DSTU ISO Research Articles

Influence of Climate Changes on Hydrothermal Regime of Dark Gray Podzolized Soil of Western Forest Steppe

Thermal properties of soil are important conditions that determine the nature and intensity of soil processes, but the features of the formation of thermal and water regimes of dark gray podzolized soil of the Ukrainian Forest Steppe are insufficiently studied. The purpose of the presented materials is to highlight the dynamics of the annual course of temperature and humidity of the air and dark gray podzolized soil to determine the peculiarities of the formation of its hydrothermal regime in modern agro-climatic conditions of the Forest Steppe zone. The study of soil temperature was carried out during 2008-2019 in the Rivne region using generally accepted standards and methods (DSTU ISO 11464-2007, DSTU ISO 11465-2001, DSTU B B.2.1-17:2009, DSTU B B.2.1-25:2009). Surface air temperature observations throughout the study period indicate an increase in average annual temperature, and five-year averages of the sum of effective air temperatures above 10°C show tends to increase. The study of the relationship between the temperature of the surface air layer and dark gray soil in the Rivne region confirmed that the correlation of these indicators is linear. Analyzing the dynamics of temperature indicators, it should be noted a significant increase in maximum soil temperatures, due to which there is an increase in average annual temperatures. Detailing of soil warming indicators according to the data of ten years showed that during 2008-2017 the soils warmed up much more than in the average during the whole period of meteorological observations. According to the accepted classification, the studied soils belong to the seasonally freezing type, moderately warm subtype and genus with medium heat supply. The results obtained during the study allow to justify changes in the hydrothermal conditions of dark gray podzolized soil and determine the needs for corrective measures in crop production to maintain sustainable yields and ensure enhanced fertility reproduction

METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ASSESSING THE COMPETENCE OF LABORATORY PERSONNEL DETERMINING THE QUALITY OF SEED POTATOES

Most of the quality indicators regulated by the standard for seed potato certification are determined by the subjective component, that is, the competence of the personnel. However, the regulatory framework does not establish criteria for assessing competence, which poses uncontrolled risks in the laboratory. The purpose of the study is to develop and investigate the methodology for assessing the competence of laboratory personnel involved in the testing of seed potatoes and determine the extent of application of the methodology. The methods of probability theory and mathematical statistics are used for the tasks of selection and research of statistical criteria that correspond to the law of distribution of the obtained data and provide the necessary reliability for the available sample volumes. The statistics and the method of determining the threshold value, which mathematically describes the decision-making on competence, are provided for the binomial distribution law. The properties of the proposed statistical method for assessing the competence of personnel in terms of finding the maximum differences in the results of the analysis, at which the personnel are recognised as competent, are investigated. The study demonstrates the dependence of the method capacity on the data volume. It is determined that to obtain a confidence probability of 0.95 for quality indicators, the content of which in the average sample according to the technical conditions is minimal, the sample size should be 600-1000 tubers. At the same time, up to 100 tubers are sufficient for indicators whose content is under 5%. The method proposed by the authors showed that the average sample of 250 tubers recommended by the standard is entirely justified in terms of attracting resources during certification but must be adjusted during competence monitoring in a testing laboratory that confirms its competence by the requirements of DSTU ISO IEC 17025:2019. The findings presented can be used by the personnel in the seed testing laboratories as a measure to minimise the risks caused by the impact of personnel incompetence

Stress Method for Pre-Sowing Stimulation of Seeds and Determination of Their Bioenergy Capacity by Calorimetry

Introduction. To date, many different devices and methods have been developed for pre-sowing stimulation of seeds in order to increase yields and to maximize the seed bioenergy capacity.Problem Statement. However, the conventional methods for pre-sowing stimulation of seeds with subsequent determination of germination require a wide range of equipment and consumables plus long research time. Developing new methods of pre-sowing treatment and the development of new methods for determining the bioenergycapacity of sowing material is a promising field of research.Purpose. The purpose of this research is to study the stress method for pre-sowing stimulation of seeds and determination of its bioenergy capacity by the calorimetry method.Materials and Methods. To determine the bioenergy capacity of seed material, two batches of Myronivska-808 variety wheat seeds are taken, one of which is subjected to a stress in the form of impact on a rigid surface. The bioenergy capacity of the seed has been determined with the use of the calorimetric device B-08 M, according to DSTU ISO 1928:2006.Results. It has been shown that the bioenergy capacity before and after impact is 10842 kJ/kg and 12649 kJ/kg, respectively, the difference between them is 1807 kJ/kg. This indicates that as a result of the stress treatment of the seeds, their bioenergy capacity increases by 14.3%. At the same time, no seed damages caused by falling of the seed mass from a height of 3 m on a motionless surface have been found.Conclusions. An increase in the bioenergy capacity of seeds after impact by 14—15% indicates that the stress method of pre-sowing stimulation is rather effective. The use of calorimetry methods may be recommended as a way to control the quality of the stress method of pre-sowing stimulation of seed material.

