначення калорійності кормів

The transition of livestock production to a new industrial base requires new ways of controlling standardized feed preparation, which will provide more rational cooking at the lowest cost. One of the problems with the efficient use of feed is the design and establishment of a laboratory for the determination of the caloric content of feed at livestock complexes. The purpose of the work is the efficient use of feed through the development and creation of a laboratory for determining the calorific value of feed in livestock complexes with special technological equipment. Theoretical and experimental studies on the effective use of feed were carried out by designing and setting up a laboratory for determining the calorific value of feed in animal husbandry complexes, developing a calorimetric bomb, determining the calorific value of feed according to ISO 1928: 1995 IDT, DSTU ISO 128: 2006 „Solid mineral fuels. Determination of the highest combustion heat by the method of burning in a calorimetric bomb and calculating the lowest combustion heat. " According to the results of the research, the conditions for the creation of a laboratory with special equipment, bomb calorimeter of the Berthello-Molar-Cracker system were determined. On the example of calorimetric studies of the components of flax it is determined that their calorific value lies in the range of 8302 to 13501 kJ / kg, with the calorific value of the fire and flax straw on average 10.2% less than the calorific value of the grain of cereals and rapeseed straw. Cereal straw is used as coarse feed and livestock for livestock and as biofuel (in the form of bales, pellets, briquettes). On the basis of calorimetric experiments, it is possible to recommend the use of straw and flax, which will be an efficient use of resources. Key words: laboratory, feed calorie content, calorimetric bomb, resource saving, livestock complexes

Уміст жирних кислот у м’язовій тканині свиней за застосування кормових добавок LG-MAX і Сел-Плекс

Уміст жирних кислот у м’язовій тканині свиней за застосування кормових добавок LG-MAX і Сел-Плекс

14 principles of Wilhelm Edwards Deming for quality management of hotel and restaurant ambassador

The possibility of implementing a quality management system in the hotel and restaurant complex of Ukraine based on the William Edwards Deming’s principles of quality management to meet the requirements of ISO 9000 quality standards and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) is substantiated in the article. The purpose of the study is to adapt the William Edwards Deming’s principles of quality management to their implementation in the hotel and restaurant business to ensure the stability of services quality in the modern market, the orientation of managers on creation of conditions for the enterprise’s continuous improvement. Standard DSTU ISO 9000-2015 "Quality management systems. Fundamentals and vocabulary" provides seven general principles of quality management, specific to all activities: customer focus, leadership, employee engagement, process approach, improvement, decision-making based on evidence, relationship management. Ensuring these principles makes it possible to manage the quality of enterprises, including the hotel and restaurant industry. The quality management of hotel and restaurant services is considered as a set of interconnected subjects, objects, principles, methods and functions of management, focused on the development and satisfaction of quality requirements and reduction of its costs. Ukraine has a significant potential in the development of hotel and restaurant services. The expansion of the hotel and restaurant business infrastructure is required as well as the establishment of institutions for employees’ training and retraining. The priority is to develop the country’s own regulatory framework that would regulate the quality of services in this area. The quality management system of hotel and restaurant services must guarantee the customer’s requests satisfaction while being served in the hotel and restaurant at all stages and at all levels. Therefore, the issue of development and practical application of the enterprises’ internal standards which determine the general components of the hotel and restaurant services quality is of great importance.

Research of the impact of quality on the competitiveness of imitated surimi products

