Drymaria Cordata Research Articles

An Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants used against Jaundice by Tea Tribes of Morigaon District, Assam (India)

The present study was conducted to document the ethnomedicinal plants used against jaundice by the tea tribes of Morigaon district of Assam, India. An ethnomedicinal field study was carried out from June 2016 - July 2017. Information was gathered by using a semi-structured questionnaire about the traditional knowledge of medicinal plants used against jaundice by the tea tribes of Morigaon district of Assam. Documented data was evaluated using the quantitative ethno-botanical indices of fidelity level (FL), Use Value (UV) and Family Use Value (FUV). From the ethno-botanical investigation, a total of 39 species of plants covering 36 genera and 27 families respectively have been enumerated. A total of 53 informants aged from 20-75 years were interviewed to record the ethnomedicinal data. Lamiaceae was the dominant family. Among the plant portions, leaves were most frequently used. Among the 39 medicinal plant species recognized mostly were herbs. The plants species having the highest use value were Drymaria cordata trailed by Xylosma longifolia and Achyranthes aspera, Aegle marmelos, Alstonia scholaris and Justicia gendarussa . The fidelity level was 100% for Achyranthes aspera, Cheilocostus speciosus, Clerodendrum infortunatum, Justicia gendarussa, Lawsonia inermis, Coffea benghalensis and Saccharum officinarum . The tea tribes of Morigaon district still relies on herbal therapies for curing jaundice. Coffea benghalensis has not been previously reported as a remedy of jaundice from Northeast India. Further research is needed to investigate the phytochemistry and pharmacological effectiveness of the plant species that could be the basis for the isolation and development of some novel phyto-therapeutic active compounds in the future.

The Physicochemical analysis and Phytochemical screening of some medicinal plants of Letang Municipality of Morang district, Nepal

Ethnobotany gives the basic idea about the medicinal properties of plants. Identification of active compounds of the medicinal plants and their standardization is essential for the production of new drugs. In the present work, different parts of the five medicinal plants (Curcuma caesia, Costus speciosus, Drymaria cordata, Leea macrophylla, Plumbago zeylanica) were washed, air dried and crushed. Three different extracts of each powdered material were prepared and standard phytochemical analysis procedure was followed for the analysis of physicochemical properties of plants and the identification of active chemical constituents. Among 5 plants, the highest moisture content (14.83%) was found in Plumbago zeylanica, higher total ash (9.22%) and acid insoluble ash (4.43%) were observed in Cucurma caesia. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of 12 varieties of bioactive chemicals in the 5 different plants. The plants of the area have great diversity of phytochemicals of numerous medicinal properties. In conclusions, these five important medicinal plants could be useful for the people of the locality to cure several diseases as well as to generate the source of income.
 BIBECHANA 17 (2020) 67-74

Antidiabetic effect of Drymaria cordata leaf against streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic albino rats.

Drymaria cordata (Caryophyllaceae), commonly known as Abhijalo in Sikkimese-Tibetan, is a creeping herb grown in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is used by ethnic groups of Sikkim, North-East India, for the treatment of various diseases including diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the antidiabetic effect of methanol extract from D. cordata leaf (DCME) in streptozotocin (STZ) and nicotinamide (NA)-induced type 2 diabetes in rats. Diabetic Wistar albino rats were treated with DCME at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg orally for 28 days. Metformin (150 mg/kg b.w.) was used as a reference drug. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) level; serum biochemical parameters; and liver, kidney, and antioxidant parameters were estimated, and pancreatic histopathology was performed after 28 days of treatment. Administration of DCME to STZ-NA-induced diabetic rats at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg orally for 28 days exhibited statistically significant (P < 0.05) and dose-dependent reduction of FBG, glycosylated hemoglobin, serum lipid, and hepatorenal antioxidative parameters in DCME-treated groups when compared to those of diabetic controls. Histopathological studies of pancreas in DCME-treated rats showed improvement in β-cell density compared to diabetic group. The results demonstrate the significant antidiabetic potential of D. cordata leaf in albino rats plausibly by reducing oxidative stress and serum lipids levels, justifying the folkloric use of this plant in the treatment of diabetes.