PROCEDURE FOR DEBUGGING REPLICA CLASS ERRORS IN RULE-ORIENTED KNOWLEDGE BASES

The problems of error detection by experts in the rule-oriented knowledge bases of oriented information systems, which occurring at the stage of the knowledge base formation, are considered. It has been determined that such errors are associated with the contradictory opinions of experts and / or the limited (imperfect) description of the subject area. The approaches to their debugging were analyzed. The ways of improving the existing approaches to debugging static errors of the “replica” class and possible ways of applying the obtained solutions to eliminate errors “contradictoriness”, “redundancy”, “incompleteness” have been shown. Considering the requirements for the accuracy of information presentation, the solutions for expanding the content of the definition of the static error of the rule-oriented knowledge base have been proposed. The issues of the influence of the "replica" class errors on the results of output in accordance with the rules of the rule-oriented knowledge base were considered. The possibility of using graph theory methods for solving the problem of debugging errors of the "replica" class has been proved. The algorithmic structures for identifying and debugging errors of the specified class, which in contrast to existing solutions allow to identify duplicate apexes at each rank of the graph to which the rule-oriented knowledge base is amounted to, have been developed. A software implementation of detecting and debugging static errors of incomplete, fragmentary and complete duplication has been developed. Due to usage of recursion, the requirements for preparing an array of input data for processing were reduced. The solutions obtained are compatible with the requirements of DSTU ISO / IEC 9126, DSTU ISO / IEC 14598 and consider the requirements of the Software Quality Requirements and Evaluation family of standards as the value of the apexes of the event tree graph. In the process of solving the problem, the specifics of the functioning of the man-machine system was considered. In particular, the possibility of formalizing various aspects of knowledge (alethic, dissisional, casual, dianistic) and assurance of a given level of operativeness in finding solutions has been accounted.

РОЗРИВАЛЬНІ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ КОМПЛЕКСНОЇ ПОЛІЕТИЛЕНОВОЇ НИТКИ

Purpose. To investigate the influence of the number of threads resisting to break, the griping length, and the change in the position of the interlacing point when threading with a loop the breaking characteristics of complex polyethylene threads in the form of a loop.Methodology. In the course of the research, experimental research methods were used to determine the breaking characteristics of high molecular weight polyethylene threads on a WDW-5ES tensile machine in accordance with DSTU ISO 2062: 2004, the main provisions of textile materials science and knitting theory, methods of analysis and synthesis of the results obtained. Results. Based on the results of the studies, the influence of different factors on the breaking characteristics of complex multifilament threads was determined, namely: the influence of the number of threads resting on the break, the griping length and the change in the position of the weave point when threading with a loop. In the course of research, the griping length was changed in the range from 25mm to 300mm, and with a stable griping length (100 mm), the location of the thread weave point relative to the lower grip (25mm, 50mm, 75mm) was changed. It has been found that the breaking characteristics of a complex polyethylene yarn are influenced by both the griping length and the location of the weave point in the case of a loop-shaped break. The magnitude of the specific breaking force in the study of loop-shaped rupture is greater than in the study of straight segments of the thread. This is due to parallelization and compaction of the filaments due to the presence of the weave point on the thread that resists tearing. Scientific novelty. Regularities of the effect of griping length, linear density, and location of the point of weave of the complex high molecular threads in relation to the downer and upper grip are established provided that the griping length (100 mm) remains unchanged on the value of breaking load and elongation.Practical significance. Determination of the factors affecting the breaking characteristics of a complex polyethylene yarn will allow in the future, at the stage of designing the structure of knitwear in computer 3D modeling systems, to provide for the magnitude of the breaking force.

