Tuber Dry Weight Research Articles

Identifikasi Perubahan Fenotip pada Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Bawang Putih Lokal Eban (Allium sativum L.) yang diberi Perlakuan Kolkisin

Cholchisine is achemical mutagen that has been used to enhanced the quality of local garlic eban plant (Allium sativum L.). The method used in this research is an experimental method, namely colchicine treatment of garlic cloves. The colchicine treatments were used 5%, 10%, and 20%. The phenotypic characters observed were the percentage of shoot, shoot height, root length, number of growing cloves, plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, tuber wet weight, tuber dry weight tuber diameter and number of cloves. The results showed that there were phenotypic changes in the parameters (control, cholchisine 5 %,cholchisine 10 %, cholchisine 20 % respectively) namely plant height39.92 cm, 46.76 cm, 43.81 cm, 36.02 cm, number of leafs 6.8 leafs, 7.16 leafs,6.16 leafs, 6.4leafs, stem diameter 0.1 cm, 0.13 cm,0.1 cm, 0.1 cm, tuber wet weight1.97g,3.22 g, 2.19 g, 1.32 g, tuber dry weight1.74 g,2.63 g, 2.03 g, 1.09 g, tuber diameter1cm,1.4 cm, 1.2 cm, 0.94 cm, number of cloves2.4 cloves, 5.16 cloves, 3 cloves, 1 cloves/single, and root length at harvest4.04 cm,7.65 cm, 5.16 cm, 5.1 cm. The appropriate concentration of colchicine for phenotypic changes and increased yield of garlic was 5%. The conclusion of this study is the growth and yield of local Eban garlic showed good phenotype and yield at low concentrations of colchicine.

Evaluation of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum and compost application on the growth and yield of cassava (Manihot esculenta) under organic cultivation

Efficacy of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculum and compost application on cultivation of cassava variety Hanatee (a sweet type) under organic farming are required to investigate for management in order to obtain high yield and quality of the cassava product. Therefore, an experiment was conducted during 2018 to 2020 at organic farm in Chiang Mai province, northern Thailand to examine the efficacy of inoculum product of AM fungi and leafcompost application on the growth, tuber yield and nutrient uptake of the cassava variety. Dominant species of AM fungi isolated from inoculum product (Aaulospora scrobiculataand A. tuberculata) were used for the study and sunn hemp acted as host plant for inoculum production. Four experimental treatments viz., control (without application of boththe AM fungal inoculum and compost), application of AM fungal inoculum without compost, application of compost without AM fungal inoculum, and applications of both AM fungal inoculum and compost were laid out in randomized block design with four replications. Nine months of cassava cultivation, the results showed that application of AM fungal inoculum increased growth, tuber yield and nutrient uptake of cassava variety Hanatee, especially the higher shoot dry weight (153.4 g/plant), tuber dry weight (229.3 g/plant), N andP contents in tuber (321.0 and 255.3 mg/plant, respectively) were recorded when inoculum of AM fungiwas used in combination with the compost application. Tuber dry weights of cassava in thetreatments applied only AM fungal inoculum, applied only compost, and applied both AM fungal inoculum in combination with compost were about 1.7, 5.1 and 11.4 times higher than the control treatment, respectively. Furthermore, compost application had positive impact on root colonization and spore densities of AM fungi in the cassava field. Therefore, this study highlights the use of AM fungi inoculum together with compost application for a move towards sustainable organic farming.

Efektivitas Konsentrasi dan Frekuensi Pemberian Urin Sapi Segar Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.)

This study aims to find out the effectiveness of the concentration and frequency of fresh cow urine application both singly and in interactions on the growth and production of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L), conducted from November 2020 to January 2021 in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Pattimura University, Ambon. This study used a factorial completely randomized block design with 2 treatment factors. The first factor was the concentration of fresh cow urine with four levels: KO (Control), K1 (10% urine concentration), K2 (20% urine concentration), and K3 (30% urine concentration), while the second factor was the frequency of application with three levels, namely: F1 (2 MST), F2 (4 MST), F3 (6 MST). Parameters observed were number of leaves, leaf area, plant length, number of tubers, fresh weight of tubers, fresh weight of leaves, dry weight of tubers, total plant dry weight, net assimilation rate, plant growth rate and harvest index. The results of the study showed that the concentration and frequency of its application and their interactions were not effective on all variables of growth and production of shallot plants but had a good tendency on several variables including the number of leaves (4 MST and 6 MST), plant length (2 MST and 6 MST) and total dry weight of plants after treatment of 20% cow urine concentration given 3 times, at 2 MST and 6 MST.