Diversity of weeds on bamboo seedling’s media in Bali Botanical Garden

In general, weeds are obnoxious plants that live in an unwanted place and have negative impact towards human, other plants and the environment. The research aimed to know the weeds species composition that composed in the growing media of Guadua chacoensis bamboo. The research was conducted in an open space of the Bali Botanical Garden nursery at an altitude of 1200 m a.s.l. The research was conducted for 3 months from July to October 2004. Results showed that as many as 28 species of weeds were found which included in 15 families. Weeds species compositions in each of the type of growing media are significantly different. In the soil media weeds comprises of Amaranthus blitum L. (Amaranthaceae) and Galinsoga parviflora Cav. (Asteraceae), in the humus media the weeds are Cyperus rotundus L. (Cyperaceae) and Gynura aurantiaca (Bl.) DC. (Asteraceae), in the cow’s feces media, the weeds is Amaranthus blitum L. (Amaranthaceae) and laslty in the KOMPENIT fertilizer media the weeds comprises of Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.(Poaceae), Drymaria cordata (L.) Willd. ex R. &amp; S. (Caryophyllaceae ) and Cyperus rotundus L. (Cyperaceae).

Exploration of Understorey Vegetation’s Beauty: Supporting Tourism Potential of Bukit Siguntang, Palembang

Bukit Siguntang Forest, an urban forest on a hill filled by trees that are believed to be a tomb complex of Malay kings. As an ecosystem, Bukit Siguntang Forest also consists of various understorey. Because of the tourist location, the understorey of Bukit Siguntang Forest tends to be easier to encounter cleaning which is considered as weed and disturbs beauty. The study purpose was to explore the aesthetic potential of the understorey vegetation of Bukit Siguntang Forest. The study method used vegetation analysis with the plot measuring 2m x 2m, which was followed by species identification. The results showed that the understorey identified as dominating species with aesthetic potential were Asystasia gangetica , Bidens pilosa , Borreria laevis , Drymaria cordata , and Mimosa pudica . The understorey which is included in herbs and shrubs had beautiful flowers, unique leaf shapes, and attractive colors. These plants provide the beauty of their parts so that they can be applied to form a flower bed, green coverage and refreshing scenery. However, the growth of understorey also needs to be controlled. That is because understorey can grow rapidly, so that will be growing too densely and messy planting mode. Keywords: aesthetic function, Bukit Siguntang, tourism, understorey vegetation.

Redescription of Bryobia pritchardi Rimando, 1962 (Acari: Tetranychidae), with an ontogeny of chaetotaxy

Bryobia pritchardi Rimando 1962, collected from Drymaria cordata in the Hainan province of China, is redescribed with a detailed illustration and description of all life stages. Special attention is given to ontogenetic changes, especially in leg setae, as well as intraspecific variation and asymmetry of these setae.

Survey and Identification of Major Weeds of Seeds Spice in Ethiopia

In Ethiopia coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) and black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) are economically important seeds spices in the family of Apiaceae, Fabaceae and Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), respectively. They are highly suffering due to weed infestation especially competing for water and nutrient. However, before estimating yield losses due to weeds and devising weed control strategies, identification and quantification of weeds are very important. The weed survey was conducted in East showa, Arsi, Bale, North wollo and North Gondar zones during 2016 and 2018 in main cropping seasons to identify most common and prevalent weeds associated with seeds spice (coriander, fenugreek and black cumin). Weed species characteristics, density, frequency, relative density, relative frequency, summed dominant ratio over locations and seasons were calculated. The result shows that a total of 22, 37 and 21 weed species were identified in coriander, fenugreek and black cumin fields, respectively. The most important families according to the number of represented species were Amaranthaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Primulaceae and Fabaceae in coriander, Amaranthaceae, Fabaceae and Polygonaceae in fenugreek and Chlorideae and Scrophulariaceae in black cumin fields. The frequency of individual weed species in coriander, fenugreek and black cumin field ranged from 0.14% up to 1%, 0.13% up to 1% and 0.25% up to 5% while the dominance value ranged from 0.14 up to 49.1%, 0.25 up to 26.5% and 0.25 up to 4.5%, respectively. The most frequent and dominant weed was Chenopodium album in coriander field whereas, the most frequent weed was Chenopodium album and the most dominant weed was Drymaria cordata in fenugreek field. In black cumin field Cynadon dactylon and Solanum nigrum are most dominat and the most frequent weeds respectively. This survey has ranked the most abundant and troublesome weed species in coriander, fenugreek and black cumin growing areas of Ethiopia. Therefore this information is vital for setting research and developmental work priorities concerning coriander, fenugreek and black cumin weeds of the study area