The aim of the work was to develop a new methodology for determining the competitiveness of goods on the basis of their quality characteristics and consumer value, as well as to determine with its use the competitiveness of crab sticks of domestic and foreign production. For the first time, a comparative assessment of the consumption properties of antimony products and their competitiveness was used. The impact of quality indicators on the competitiveness of surimi products was found. Research methodology. In the study of quality indicators, the commonly used methods, which are provided by state standards, were used. The determination of competitiveness was based on a comparison of the parameters of the studied product with the parameters of the product that most fully reflects the requirements of consumers. Purpose. To study the consumer indicators of quality of surimi products and determine the competitiveness of crab sticks of domestic and foreign production. For the first time, a comparative assessment of the consumption properties of surimi products and their competitiveness was used using the new method. The influence of quality indicators on the competitiveness of surimi products is revealed. The subject of the study was surimi products, namely crab sticks of the premium brand, manufactured by Aquafrost LLC; the Santa Bremor trademark (manufactured by the Republic of Belarus); the Crab Krabych trademark (manufactured by Lithuania); the VICI trademark (manufactured by Lithuania) and the Water World trademark manufactured by Aquafrost LLC. The subject of the study was the consumer properties of the product and their consumption value. Research methods. In the study of quality indicators, we used the standard methods prescribed by national standards. The determination of competitiveness was based on a comparison of the parameters of the investigated product with the parameters of the product, which most fully reflects the requirements of consumers according to the newly developed method. To determine the consumption properties of the product (crab sticks) used the standard method according to DSTU ISO 4121: 1987 Sensory analysis. Scaling of food products. The newly developed method of assessing competitiveness was carried out by determining the relative quality index and the relative retail price index. For the first time, a method for determining the competitiveness of goods based on the indices of the consumer properties of the goods and the consumption value was developed and implemented. The influence of consumption properties and cost on the competitiveness of crab sticks of domestic and foreign manufacturers was studiedIt is proved that the competitiveness of crab sticks depends on their quality and cost. The most competitive in the market of surimi products imitated, and therefore the best in quality were the crab sticks manufactured by TM “VICI”, TM “Krab Krabych” and TM “Premium”. The developed method and the studied indicators of quality and competitiveness make it possible to use them in forming the range of products in retail trade. Keywords: surimi products, quality assessment, competitiveness, quality index, retail price, prototype, competing product. REFERENCES 1. Blonska, V. I., Depa, N. T. (2010). Porivnialna kharakterystyka metodiv otsinky konkurentospromozhnosti produktsii Naukovyi visnyk NLTU Ukrainy. 20.15, 115–120. 2. Yudin, M. (2010). Porivnialna kharakterystyka metodiv otsinky konkurentospromozhnosti produktsii Ekonomist. 6, 40–42. 3. Klymenko, S. M., Dubrova, O. S., Barabas D. O. (2006). Upravlinnia konkurentospromozhnistiu pidpryiemstva. – Kiev : KNEU. 4. Treshchov, M. M. (2009). Metody otsiniuvannia konkurentospromozhnosti produktsii Ekonomichnyi prostir. 23 (1), 118–126. 5. Pambuk, S. A. (2015). Problemy yakosti zamorozhenykh moreproduktiv, shcho predstavleni na suchasnomu rynku Ukrayiny Naukovi pratsi ONAKHT. 6, 60–63. 6. Ustenko, I. A., Mardar, M. R., Pambuk, S. A. .(2015). Marketynhovi doslidzhennya rynku produktsiyi iz surimi Ahrosvit. 9, 37–43. 7. DSTU 5097. (2009). Produktsiya iz surmi imitovana. Tekhnichni umovy : – K.: Derzhspazhivstandart Ukrainy. Natsionalʹnyy standart Ukrayiny. 8. DSTU ISO 4121 (ISO 4121:2003, IDT). (2010).Doslidzhennia sensorne. Nastanovy shchodo zastosuvannia shkal kilkisnykh reaktsii : – K.: Derzhspazhivstandart Ukrainy. Natsionalʹnyy standart Ukrayiny. Published : 2020-05-12

Soluble silicon compounds in soils of different granulometric composition of the western region of Ukraine