МЕТОДОЛОГІЯ SCRUM, ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ МЕХАНІЗМУ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ГНУЧКОГО ПІДХОДУ ДО ЗМІН В ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ВИПРОБУВАЛЬНОЇ ЛАБОРАТОРІЇ ЛЕГКОЇ ПРОМИСЛОВОСТІ

The testing laboratory of light industry carries out tests of various types of materials for compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents: standards, regulations, technical conditions, etc. According to the goals of customers, tests can be conducted to allow products to enter the market and confirm the possibility of safe use and application of products, as well as to determine the actual quality of products, providing customer confidence, as a result, reduces economic risks. To ensure that the results are recognized by all market participants, the test laboratory must be accredited to comply with international standards. Accreditation is carried out in accordance with DSTU ISO / IEC 17025: 2019 [1]. By implementing a management system in accordance with the standard, the test laboratory demonstrates confirmation of the laboratory's competence and ensures the recognition of test results. At the same time, it demonstrates compliance with the principles and requirements of DSTU ISO 9001: 2015 [2]. There is no specific methodology for the implementation of the requirements of the standard. Each laboratory must determine it at its own discretion. We will try to apply for the implementation and enforcement of the requirements of DSTU ISO / IEC 17025: 2019 [1] SCRUM methodology. When we talk about the SCRUM methodology, we often mean a flexible software development methodology based on SCRUM rules and practices. But recently it is increasingly used in other industries, such as finance and banking, project development and more. Thanks to the strategies and capabilities of the SCRUM methodology, teamwork is built, the desire to achieve a common goal, the quality of processes, professionalism is ensured. Daily DAILY SCRUM where everyone answers three questions: what has been done, what is planned, what are the obstacles; allows you to determine the status of work, identify obstacles, make appropriate decisions to achieve goals. This aspect is directly related to the requirement of DSTU ISO / IEC 17025: 2019 [1] for the activities of the test laboratory and is the basis of process management using the PDCA cycle (Plan-Do-Check-Act). DSTU ISO 9001: 2015 [2]. To make a test lab a success, a manager needs to be mindful of the opportunities and potential, while taking into account market expectations, to offer services and deadlines that suit all stakeholders.

CИСТЕМА УПРАВЛІННЯ ЯКІСТЮ ДЛЯ ГОТЕЛЬНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ З УРАХУВАННЯМ ВИМОГ СТАНДАРТУ ДСТУ ISO 9001:2015

The integration of Ukraine into European structures and the world economic system requires ensuring the competitiveness of domestic enterprises both in the domestic and foreign markets, which is primarily associated with improving the quality of products and services. The constant improvement of the quality of products, works and services will contribute, first of all, to the formation of a positive international image of Ukraine and the revival of domestic enterprises. The modern philosophy in ensuring the quality of products, processes and services for any enterprise, institution, organization is the construction of effective quality management systems based on the international standards ISO 9000 series. For enterprises of the hotel and restaurant industry, as the most significant segment of the tourism industry, the issue of improving the quality of products and services always remains relevant, even in the context of the economic and financial crisis. The development of the Ukrainian market of hotel services is aimed at reforming and adapting hotel enterprises to changes in the market environment, increasing the competitiveness and efficiency of Ukrainian hotel enterprises in the world market, and introducing world standards for the quality of hotel services. The main goal of a hotel company seeking to achieve an international competitiveness is building up a quality management system and obtain a quality certificate for compliance with international standards ISO 9000. It requires compliance with the requirements of the hotel company's material base, staff qualifications and an effective organizational and functional structure of the enterprise. The article explores the essence and significance of the quality management system in the activities of hotel enterprises. The principles of quality management are considered in detail: customer orientation; leadership; staff involvement; process approach; improvement; making decisions based on evidence; relationship management. Taking into account the requirements of DSTU ISO 9001:2015, quality management processes that are typical for hotel and restaurant enterprises are defined and described.