Pelleting with superabsorbent, chitosan, and phosphorus fertilizer as a new method to improve growth, yield, and physiological attributes of potato mini-tuber

Seed pelleting is a technique of covering seeds with adhesive agents to improve seed performance and plant establishment while reducing production costs. To evaluate the responses of potato superelite minitubers to different pelleting treatments both qualitatively and quantitatively, a 2-year experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran during 2018 and 2019. Experimental treatments included 17 different combinations of zeolite (ZE) or cocopeat (CO) fillers, coating (SC) or soil application (SS) of triple superphosphate, superabsorbent polymer (SP), and chitosan (CH). The results showed a significant effect of pelleting on yield, physiological, and qualitative traits. The highest fresh and dry tuber weight belonged to SS + ZE treatment, which showed 50.6 and 49.0% increase compared to the control treatment (without pelleting), respectively. Pelleting minitubers by ZE + SS had the highest fresh tuber and biological yield (23.6 and 28.0 ton.ha-1, respectively), which showed an increase of 61.0 and 59.2%, compared to the no pelleting treatment. Most pelleting treatments increased the leaf proline content and activity of the antioxidant enzymes. The highest peroxidase activity and lowest catalase activity (16.1 and 29.6 U.mg protein-1.min, respectively) were observed in the CO+SC+CH treatment. Co-application of ZE, SC, and SP resulted in the highest protein, nitrate, and starch content. In addition, minituber pelleting with ZE+SS+SP increased methionine content significantly by 31.51% compared to the control. In general, the co-application of triple superphosphate, SP, and ZE increased the tuber yield and quality traits. Finally, the use of CH with these compounds resulted in improving physiological characteristics.

Pengaruh Pemberian Dosis Pupuk NPK dan Jenis Pupuk Hayati terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.)

Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) is one of the leading vegetable commodities used as food seasoning and traditional medicine. This study aims to see the effect of providing various doses of NPK fertilizer and types of biological fertilizers on the growth and production of shallot plants. This study used a randomized block design (RAK) arranged in a factorial (4 x 2). The first factor is the NPK fertilizer dosage which consists of four levels, namely: N0= 0% (without NPK fertilizer), N1= 50% (25 g/m2), N2= 100% (50 g/m2), and N3= 150% (75 g/m2). The second factor is the type of biological fertilizer which consists of two levels, namely: H1= Grikulan plus fertilizer and H2= EM4. The results showed that the NPK fertilizer dosage treatment up to a dose of 75g/m2 gave the best results on plant growth and development, including the number of leaves, plant height, fresh tuber weight per plant, wind dry tuber weight per plant, and wind dry tuber weight per m2. The growth and development of shallot plants with the application of Grikulan biological fertilizers were better than those of EM4 biological fertilizers. Treatment of NPK fertilizer dosage of 150% or equivalent to 75 g / m2 supplemented with the application of Grikulan plus fertilizer results in higher production, namely the weight of dry tubers per m2 reaching 1674.33 g or equivalent to 11.72 tonnes/ha. Keywords : EM4, Grikulan plus, shallots,NPK, yield

PERTUMBUHAN DAN DAYA HASIL BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascolanicum L.) DENGAN PEMBERIAN PUPUK KALIUM DAN PUPUK KANDANG AYAM PADA UKURAN BIBIT YANG BERBEDA

Shallot productivity can be increased by taking into account the right fertilizer factor and the potential of the seeds used. The study of potassium and manure dosages and seed size were carried out to get the best treatment in increasing growth and yield. The study was conducted in the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Riau, from February to April 2019, using a divided plot design. The main plot is the difference in seed size (> 5.0 - 7.5 and 2.5 - 5.0) g, subplots of doses of manure (0, 15, 30) ton.ha-1 and children of subplots (0 , 200, 400) kg.ha-1. The parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, age of harvest, number of tubers per clump, diameter of tuber, tuber fresh weight and tuber dry weight, further tests used BNJ level of 5%. The results showed that the highest dry weight of tubers was obtained in the treatment of large seedlings (> 5.0 - 7.5 g) which were given 30 tons. ha-1 of manure and 400 kg.ha-1 of KCl, with an achievement of 4.1 tons.ha-1.