Ethnobotanical study of plants used by Thami community in Ilam District, eastern Nepal

An ethnobotanical survey was carried out on the utilization of plants by Thami communities in Gorkhe, Jogmai and Nayabazar areas of Ilam by interviewing traditional herbalists and different age groups of men and women in June 2016. A total of 30 plants belonging to 24 families and 29 genera have been documented. These plants were used for food, fodder, firewood, medicine and in rituals. The documented medicinal plants were used to treat various human ailments of 12 categories; with the highest number of species being used for gastro-intestinal disorders (15 spp.) followed by ENT problems (14 spp.). Most of the medicines were prepared from underground parts in the form of paste and used orally. Informant Consensus Factor (Fic) ranges from 0.6 to 0.9 with an average of 0.82. Dermatological disorders have the highest Fic (0.90) and other categories have the lowest (0.6). Aconitum palmatum, Begonia picta, Bergenia ciliata, Astilbe rivularis, Swertia chirayita, Drymaria cordata and Remusatia pumila have the highest fidelity level (100% each) and Galium asperifolium has the lowest FL (16%). According to the use value, Swertia chirayita (UV=2.83) was the most important with uses against 6 ailments and Hypericum cordifolium has the least (UV=0.08), used in only one ailment. A variation in ethnobotanical knowledge was found according to age, gender and occupation in this community.

Partial purification and characterisation of cytosolic Fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase from Drymaria cordata

Drymaria cordata is an important ethnomedicinal plant from which many important secondary metabolites have been reported. Partial purification of the enzyme, fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase was carried out following the methods of homogenization, streptomycin sulphate precipitation, ammonium sulphate cut and molecular sieve chromatography through Bio-Gel A-0.5m column. Biochemical characterization experiments were performed by standard methods with the enzyme preparation as purified from the column. Cytosolic fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase from the leaves of Drymaria cordata was purified to about 27-fold with 77% of recovery over homogenate fraction. The enzyme was highly specific to D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. With increase of protein concentration upto 300µg and incubation time upto120 minutes, the enzyme activity increased linearly. The metal ions Mg2+ or Mn2+ strongly stimulated the enzyme activity on the other hand Li+, Hg2+ and Zn2+ were potent inhibitors. The D. cordata enzyme showed temperature maxima at 40˚C while the optimum pH was at 8.0. The Km value of the enzyme for its substrate, Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate was 1.11µM proving its strong affinity.

Gulma Utama Pada Tanaman Terung Di Desa Wanakarta Kecamatan Waeapo Kabupaten Buru

Eggplant (Salonum melongena L) is a native plant of the tropics, this plant originated from South East Asia, including Indonesia. Eggplant plants including one family with pepper, tomatoes, and potatoes. These plants belong to one group of seed plants that produce seeds and crops a year are shaped shrubs. purpose of this study is menginvertarisasi the types of weeds present in the planting eggplant in Wanakarta Village District of Waeapo. The results showed that weed found in eggplant planting area in the Wanakarta Village of Waeapo District no types namely Cyperus rotundus (L), Cyperus kyllingia, Eulisina indica (L), Drymaria cordata (L), Mimosa pudica (L) and Amaranthus spinosus. Density and dry weight Nisbih types nisbih highest species is Cyperus rotundus L is equal to 30.27% and 58.79%, while the frequency nisbih weed species is the same for all types ie 16.67%