Дослідження властивостей комбінованих систем підвищеної біологічної цінності на основі олієвмісної сировини та борошна

Goal. To establish and compare organoleptic and physicochemical parameters (moisture, acidity, crude gluten content) of wheat flour of the highest grade with the developed (using mathematical methods of modeling) three combined systems with the improved amino-acid composition based on wheat flour and oil-containing raw materials — meal of oilseeds. Methods. Organoleptic characteristics of flour and combined systems were determined according to the methods of GOST 27558-87. Physicochemical parameters, namely: moisture, acidity, crude gluten content were determined according to the methods of GOST 9404-88, GOST 27493-87, DSTU ISO 21415-1:2009, respectively. Results. The developed flour combined systems (FCS) have a moisture content of less than 15%, therefore, meet the requirements of GSTU 46.004-99. The determined indicator of the acidity of the flour, which further determines its shelf life, proves that the addition of wheat flour to the meal composition leads to an increase in this indicator. The highest acidity (4.99 degrees) was recorded for the flour combined system based on the composition of sunflower and soybean meal. The content of crude gluten due to the impossibility of its washing in FCS with flax meal is not established. Conclusions. It is established that flour combined systems on such indicators as humidity are within the approved norms for wheat flour. According to the requirements for the quality of flour in terms of acidity, flour combined systems based on meal compositions cannot be classified as higher or first grades. Due to the high biological value and positive organoleptic and physicochemical parameters of flour combined systems, in the future, they will be used in recipes for healthy bread.

Critical results in medical laboratory. management and communication

The medical community is gaining increased attention to streamlining a clear mechanism for reporting critical test results in the clinic. DSTU ISO 15189: 2015 requires laboratories to report critical test results to clinitians within a specified period of time. Moreover, they should have a clearly established procedure in place. In order to standardize processes and avoid misunderstandings between stakeholders, international organizations (RCPA, AACB, CLSI) have developed terminology, communication algorithm and requirements for data documentation. In order to harmonize this part, a lot of surveys have been conducted as to which analytes should be included in the notification sheet and, in particular, the limits of their values for hematological, hemostasiological and biochemical studies. According to ICSH recommendations, critical risk results include hemoglobin, leukocytes, neutrophils, platelets, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT) / international normalization ratio (INR) and fibrinogen. The laboratories include different biochemical tests in the alert list. The most common analytes are glucose, potassium, sodium and calcium. It should be noted that this alert list is only recommended for clinical laboratories, such as the number of indicators and alert threshold of analytes should be agreed with the clinicians of a particular medical institution, taking into account their experience and local patient population. The developed recommendations will allow to react as quickly as possible to situations that may threaten patient’s life, provide qualified medical care in a timely manner and adjust work processes in accordance with the requirements of international standards.

Результати статичних випробувань захисних конструкцій кабін сільськогосподарських тракторів

The purpose of research is determination of cabin deformation indicators using standardized methods and developed technical means. Research methods. The tests were performed according to the methods described in [DSTU ISO 5700, 2019] using a loading bench, pressure and displacement sensors, digital measuring amplifier Spider 8 and laptop Panasonic CF-19 Touchbook, model: CF-19KHR88PE. Research results. The protective structure AI.209.45.011.00 of the cab of tractors type C25 "Slobozhanets" was provided for testing. Before the tests, the dimensions of the cab structure were measured and recorded. During the first longitudinal loading from front to right, the load was applied to the upper transverse element of the protective structure. The point of application of the load was at a distance of 260 mm from the outer corner of the edge of the protective structure. An even load distribution in the direction perpendicular to the direction of action and along the loading beam was ensured using a sealing element. The value of the energy absorbed by the protective structure was 13100 J (required energy - 12586 J) with a maximum applied force of 82 kN and a displacement of 340 mm. During the first and second compression tests, the structure was loaded vertically with a force of 180 kN along the front and rear upper transverse elements of the protective structure with a holding of the specified force for 5 s. The side load was applied horizontally to the upper right longitudinal element of the protective structure at a distance of 85 mm forward from the control point of the driver's seat. The length of the loading beam was 600 mm. The value of the energy absorbed by the protective structure of 17000 J (required energy - 15732 J) at a maximum applied force of 80 kN and a displacement of 290 mm was achieved. After all test stages, the frontmost point of the protective structure was 70 mm and the front left point was 35 mm. The rear end points were also shifted backwards by 45 mm - right and 30 mm - left. In the lateral direction, the front right extreme point moved forward by 15 mm. After the tests, the free space area was not violated. Conclusions. The methods and technical means used during the tests allow determine the magnitude of the applied forces and deformation with the necessary accuracy and reliability. During the compression tests, the values of the test force (180 kN) were achieved, and during the application of horizontal loads - the energy absorbed by the protective structure (13100 J - longitudinal load and 17000 J - lateral load). The greatest final deformation was suffered by the protective structure at the front extreme point - 70 mm, while the violation of the zone of free space of the driver by the elements of the protective structure is not observed. Therefore, the protective structure AI.209.45.011.00 cab of tractors type C25 "Slobozhanets" withstood static tests for compliance with DSTU ISO 5700.