One of the most common elements in the earth's crust is silicon. In soils, its content varies widely. One hundred years ago, the role of silicon in agriculture and human nutrition was not paid attention. But with the intensification of agricultural production in addition to the basic elements, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, the importance of which for crop yields is recognized, much attention was paid to secondary and trace elements, in particular, silicon. The aim of the research was to determine the content of soluble silicon compounds in the arable layer of chernozem-type soils depending on their particle size distribution. The research was conducted on arable lands of Novoushitsky district of Khmelnytsky region. In soil samples were determined: particle size distribution and content of fractions of particle size elements of different sizes according to DSTU 4730: 2007; pH of salt extract according to DSTU ISO 10390: 2001; humus content according to DSTU 4289: 2004; the content of metabolic compounds of calcium and magnesium by extraction with 1.0 M solution of KCl. Silicon compounds in soils were determined by the method of Mullen and Riley with extraction of silicon by VV Matychenkov. Studies conducted on the soils of agricultural lands of Khmelnytsky region have shown that the content of silicon compounds in soils is related to the particle size distribution of the soil, values of metabolic acidity, humus content, as well as the composition and content of exchangeable cations. The average values of easily accessible silicon compounds in the studied soils of agricultural lands of Novoushitsky district of Khmelnytsky region range from 87 to 120 mg / kg SiO2, and hard-to-reach - 520-854 mg / kg SiO2. To assess the content of silicon compounds in the soils of Ukraine and the need for the use of silicon fertilizers, we propose to use the ratio between the content of readily available (active) and hard-to-reach (potential) silicon. Optimal values should be 3-4 for the ratio of metabolic calcium to hard-to-reach silicon 5-6. The studied soils of Novoushitsky district of Khmelnytsky region have low-deficit and deficit-free balance of silicon, both easily accessible and hard-to-reach forms. Since the yield of winter wheat was closely related to the content of readily available silicon compounds (r = 0.74 ± 0.09), it is important to continue research to establish the norms of silicon fertilizers.

Interlaboratory comparisons of the results of the work of the chemical­analytical unit of JSC “The URIR named after A. S. Berezhnoy” in 2018

One of the activity areas of JSC “The URIR named after A. S. Berezhnoy” is assistance to refractory industry enterprises of Ukraine in ensuring their work in the quality monitoring of products and raw materials.
 The comparison of work quality of chemical­analytical units of following enterprises: JSC “KDZ”, PJSC “Chasovoyarsk Refractory Plant”, JSC “Velikoanadol Refractory Plant” and JSC “The URIR named after A. S. Berezhnoy” was carried out. The discrepancy between the average results of components determination in the chemical­analytical units of refractory enterprises and in the chemical­analytical laboratory of JSC “The URIR named after A. S. Berezhnoy” does not exceed the value of in terms of ND. The work quality of chemical­analytical units of central refractory laboratories of all the above mentioned enterprises is satisfactory. Recommendations to improve the accuracy of analysis results are not required.
 The work on interlaboratory comparison of work results of the chemical­analytical unit of JSC “The URIR named after A. S. Berezhnoy” and IP “SGS Ukraine” was completed. The quality of interlaboratory comparisons carried out between the Testing Centre of IP “SGS Ukraine” and JSC “The URIR named after A. S. Berezhnoy” was found to be satisfactory. The test results were accepted by the NAAU during the next inspection as corresponding to DSTU ISO / IEC 17025:2006.