Stopover on Galapagos During Autumn Migration of Bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorus)

ABSTRACT The Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) is the only landbird species that is known to stop every year in Galapagos while migrating; however, its stopover ecology while on the islands is unknown. In October 2015, we searched for and captured Bobolinks in the highlands of San Cristobal. We found Bobolinks in two fields, separated by 9.15 km, at ∼425 m elevation. Average daily counts of Bobolinks on these two fields were 3.2 ± 1.8 and 4.8 ± 2.3 individuals. We caught nine individuals; body mass and fat reserves varied from 22.5–40.0 g and no fat reserves to 50–100% reserves, respectively. Both fields were dominated by grasses ranging in height from 30 cm to >100 cm, and included purple cuphea (Cuphea sp.). Other habitats we surveyed, where we did not observe Bobolinks, included closely cropped grass (5–10 cm), taller grasses with seed and with scattered to dense guava trees (Psidium guajava), and small (0.1–0.3 ha) corn plantations with seed. Six of the birds we caught had seeds of Drymaria cordata ent...

Drymaria villosa (Caryophyllaceae) new record for the flora of the Western Himalaya

The herb Drymaria villosa is reported first time from the Western Himalaya. This species is morphologically similar to Drymaria cordata ssp. diandra but can be distinguished by its delicate individuals, villous vestiture, orbicular to reniform leaves, auriculate oblong bifid petals, and numerous reniform seeds. The present collection of the species represents westernmost distributional limit in the Asian continent. Morphological characteristics of the species were examined, which are illustrated here. Key to differentiate it from closely allied species is also provided.

Modelling seed retention curves for eight weed species on clothing

AbstractHumans can unintentionally disperse plant propagules (herein referred to as seeds) including weed seeds from clothing when hiking. There is limited experimental or observational information, however, about unintended human‐mediated seed dispersal, particularly from different types of clothing. We experimentally assessed the probability of seed detaching from socks and trousers along a 5 km standardized route for eight common environmental weeds: Bidens pilosa L., Chloris gayana Kunth., Conyza canadensis L., Cynodon dactylon L., Drymaria cordata (L.) Willd. ex Schult., Poa annua L., Paspalum urvillei Steud. and Sporobolus elongatus R.Br. Seed detachment varied among species on both types of clothing, but seeds more easily detached from trousers than socks. When different models were fitted to the data, a three‐parameter generalized exponential model with curves provided the best fit. The curves were leptokurtic, with peak close to the seed source and a long flat tail, which indicates that most seeds dispersed from clothing fall close (within 5 m) to the point of attachment with only a small proportion of seeds dispersed over long distances. Combining attachment and detachment data for the same species, we estimated the actual numbers of seeds potentially dispersed over a hike of 5 km. The study indicates that most seeds are likely to be dispersed at the start of walks, although the actual number of seeds will vary depending on several factors such as the behaviour of the hiker and the amount of weed seeds present at the start of the walk. Those few seeds dispersed much further may, however, be more important in terms of plant invasions. Covering socks with gaiters and avoiding walking through weedy areas such as road edges and car parks before starting walks could minimize the risk of seeds attaching to clothing and hence being dispersed.

Proximate and vitamin C analysis of wild edible plants consumed by Bodos of Assam, India

Aim: The State of Assam is gifted with diverse flora including thousands of wild edible plants. The consumption of a large variety of wild plants by Bodos, an ethnic group and dominant inhabitant of Bodoland Territorial Area Districts of Assam of North-East India, is a common practice since time immemorial. The objective of this study was to investigate the nutritional values of wild edible plants consumed by the Bodos of this region. Materials and Methods: In this study, twelve wild edible plants viz. Blumea lanceolaria (Roxb.) Druce, Stellaria media (L.), Glinus oppositifolius (L.) Aug. DC., Cryptolepis sinensis (Lour) Merr., Polygonum perfoliatum L., Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC., Tetrastigma angustifolium (Roxb.), Antidesma acidum Retz., Drymaria cordata (L.) Willd.ex Schult., Eryngium foetidum L., Lippia javanica (Burm.f.) Spreng. and Enhydra fluctuans Lour. consumed by the Bodos were selected, scientifically identified and their proximate and vitamin C contents were determined using standard food analysis methods. Results: Proximate compositions were presented and the vitamin C content was found highest in T. angustifolium (79.06 ± 0.02 mg) and lowest in A. acidum (11.39 ± 0.0002 mg). All the results were based on 100 g fresh weight of the sample. Conclusion: In the present study, all the twelve plants have shown variable values of proximate composition and vitamin C contents. These plants could be a promising alternate food sources which are easily available, affordable and could provide several health benefits on consumption.