Інформаційна модель системи управління якістю закладу вищої освіти у сфері охорони здоров’я

Актуальність. У європейському суспільстві вища освіта, дослідження та інновації стають істотною складовою соціально-економічного і культурного розвитку. Особливого значення вони набувають у сфері вищої медичної (до-та післядипломної) освіти, оскільки суттєво впливають на стан здоров’я суспільства шляхом підготовки кадрового складу галузі охорони здоров’я. Мета дослідження. Розробити інформаційну модель системи управління якістю закладу вищої медичної освіти на основі ISO 9001:2015 та його національного аналогу ДСТУ ISO 9001:2015. Результати. Результати системного аналізу структури і змісту ISO 9001:20015 та його національного аналогу ДСТУ ISO 9001:20015 дозволили встановити, що в основу побудови системи управління якістю, відповідної вимогам стандарту, покладений інформаційний обмін. Так, одним з базових принципів управління якістю, представлених у вступі до стандарту, визначено принцип прийняття управлінських рішень на підставі фактичних даних. Це означає, що для ефективного управління якістю керівникові закладу вищої медичної освіти необхідно володіти релевантною за обсягом і змістом інформацією про предмети, об’єкти та процеси, що формують і підтримують дієвість системи. Інший провідний принцип - процесного підходу - згідно зі стандартом, передбачає, зокрема, забезпечення постійного поліпшення якості усіх процесів (діяльності) в системі управління на основі оцінювання даних і інформації про їх перебіг, проміжні й кінцеві результати. Стандарт рекомендує підтримувати в актуальному стані задокументовану інформацію, необхідну для функціонування процесів. В статті детально проведено детальний аналіз структури і змісту міжнародного та національного стандартів ISO 9001:2015 та ДСТУ ISO 9001:2015 потребує розробки інформаційної моделі системи управління якістю для закладів вищої медичної освіти. Висновки. Таким чином, запропонована інформаційна модель системи управління якістю закладу вищої медичної освіти може слугувати орієнтиром для керівників цих закладів у процесі розробки, впровадження, підтримки функціонування і оцінки системи управління якістю з метою постійного поліпшення якості вищої медичної освіти на до-та післядипломному рівні.

GEOGRAPHIC IDENTIFIERS AS A BASIS FOR INTEGRATION OF GEOSPATIAL DATA

The article examines the subject, idea, role and meaning of geographic identifiers to ensure the integration of geospatial data in seamless topographic databases and national spatial data infrastructure in accordance with the national standard DSTU ISO 19112: 2017 (ISO 19112: 2003, IDT) Geographic information. Spatial referencing by geographic identifiers.
 The main direction of development of topographic and geodetic activity in Ukraine is the development of the national spatial data infrastructure based on the principles of geoinformation approach. The national spatial data infrastructure is seen as a system of integration of geospatial data of different origins from different sources, and most importantly from different areas of activity. The system of integration of heterogeneous data acquires special value at connection of a set of basic data with the thematic data which provide an array of attributive information from various kinds of activity. It is through geographic identifiers that geospatial coordinate descriptions of features are linked to an array of attribute data that does not have a direct positioning. Geographic identifiers can be the following: codifier of administrative-territorial units and territories of territorial communities, cadastral number of the land plot, address, geographic name, etc.
 Therefore, the aim of the article is to study the requirements for the use of geographic identifiers for the integration of sets of basic and thematic geospatial data of the national geospatial data infrastructure in accordance with DSTU ISO 19112:2017 (ISO 19112:2003, IDT).