Yield Determinants of Some Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L) Clones Using Principal Component Analysis

This study aims to determine the factors influencing the yield of sweet potatoes using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Meanwhile, this tool was used to form new set of smaller and mutually independent variables (no longer correlated) based on the research variables which includes Plant Length (PL), Number of Leaves (NL), Number of Shoots (NS), Leaf area (LA), Total Fresh Weight (TFW), Number of Tubers (NT), Fresh Weight of Tuber (FWT), Dry Weight of Tuber (DWT), and Harvest Index (HI). The results showed that the combined effect of TFW, NT, FWT, and DWT, as the main determinants of sweet potatoes yield was 71.048% as indicated by the total variance (cumulative percent of variance). Therefore, treatments in line with these values are important for improved crop yield.

The effect of tillage depth and micro-fertilizer addition on the growth and production of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) planted in early dry season

The climate change from the dry season to the rainy season, causes cassava to rot a lot when harvested, this research was conducted in the early dry season by practicing two tillage depths to handle the excessive water around the rooting area, and by addition of micro-fertilizer. This study aimed to determine the cassava growth and yield when planted at the early dry season, combined with tillage depth and micro-fertilizer addition. This research was conducted in South Lampung Regency, Lampung Province, Indonesia. The cutting stems of cassava were planted in the early dry season (May) and harvested in April 2020. The tillage depth consisted of two depths: shallow tillage, above hardpan layer (30 cm), and deep tillage, including hardpan layer (60 cm). Micro-fertilizers were applied with two dosages: without fertilizer (0 kg ha−1) and with fertilizer (40 kg ha−1). Those treatments were arranged factorially (2x2) in Strip Plot Design with three replications. The result showed that deep tillage caused the rotten tubers only 15 tubers compared with the shallow tillage which was 39 tubers. The treatment of micro-fertilizer (40 kg ha−1) on the contrary increased the rotten tubers up to 35 tubers. In general, deep tillage could increase the dry weight of tubers, and micro-fertilizers could increase the fresh weight of tubers.

The effect of biocompost Trichoderma spp. tablet in stimulating shallot growth and yield for climate change adaptation

The use of fertilizers that are appropriate and right on target is necessary to assist plants in dealing with conditions of climate change to extreme climates that cause the soil to become dry and less fertile. To deal with climate change adaptation and increase the productivity of shallots, a study aimed to determine the effect of biocompost dosage Trichoderma spp. tablet in spurring growth and yield of several shallot varieties. The research used an experimental method which was conducted in Sembalun Bumbung Village, East Lombok Regency. This study used a Randomized Block Design with a factorial experiment. The main factor is the dosage of biocompost tablets, namely: 0 g/plant, 2.5 g/plant, 5 g/plant, 7.5 g/plant, and 10 g/plant. The simple factor is that the shallot varieties, namely: Bali Karet, Ampenan, Keta Monca, Super Philip and Super Cros. The results showed that the dosage of biocompost tablets starting at 5 g/plant can stimulate growth and can increase the weight of harvested dry tubers. Bali Karet varieties are very adaptive so that the growth and yield of dry tuber weight are the highest, Ampenan and Keta Monca are adaptive in the highlands, while Super Philip and Super Cross are less adaptive.