Assessment of in vitro pharmacological effect of Neotropical Piperaceae in GABAergic bioassays in relation to plants traditionally used for folk illness by the Yanesha (Peru)

Ethnopharmacological relevanceA previous pilot ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological study with the Q‘echi׳ Maya identified the family Piperaceae, as an important taxonomic group traditionally used for the treatment of epileptic and culture-bound anxiety disorders and possessing activity in the GABA system. Following that lead, a botanical survey was conducted in Peru, where 47 species of Piperaceae were collected including 21 plants traditionally used for folk illnesses by the Yanesha of Peru, an indigenous Amazonian group. Materials and methodsTwo high throughput bioassays were used to quantify the in vitro activity of botanical extracts on the GABA system. ResultsPlant extracts demonstrated moderate to high affinity to the γ-aminobutyric acid benzodiazepine (GABA-BZD) receptor. In addition, extracts demonstrated low to moderate activity in the inhibition of the GABA-transaminase, with select plants exhibiting significant activity. Plants indicated by the Yanesha showed comparable activity to the other Piperaceae plants collected. Piper cremii was the most active plant in the GABA-BZD receptor assay, and Drymaria cordata (Caryophyllaceae) in the GABA-T assay. ConclusionThe study provides evidence that there is a pharmacological basis behind the use of plants in the treatment of susto and mal aire in both Central and South America, and we propose that the possible mechanism of action includes an interaction with the GABA-T enzyme and/or the GABAA-BZD receptor.

&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Drymaria cordata&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; (Linn.) Willd (Caryophyllaceae): Ethnobotany, Pharmacology and Phytochemistry

In the present paper the isolation and characterization of seven major glycolipid classes (stigmasterol, acylated stigmasteryl glucoside, stigmasteryl glucoside, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, digalactosyldiacylglycerol, cerebroside and glucocerebroside) from Drymaria cordata (Linn.) Willd (Caryophyllaceae Family) are reported after an attempt has been made to congregate the traditional and pharmacological studies done on this important medicinal plant. Drymaria cordata is a weak spreading herb found widely dispersed in damp places all over the tropics of Africa, Asia and the Americas. There are many reports on its folk and traditional uses that include snake bite, skin diseases, peptic ulcer, headaches or nephritis, female infertility, sleeping disorders, convulsions, and febrile conditions in children. The plant has been examined on the basis of scientific in vitro and in vivo evaluations possessing the major pharmacological activities that include analgesic activity, antitussive activity, anxiolytic activity, antipyretic activity, antinociceptive activity, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. The information summarized here is intended to serve as a reference tool for practitioners in the fields of ethnopharmacology, natural product chemistry and drug discovery related research.

HERBAL DRUGS IN MIRROR OF ANXIETY DISORDER -A REVIEW

Traditional Medicines derived from medicinal plants are used by about 60% of the world population. This review focuses on Herbal drugs used in the treatment of Anxiety disorder. Anxiety disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), are the most prevalent behavioral disorders in the United States, affecting 17.2% of the population. The use of herbal supplements to treat anxiety has been increasing and the mechanisms of action of several are being elucidated. A list of medicinal plants with proven antianxiety effects used in treatment of Anxiety is compiled. These include, Citrus paradise, Cirsium rivulare , Drymaria cordata, Colocasia esculenta, Souroubea sympetala, Rollinia mucosa, Aethusa cynapium, Uncaria rhynchophylla, Cinnamomum cassia, Gastrodia elata, Apocynum venetum, Turnera aphrodisiaca, Scutellaria lateriflora, Valeriana officinalis , Galphimia glauca etc.