DISTRIBUTION OF TRANSGENIC PLANTS IN UKRAINE – CURRENT STATE

Scientific achievement in molecular biology and genetic engineering have made it possible to create new methods of selection k that are based on genome modification. Todays, more and more genetically modified plants are being intensively tested in the field, but their influence has not yet been fully studied on the environment, biodiversity, human health, and the animal body.
 The article analyzes the results of research on the presence of GM ingredients in plant raw materials, processed products, feed for productive and unproductive animals, etc. for the period 2019-2020. Studies on the presence of GMOs were performed by the method of polymerase chain reaction in real-time (PCR-RT), according to DSTU ISO 21569: 2008 (ISO 21569: 2005, IDT), DSTU ISO 21571: 2008 (ISO 21571: 2005, IDT).
 In 2019, 1134 samples were tested and the most positive were found in rapeseed and soybeans. In the study of rapeseed (31 samples) the number of positive samples was 6.5 %, in them were the target sequences of the terminator NOS (T-NOS) TІ plasmid Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Pat gene. In the study of soybeans (15 samples), the number of positive samples was 6.7 %, in them were the target sequences of the 35S promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) and the terminator NOS (T-NOS) TІ plasmid Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
 In 2020, 1215 samples were tested and was found positive samples in samples of rapeseed, soybeans and feed for productive animals. In the study of rapeseed (27 samples) the number of positive samples was 7.4 %, in them were detected the target sequences of the terminator NOS (T-NOS) TІ plasmid Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and genes Pat and EPSPs. In the study of soybeans (6 samples), the number of positive samples was 16.7 %, in them were the target sequences of the 35S promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) and the terminator NOS (T-NOS) T of the plasmid Agrobacterium. In the study of feed for poultry (6 samples) the number of positive was 16.7 %, in them were the target sequences of the terminator NOS (T-NOS) TІ plasmid Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

ORIENTATION TO ISO 9001: 2015. IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF PREPARATION OF VETMEDICINE ENTERPRISES FOR CERTIFICATION

An important condition for the competitiveness of products for veterinary medicine and animal husbandry is the introduction of enterprises that produce and supply products, quality management systems, in accordance with the requirements of both national and international standards. Without this, it is almost impossible to be a full-fledged "player" in the domestic and international markets for products for veterinary medicine and animal husbandry. Ukraine's membership in the World Trade Organization and active implementation of measures related to membership in the European Union intensify this work. Today there is enough experience gained not only in foreign companies, but also in leading domestic veterinary enterprises, the norm of which is strict compliance with product quality standards, in particular ISO 9001.
 Analysis of veterinary enterprises shows that ensuring quality and competitiveness of products is one of the most difficult problems. at the same time the most important. The available information shows that every year the need to be certified according to the standards governing the requirements of quality management systems and aimed at ensuring the efficient use of available resources, fuller use of staff and their involvement in all processes of production improvement and control. product quality, ensuring effective cooperation with consumers, suppliers and distributors. Certification of compliance with quality standards, among the necessary issues for improving production, allows you to see its weaknesses, which allows management and professionals to implement specific measures to improve the relevant activities. Certified quality management system significantly increases consumer confidence in the company, respectively, distinguishes it from competitors in quality and product range. It is the ISO 9001: 2015 standard and is one of the regulatory documents on the effectiveness of enterprise management and ensuring the effectiveness of its activities. The experience of leading foreign and domestic firms (enterprises) confirms that the certificate of quality management system in accordance with the national standard DSTU ISO 9001:2015, or its international ISO 9001:2015 - is a document that confirms that the quality management system implemented at the enterprise operates successfully. Trachenko L. A. confirms (Trachenko, 2018): “In a market economy, enterprises of any field of activity are under the constant influence of the competitive environment, which requires them to focus more on quality issues. In view of this, the management of many companies is faced with the need to improve quality management as a means of achieving competitiveness, gaining confidence in products and services from consumers. The implementation of quality management systems (QMS), which permeate not only the processes of production, provision of services, but also all areas of activity of enterprises, helps to implement this most effectively”.
 The use of ISO standards increases the efficiency of enterprises in development, production and supply of products, allows you to objectively see and evaluate not only their place in the product market, but also to focus on solving the necessary specific, promising areas of enterprise development.