COGONGRASS ROOT EXTRACT FROM FIVE DIFFERENT SOILS TYPES FOR SUPPRESSING PURPLE BLOTCH AND INCREASING GROWTH AND YIELD OF SHALLOTS

Cogongrass root extract from five different soils types for suppressing purple blotch and increasing growth and yield of shallots. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv.) root extracts from five different soil types (Typic Udipsamments, Aeric Endoaqualfs (=Gleisal Eutrik), Typic Quartzipsamments (=Regosol Eutrik), Aquertic Chromic Hapludalfs, and Pachic Hapludolls) in suppressing purple blotch and increasing growth and yield of shallots. Split plot design was used with 13 treatments repeated three times, and 18 plants plot-1. The treatments consisted of control, fungicide propineb applied before and after inoculation, and five types of cogongrass root extract 50, 60, and 70% concentration applied before and after inoculation. Results showed that cogongrass root extract collected from Pachic Hapludolls which was applied before inoculation had significant effect on the highest pathosystem component indicated by delaying the incubation period, suppressing the intensity of the disease, slowing down the infection rate, and decreasing values of AUDPC as 41.85, 69.87, 75.13, and 67.63%, respectively, compared to control. The cogongrass root extract from Pachic Hapludolls applied before inoculation could increase plant fresh and dry weight plant-1, tuber weight plant-1, plant fresh and dry weight plot-1, and tuber dry weight plot-1 as 42.7, 49.6, 51.92, 66.75, 72.29, and 73.53%, respectively, compared to control.

Effect of Planting Media and Varieties on Growth and Yield Production of Shallots (Allium cepa L.)

This study aims to determine the effect of planting media and varieties on the growth and yield of shallot (Allium cepa L.) It was conducted from January to March 2020. The study used a randomized block design with 2 factors. Factor 1 is the type of planting media, namely without manure, chicken manure 10 tons/ha, goat manure 10 tons/ha, cow manure 10 tons/ha. Factor 2 is the shallot varieties Keta Monca and the Philippines. The results showed that there was an interaction between planting media and onion varieties on plant length variables in the combination of goat manure media with Filipino varieties at the age of 21 days with the highest yield (23,700 cm), while at 28 days it occurred in the combination of chicken manure media with keta varieties. monca with the highest yield (29,889 cm). In the variable number of leaves there was an interaction between chicken manure media and keta monca varieties at the age of 21 days (23.778 strands) and at the age of 28 days (28,000 pieces). plant, tuber wet weight per plant, tuber wet weight per plot, tuber dry weight per plant and tuber dry weight per plot. The best results occurred in the treatment of chicken manure growing media, while the lowest results occurred in the treatment without manure

Yield And Quality Of Potato As Affected By Foliar Spraying Of Boron And Cytokinin

Two field experiments were carried out during the summer seasons of 2018 and 2019, at the Experimental Farm of Faculty of Agriculture (Saba- Basha) at Abees area, Alexandria University, Egypt, to study the effect of foliar application of the various levels of both BA as cytokinin and Boron on vegetative growth, yield, and quality of ' Hermes' potato cultivar. Cut seedy explants were, approximately, 40 g in weight and each seedy explant contained 2 eyes planted on the 20th February du ring both seasons. Cutting seeds were planted under a drip irrigation system at 30 cm apart in the row and 0.8 m width in dry soil then irrigated. The experimental plot consisted of two rows with 10.00 m long and 0.80 m width; making an area of 16.00 m2. The experimental design was a split-plot- design in a randomized complete block. The main plots allocated for boron levels (0, 10, 20, and 30 mg l-1). Whereas, the sub-plots were occupied by 6-benzyl adenine levels (0, 10, 20, and 30 mg l-1). The results indicated that foliar application of boron at 30 mg l-1 gave the highest average values of No. of tubers per plant, tuber fresh weight (g plant-1), No. of tubers per 10 kg, total yield per plant (g) as well as total yield; (ton fed-1) compared to control plants during both seasons of the study. On the other side, foliar application of cytokinin at 30 mg l-1 recorded the highest of No. of tubers per plant, tuber fresh weight (g plant-1), No. of tubers per 10 kg, total yield per plant (g) as well as total yield; (ton fed-1 as compared with control treatment and the other treatments, during both seasons. Results of this characteristic revealed that applying boron at 30 mg l-1 increased significantly the potato chips defect (%), tuber firmness, tuber dry weight (%), and specific gravity compared to the control treatment during both seasons. Besides, applying cytokinin at 30 mg l-1, produced higher potato chips defect (%), tuber firmness, tuber dry weight (%), and specific gravity as compared with untreated plants (control), during both seasons. Foliar application of boron at 30 mg l-1 recorded the best results of tubers quality content i.e., average values of starch, tuber sugars, TSS, and ascorbic acid of potato tuber as compared with control treatments, during both seasons, also, potato plants treated with 30 mg l-1 of cytokinin gave the highest mean values of the average values of starch, tuber sugars, TSS and ascorbic acid of potato tuber as compared with control treatments, during both seasons