Analgesic and Antipyretic Activities of &lt;i&gt;Drymaria cordata&lt;/i&gt; (Linn.) Willd (Caryophyllaceae) Extract

Drymaria cordata (Linn.) Willd (Caryophyllaceae) is an herbaceous plant widely used in traditional African medicine (TAM) for the treatment of diverse ailments including painful and febrile conditions. This study was conducted to investigate the analgesic and antipyretic properties of the whole plant extract of D. cordata. The acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin, and tail clip tests were used to evaluate analgesic activity while the 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP)-, d-amphetamine-, and yeast-induced hyperthermia tests were used to investigate antipyretic activity in rodents. D. cordata (100, 200, and 400 mg kg(-1), p.o) produced significant (p<0.05) analgesic activity in the mouse writhing, formalin (second phase), and tail clip tests. The effects of D. cordata were generally comparable to those of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, 100 mg kg(-1), p.o) and morphine (2 mg kg(-1), s.c). Also, D. cordata produced significant (p<0.05) dose-dependent inhibition of temperature elevation in the 2,4-DNP and yeast-induced hyperthermia models with peak effects produced at the dose of 400 mg kg(-1). The effect at this dose was comparable to that of ASA in the two models. In the d-amphetamine method, D. cordata produced significant (p<0.05) dose- and time-dependent reduction of temperature elevation with peak effect produced at the dose of 200 mg kg(-1). The effect of the extract at this dose was greater than that of ASA. The results obtained in this study demonstrate that the aqueous whole plant extract of Drymaria cordata possesses analgesic and antipyretic properties mediated through peripheral and central mechanisms.

Cytotoxic activity of selected Nigerian plants

Cancer is one of the most prominent human diseases which has stimulated scientific and commercial interest in the discovery of new anticancer agents from natural sources. The current study investigates the cytotoxic activity of ethanolic extracts of sixteen Nigerian plants used locally for the treatment of cancer using the MTT assay on the HeLa cell line. Sapium ellipticum leaves showed activity comparable to the reference compound Cisplatin and greater cytotoxic activity than Combretum paniculatum, Celosia trigyna, Drymaria cordata, Cyathula achyranthoides and Cyathula prostata. Justica extensa, Pupalia lappacea, Hedranthera barteri leaves, Alternanthera sessilis, Ethulia conyzoides leaves, Combretum zenkeri root, Sapium ellipticum stembark and Lannea nigritana stembark showed very low activity while Combretum molle, Adenanthera parvoniana and Lannea acida showed no activity. The results justify the use of Sapium, Combretum, Celosia, Drymaria and Cyathula in traditional treatment of cancer.

High-frequency direct shoot regeneration from Drymaria cordata Willd. leaves

An efficient and reproducible procedure is described for direct shoot regeneration in Drymaria cordata Willd. using leaf explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzyladenine. The regeneration frequency varied with the plant growth regulator concentrations, orientation of the explants, and the carbon source and basal salts present in the regeneration medium. The highest mean number of shoots per explant (10.65 ± 1.03) was recorded on MS plates containing 3% sucrose and 0.8% agar supplemented with 0.1 mg/l NAA and 1.0 mg/l BAP. Shoot buds were induced in the basal parts of the leaf explants. Concentrations of NAA exceeding 1 mg/l suppressed shoot regeneration. Explants bearing the entire lamina and petiole were much more responsive than those having only the lamina. The plantlets that regenerated from the leaf explants were rooted successively on MS medium alone or in combination with indole butyric acid (IBA). The highest mean number of root organogenesis, with 25.67 ± 3.68 roots per leaf segment, was obtained in the presence of 1 mg/l IBA. Histological investigations of the regenerating shoots showed that the shoot buds had emerged from epidermal cells without callus formation. More than 90% of the in vitro-propagated plants survived when transferred to a greenhouse for acclimatization. Thus, this optimized regeneration system may be used for rapid shoot proliferation and genetic transformation.