Use of Maldi-TOF mass spectrometry in veterinary mycology

Use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry to identify yeast and molds in animal feed. The material for the work was animal feed samples received for research from diff erent regions of Ukraine. The presence of yeast and molds was determined according to DSTU ISO 7954:2006. To establish the general contamination of the feed with micromycetes, the fungi were fi rst isolated from the feed by planting them on Saburo medium, and the serial dilution method was used to calculate the content of fungi diaspores in 1 g of feed. The feed samples were incubated and studied at a temperature of 24 ° C for 5–7 days. The identifi cation of molds was carried out using the MALDI-TOF method. In the process of mycological examination of feed during 2018–2019. 198 animal feed samples were examined. During the study period, the largest number of feed was examined, which was 30.4% in 2018, of the total number of samples (19.6% - feed for poultry, 10.8% - for pigs). For fi ve months of 2019, we observed the same trend: in 31.1% of cases, the defi nitions of yeast and molds in compound feeds prevailed, of which 19.8% accounted for compound feeds for poultry and in 11.3% of cases for pigs. In second place in the number of studies, corn samples are 11.9 and 11.3% in 2018 and 2019, respectively. The most common types of fungi in the feed were representatives of the genera Fusarium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Alternaria, Mucor, Rhizopus, Cladosporium. The affi liation of microscopic fungi to specifi c genera was determined by assessing the morphology of the fungal colony on media and the morphology of conidiophore structures Particular attention was paid to microscopic fungi of the Fusarium family, which are producers of various mycotoxins. Using the MALDI Biotyper software, automatic identifi cation was performed based on a comparison of the collected initial spectra of the fungus with the reference spectra of the database of the instrument itself, as well as with the library of the University of Belgium (BCCM, Belgian Co-Ordinateo collections of micro-organism). Following the results of mass spectrometry, microscopic fungi of the Fusarium family were represented by 9 species. Of these, 5 species were most often found: F. proliferatum, F. acutatum, F. subglutinans, F. verticillioides. Among the fungi of the Aspergillus family, A. fl avus, A. pseudoglaucus, A. tubingensis, and A. niger predominated. Species identifi cation of microscopic fungi using mass spectrometry helps quickly and accurately identify mold fungi and yeast. Determination of the species affi liation of microscopic organisms occurs through analysis of the protein fraction of the lysate of microscopic fungi and yeast ("direct protein profi ling"). MALDI Biotyper software includes automatic identifi cation of molds based on a comparison of the output spectra with the reference spectra of the database. Identifi cation of microorganisms using MALDI-TOF MS is based on the assessment of ribosomal proteins that are usually present in the cell. The sensitivity of the MALDI-TOF MS method is 103106 m.k./cm. In this case, the accuracy of identifi cation depends on the amount of test material. To determine the likelyhood of identifi cation, a given logarithmic indicator is the compliance coeffi cient Score, the value of which is used to evaluate the reliability and adequacy of the results. The higher the match rate, the more likely it is to get the correct identifi cation result. MALDI-TOF technology for mass spectrometric identifi cation of micromycetes has a high measurement speed, low cost of reagents and materials used, and simple preparation holes. MALDI-TOF MS has a high diagnostic sensitivity. Key words: mold identifi cation, MALDI-TOF, mass spectrometry, Fusarium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Alternaria, Mucor, Rhizopus, Cladosporium.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ЯКОСТІ ПИТНОЇ ВОДИ ЗА ПОКАЗНИКОМ ВМІСТУ ТРИГАЛОГЕНМЕТАНІВ

У статті досліджено якість питної води м. Запоріжжя за показником вмісту тригалогенметанів, а саме хлороформу (CHCI3), бромдихлорметану (CHBrCI2), дибромхлорметану (CHBr2CI) та трихлорметану (CHBr3). В основу досліджень покладено регламентований ДСанПін 2.2.4-171-10 хроматографічний метод визначення хлорорганічних сполук за ДСТУ ISO 10301-2004. Кількісне визначення тригалогенметанів проводилось на приладі хроматограф «Кристалл 2000М». Отримані результати щодо вмісту хлорорганічних сполук у воді не перевищують норми, що встановлені в Україні та ВООЗ.

Development and implementation of a quality management system according to DSTU ISO 9001:2015 at the research Institute of medical profile – own experience

The aim of the work is to consider the experience of the medical research institute in the development and implementation of a quality management system in accordance with the requirements of DSTU ISO 9001:2015. Material and methods. The study used general scientific methods of empirical and theoretical knowledge, logical methods and techniques, as well as methods of system analysis, comparison, analogy and generalization. Results. The article presents our experience in the development and implementation of a quality management system (QMS), developed on the basis of the requirements of DSTU ISO 9001:2015. Modern management principles using international standards ISO 9001:2015 determine the basis for increasing the effectiveness of a medical research institution. The implementation of the QMS is a large‑scale and rather complex project, it covers the entire contingent of employees. The assessment of the features of the functioning of a research medical institution in modern conditions. A model of the management processes of a research medical institution has been developed. The criteria and methods of monitoring and analysis have been applied to evaluate the progress and level of effectiveness of the main processes of research and medical care, and plans for their improvement have been developed. Compliance with the DSTU ISO 9001:2015 standard confirms that the achieved management level meets the standard requirements that reflect internationally recognized management methods for the production of a scientific product and medical services of guaranteed quality. Conclusion. Our own experience in implementing the QMS at the Institute has shown the feasibility of the decision. The creation of an organization management system focused on the introduction of modern technologies and quality management methods is the key to the stable functioning of a medical research institution in modern conditions. The priority of the principle of continuous quality improvement and improving the effectiveness of the QMS ensures the achievement of the main goal of the organization.