Relevance of food bacterial zoonoses in the Dnipropetrovsk Region (Ukraine) during 2020

When the world is facing an unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic, the importance of animal disease surveillance has become apparent. A significant proportion of new and existing human diseases are zoonoses. Microbiological researches remain relevant today. They guarantee the quality of food raw materials and products, as well as identify sources of infection. The aim of our work was to study the spread of foodborne bacterial zoonoses in the Dnipropetrovsk region during 2020. The study used the methods provided by DSTU ISO 6887-2:2005, DSTU ISO 4833:2006, DSTU ISO 4832:2015, DSTU EN 12824:2004, DSTU ISO 11290-1:2003, DSTU 7444:2013, DSTU ISO 6888-2:2003, DSTU ISO 7937:2006. As a result of the study of the epidemic situation regarding outbreaks of acute intestinal infectious diseases and food poisoning in 2020 in Ukraine, 52 cases were investigated, including cases in which children have been affected (43.8%). In the etiological structure, the largest share of outbreaks caused by salmonella (34.6%) and outbreaks of viral etiology (25%) was observed. The registration of outbreaks of human salmonellosis in 82% of regions in Ukraine proves that geographical conditionality, climatic conditions, species structure of farm animals and the level of socio-economic status of the population are important factors in the development of the disease. The presence of positive for animal salmonellosis localities also demonstrates the constant spread of this zoonosis in Ukraine, which causes contamination by these bacteria of food products of animal origin and environmental objects. The dominance of the Dnipropetrovsk Region in 2020 in the number of outbreaks of acute intestinal infectious diseases contributed to a detailed investigation of bacteriological studies of raw materials of animal origin and food products, which revealed 2.56% of non-compliant samples, where the highest percentage of violations of safety criteria was poultry products. Thus, high-risk products included semi-finished products and culinary products from meat, in particular poultry; minced meat and mechanically rolled meat, as well as ready-to-eat meat products — sausages, namely poultry, and eggs. Poultry products of seven types (n = 3,226) were analyzed for the presence of sanitary-indicative microflora (coliform bacteria, mesophilic aerobic and facultative-anaerobic microorganisms), opportunistic microflora (coagulase-positive staphylococci, Proteus, sulfite-reducing clostridia), and pathogenic microflora (bacteria of the genera Salmonella, Listeria). The percentage of samples that did not meet the requirements of regulatory documentation by indicators was: mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms up to 10.92%; coliform bacteria — up to 3.90%. Pathogenic contaminants of poultry products of domestic Ukrainian production were: Salmonella Enteritidis (up to 4.20%), Listeria monocytogenes — 12.50%. The paper shows problematic in 2020 nosological forms in the structure of pathogens of food bacterial zoonoses and identifies their potential sources. Microbiological studies have shown that the contaminants of poultry products of domestic Ukrainian production in the Dnipropetrovsk Region were sanitary-indicative (coliform bacteria, mesophilic aerobic and facultative-anaerobic microorganisms), opportunistic pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, sulfite-reducing clostridia), and pathogenic microflora (bacteria of the genera Salmonella, Listeria). The author has monitored the geographical serotypic predisposition of Salmonella, which is due to the prevalence of O-group D in the Dnipropetrovsk Region, and the possibility of their passage through the food chain. It was found that minced meat and meat of mechanical deboning from poultry is one of the factors of transmission of a potentially pathogenic for humans and animals species of Listeria — L. monocytogenes in the region

Фітотоксична оцінка ґрунтів забруднених об’єктами залізничного транспорту

The paper presents results of the study phytotoxicity level of soil that are contaminated due to the operation of the railway. The urgency of the work is determined by the growth of man-made load on the environment by rail. The aim of the presented work was to assess the phytotoxicity of soils near railway tracks using a bioassay for watercress to determine the level of their anthropogenic pollution. The object of the study were soil samples taken in the area adjacent to the tracks on the section of the railway Bakhmach-Hrebinka near the station of the city Pyriatyn. Soil sampling was carried out in accordance with DSTU ISO 10381-1: 2004. Assessment of soil contamination was assessed by bioindication using watercress test. According to the results of the research, it was found that the germination energy, seed germination and growth rates of watercress plants decreased on soil samples taken closer to the railway tracks. Weak levels of contamination were observed on soils selected at a distance of 5 meters from the railway, germination energy and seed germination were - 58 and 77%, respectively, the remaining samples did not show a significant effect on the sowing quality of watercress seeds. It was found that in plants grown on sample 4 (100 meters from the railway tracks) the length of the root system was 46 mm, while in samples 1, 2, 3 the indicator decreased respectively by 50, 32 and 9%, . The aerial part of watercress plants grown on 4 samples was 42 mm, while in samples 1,2,3, the figure decreased respectively by 43, 9 and 2%, . Therefore, it can be argued that the soil samples taken in the area adjacent to the tracks on the railway line Bakhmach-Grebinka, at a distance of 5 meters from the tracks, are low-contaminated, while the rest of the samples according to research are unpolluted and meet sanitary requirements on planning and development of settlements.