Risk analysis on technical safety of production of welded structures using non-destructive test and technical diagnostics

The object of research is welded structures and their production.There is always a risk, but it is obvious that making decisions to minimize and eliminate it requires a structured and systematic approach. For example, top, middle and line managers need to constantly analyze the risks associated with the dangers that arise in very difficult situations in the welding industry.An algorithm for the formation of risk during the operation of welded structures is constructed. A process approach is proposed with the aim of analyzing deviations in the design, production and maintenance processes. The parameters of the ultimate state of the welded structure from mechanical stresses and the quality indicators of corrosion effects are determined. The calculated formulas for the speed (probability) of reaching limit states from mechanical stresses are selected. To analyze the combination of actions, it is recommended to use the Bayesian grid method. It has been established that one of the main tasks of the welding production quality management system according to DSTU ISO 9001:2015 is to ensure the identification of potential inconsistencies in the welding production system and to prevent their detection through risk management. Deviations of the processes of the management system are the reasons for the formation of a shortage of products and the risk of an emergency at work. The success of risk management will depend on the effectiveness of the management structure, which provides the rationale and measures that integrate it throughout the welding plant at all levels. The structure helps to implement effective risk management through the production of risk management processes and non-destructive testing and technical diagnostics at different levels and within the specific context of the enterprise. The structure ensures that the risk information obtained in the risk management process appropriately is used as the basis for making decisions and appointing those responsible for the result at all relevant levels of welding production.

ВНЕДРЕНИЕ РИСК-ОРИЕНТИРОВАННОГО МЫШЛЕНИЯ В ПРАКТИКУ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ АВИАЦИОННЫХ ДВИГАТЕЛЕЙ

It is regarded the requirements of standard DSTU ISO 9001 - 2015 and main principles of risk-management introduction in the organization, and also the necessity of planning actions, connected with risks and possibilities of planning in the aviation engines creation in the general system of enterprise quality management. It is analyzed the system approach to the consideration of risks. It is determined, that in the hierarchical structure of project works of the risks management should be three task blocks, base steps, applicable in any situation, in any business and at any level of the hierarchy the enterprises necessary at the introduction of managerial process. It is defined, that the direction of efforts to the possible risk-management creates a basis for the increase of productivity of quality management system in general, achievements of the improved results and prevention of adverse consequences. The idea develops, that the risk-management is a link with all other organization management systems. Thus, introducing procedures and risk-management tools in SMK, we could consistently develop risk-focused thinking of all heads and employees of the enterprise. The essence of risks management comes down to prioritization and correct distribution of resources. It is marked, how it is important to carry out the predesign preparation when the team together with management audits an existing state of the company. How it is necessary to formulate exact results which will be reached during the project, and aspire to them. To be able to formalize protection of results of the project, to show to yourself, to management and employees of the enterprise, that management even if it is an only small local process, became risk-focused and works by new rules. It is noted, how much important do not make mistakes in the work on of risks control system introduction. Otherwise, we automatically cease to introduce this system and start to develop, adapt and update the indefinitely difficult, more hierarchical system of document circulation which is an excellent simulator of the risks control system. Do not to try with the help documents and registers to simulate the working risks control system, it is better to develop the good tools help to spend our budget correctly on the solution the necessary and priority problems. The essence of risks management comes down to prioritization and correct distribution of resources. Risk-management studying is an important problem for heads of all levels of the modern enterprise. It is a universal and demanded field of knowledge. The information on the given issue is accessible, experts are opened to dialogue, the community of risk-managers grows every year

ЯКІСТЬ ПІДГОТОВКИ ВІЙСЬКОВИХ ФАХІВЦІВ У КОНТЕКСТІ ПОНЯТЬ СИСТЕМНОСТІ ТА ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНОСТІ

Introduction. The necessity and relevance of the study of military specialists’ training quality in modern conditions is determined, first of all, by the need to ensure a high level of defense capability, combat readiness and combat capability of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The problem of the quality of education is often declared and does not find effective materialization as a result of inadequate study of its systemic, technological, and security issues. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the quality of military specialists’ training as a system and technological category of military education. Methods . For the purpose of the research the system of general scientific and special methods of theoretical (analysis of scientific publication on the problem, systematization and generalization, content analysis, systemic, technological approach) and empirical research (control of the educational process, use of diagnostic tools) was used. Results . The quality of education as a system must meet the requirements of the Public Standards DSTU ISO 9001-2001: “Plan-Do-Check-Act”. The main tools and mechanisms of scientific management of military specialists’ training quality have been substantiated. The technological approach to the quality of military specialists’ training as a system with the following components is developed: projective; procedural; control and monitoring; corrective. The problem of a systematic approach to the content of military education is revealed. The principles, which can be used as the basis for the development and implementation of the competent model of the military specialist, are grounded. Originality . For the first time, the concept of the quality of education as a system and technology in the context of the author’s theory of system transformation has been defined. The consideration of the system and technological approach to the quality of specialists’ training should ensure the innovative development of military education. Conclusion. Perspective directions of further researches: substantiation of ways and mechanisms of practical realization of system and technological approach to the quality of military experts’ training.

РИЗИК-МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ СТІЙКОГО ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА В УМОВАХ НЕВИЗНАЧЕНОСТІ

У статті розглянуто поняття невизначеності середовища функціонування підприємства, досліджено сутність і природу загроз та ризиків, встановлено відмінність між ризиком та невизначеністю. Досліджено систему ризик-менеджменту на підприємстві. Встановлено, що система ризик-менеджменту є невід’ємною складовою частиною підсистеми менеджменту організації та являє собою систему управління ризиками на основі процесу їх ідентифікації, оцінки та аналізу, а також вибору і використання методів нейтралізації їх наслідків, що спрямована на досягнення необхідного балансу між стратегічними можливостями підприємства та рівнем ризику.Здійснено аналіз міжнародних стандартів ризик-менеджменту та розглянуті особливості національних стандартів. Визначено, що в Україні діє Державний стандарт ДСТУ ISO 31000:2018, який надає можливість суб’єкту господарювання порівняти свою практику управління ризиками з міжнародним досвідом. Узагальнено основні фактори впливу ризиків на систему управління. Доведено, що сьогодення вимагає постійного моніторингу ризикоутворюючих факторів для створення ефективної та гнучкої системи господарювання підприємства в умовах ринкової кон’юнктури. Представлено та деталізовано етапи ризик-менеджменту: аналіз оточення, ідентифікація ризику, аналіз ризику, оптимізація ризиків. Розглянуто особливості управління ризиками та основні методи їх оптимізації на підприємстві для мінімізації їх впливу на результати діяльності підприємства. Встановлено, що ризик для кожного підприємства є індивідуальним, тому і використання того чи іншого методу оптимізації є також індивідуальним і визначається умовами зовнішнього та внутрішнього середовища.Світовий досвід найбільш часто використовує зовнішні методи (страхування, хеджування, диверсифікація, розподіл ризику) та внутрішні методи (самострахування, лімітування, забезпечення якості виготовленої продукції, бізнес-планування) зниження ризиків підприємства. Узагальнено, що від прийнятої концепції управління ризиками значною мірою залежить ефективність всього ризик-менеджменту та результативність діяльності економічних суб’єктів.

Safety of coffee production as the main competitive advantage of the company in the market

The relevance of implementing the principles of product safety management caused by the necessity to implement this standard by the Ukrainian enterprises while forming the image of a safe food producer, thereby expressing a serious attitude to the opinion and health of consumers. An equally important effect of the implementation of this standard is the investment attractiveness of the company and the ability to enter the foreign market. Thus, Ukrainian products will be in demand by consumers in the foreign market due to decent quality and affordable prices. Analysis of the prospects for the implementation of the HACCP standard will allow the company to interest the consumer in the purchase of coffee products, reduce the cost of its production, expand its product portfolio and increase distribution channels. The article aims to study the benefits for the company from the application of HACCP, to characterize the process of its implementation and to provide a typical example of real deviations in the designed enterprise models. Methodology: during the study, a qualitative analysis of the existing DSTU ISO 22000: 2007 standard was carried out, as well as the analysis of the existing deviations of coffee production. The scientific significance of the study lies in the fact that, based on the conducted research results, it is possible to develop typical processes for the accelerated implementation of HACCP standards, which in turn will accelerate the intensity of its high-quality implementation. The value of the research is that, based on the implementation of standards for the management of safe coffee products, the consumer receives a quality product, while the state obtains a certified manufacturer and potential exporter. JEL Classification: L15, K13, J28.