Assessment of the reinforcing ability of a composite bandage for modern pipeline repair systems

Abstract. The long-term operation of pipelines, which, in many cases, exceeds their regulatory service life, causes the strain ageing of metal, as well as the appearance of local mechano-corrosive damages. In this regard, the use of composites to reinforce worn pipelines constitutes one of today’s most promising technologies.
 In this study, a comparative analysis was performed between the composite-reinforced steel pipe calculations that were conducted using the finite element method (FEM), and those that were conducted in accordance with the DSTU ISO 24817:2019 standard. The FEM numerical calculations were carried out using the complete factorial experiment design (consisting of three factors at three levels, with twenty-seven calculations in total). Based on the results of these calculations, a regression model was developed to assess the circular deformation of the pipe’s outer surface depending on the thickness of the bandage, the thickness of the pipe, and the internal pressure. The FEM calculations were found to be in close agreement with analytical results.

Problems of the measurement management systems evaluation for business entities on voluntary basis

Questions concerning evaluation and confirmation of measurement capabilities for business entities on a voluntary basis are considered.
 Existing problems in executing this kind of activity by enterprises, which are regulated by the Ministry of Economy of Ukraine (metrological centers) as well as other enterprises and organizations.
 Causes of impossibility to issue certificates on compliance of the measurement management systems with requirements of DSTU ISO 10012 as a result of providing the above-mentioned operations are determined.
 The ways of solving the determined questions for metrological centers are proposed.

Standartization of Forensic Activities and Certification of Expert Laboratories as a Factor for the Development of Forensic Examination

The author has carried out the analysis of the perspectives for certification of domestic forensic laboratories for the compliance with international standards, which would contribute to the creation of an effective legal mechanism for the transition to a new level of development of forensic technologies. The main factors of administrative and legal regulation in the field of standardization have been studied. In accordance with the requirements of DSTU ISO / IEC 17025 the principles of organization and implementation of the quality management system (QMS) into forensic laboratories have been determined.
 It has been established that the execution of the DSTU ISO / IEC 17025 requirements needs significant resources and financial costs from the laboratory. The author has provided clarification to the main stages of preparation for certification, which include measures on developing management documentation (Guidelines, Regulations on forensic laboratory, Accreditation Area), on inventory of existing equipment, metrological support of laboratory activities, preparation and submission of applications to the accreditation agency. It has been noted that certified forensic laboratories should use certified expert methods within their activities that can ensure reliable results during the research. Methodologies should be tested in other reputable organizations or validated directly in the laboratory. Considerable attention has been paid to the quality of standard samples, reagents and materials. The emphasis has been placed on the need to participate in proficiency testing programs based on the results of interlaboratory comparative tests as an effective way to monitor the activities of the forensic laboratory.
 The author has substantiated the conclusion that the standardization processes of forensic activity and certification of forensic laboratories are aimed at increasing the level of metrological work to protect citizens and the national economy of Ukraine from the consequences of unreliable measurement results.

Statistical criteria for limiting the measurement of radionuclide activity by plastic scintillators

The paper is devoted to the estimation of the characteristic limits (statistical criteria) for the detection of small amounts of ionizing radiation by a measuring device under conditions of a natural radioactivity background of the environment: the decision threshold, the detection limit, the minimum detectable activity and the confidence interval. The assessment procedures were carried out in accordance with the national harmonized standard DSTU ISO 11929-3:2009. The threshold for making a decision on the presence of 137Cs and 60Co radionuclides in objects of the external environment and the limit of their detection using a measuring device equipped with plastic scintillators manufactured by the Institute of Scintillation Materials of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine were estimated. The influence of the energy of the detected radiation, the dimensions of the scintillators and the geometry of the irradiation on the estimation of the characteristic limits were investigated. Keywords: scintillator; decision threshold; detection limit; confidence interval; minimum detectable activity.