Effect of Soilless Systems on Nutrients and Water Apply Rate of Potato Plants

The main aim of this research is to study the effect of different soilless systems (aeroponic and substrate) on nutrients and water apply rate of potato plant to achieve that study, the effect of different soilless systems (aeroponic and substrate) on nutrients and water apply rate during experimental period. Also fresh and dry weight of shoot, roots and tubers were studied at the end of experimental period. The obtained results indicate that the total nitrogen, phosphorus , potassium, calcium, magnesium apply rates were 42.24, 43.53 and 39.24, 18.34, 19.88 and 10.18, 31.69, 32.99 and 33.98, 27.63, 29.35 and 29.35, 24.1, 25.53 and 7.35 mg plant-1 for T1,T2 and T3 ,respectively. The water apply were 74.49, 79.48 and 61.90 L plant-1 for T1, T2 and T3, respectively. The fresh and dry weight of shoot and roots were increased in aeroponic system better than those of substrate system. The fresh and dry weights of tubers were 294.46, 44.56, 255.15, 42.15 and 227.3, 40.3 g plant-1 for T1, T2 and T3 respectively. The average water use efficiency were 22.95, 25.65 and 10.63 Kg m-3 for T1, T2and T3, respectively.

EFFECTS OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER TYPES AND DOSAGE ON BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL, GROWTH AND PRODUCTS OF ONION (Allium ascalonicum L.) OUTSIDE THE PLANTING SEASON IN BUAHAN VILLAGE, BALI, INDONESIA

Planting shallots in Buahan Village is only carried out once a year, namely in July. The continuous use of synthetic fertilizers at high doses without being balanced with natural fertilizers has degraded the land so that soil fertility has decreased. The negative impact caused is a decrease in the yield of shallots. Quality organic fertilizers can overcome this problem. Organic vermicompost and biosllury fertilizers are quality organic fertilizers that can replace synthetic fertilizers to increase the growth and yield of shallots. The research objective was to determine the growth and yield of shallots by giving the type and dose of organic fertilizers outside the growing season. The research was conducted from March to July 2019 in Buahan Village, Kintamani District, Bangli Regency. The study used a simple randomized block design with one factor with 6 treatments, namely B0 (Without Organic Fertilizer), B1 (2000 kg / ha vermicompost); B2 (1000 L / ha biosllury) B3 (1000kg / ha vermicompost + 500 L / ha biosllury); B4 (4000 kg / ha vermicompost); B5 (2000 L / ha biosllry); B6 (2000kg / ha vermicompost + 1000 L / ha biosllury); B7 (4000 kg / ha vermicompost + 2000L biosllry) and B8 (5000 kg / ha vermicompost + 3000L / ha biosllury). The parameters observed were plant height, number of tillers, tuber wet weight per clump, harvest dry weight of tubers per clump and number of cloves per clump, soil pH, N-total (%), C-organic and total population of soil microorganisms. The results showed that the type and dose of organic fertilizer had a significant effect on all the meters observed. Treatment of 5000 kg / ha vermicompost + 3000L / ha biosllury gave the highest yield, namely 56.8 g per clump, 60% higher than the control 35.5 g per clump.

The Effect of Spacing and Weeding Time on growth and production of Bawang Sabrang (Eleutherine Americana Merr.)

The potential of sabrang onions as a medicinal plant for industrial scale is very large because these plants can grow and adapt in all climates and types of soil with a relatively short harvest time (3-4 months). This research aim was to determine the effect of spacing treatment and weeding time as well as their interaction with the growth and production of sabrang onions (Eleutherine americana Merr.). Penelitian ini dilakukan di Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan dengan ketinggian + 32 meter di atas permukaan laut, yang dimulai pada bulan September hingga Desember 2017. The research design used was Factorial Randomized Group Design with two factors. The first factor is the spacing with 3 types, namely: 10 cm x 20 cm; 15 cm x 20 cm; 20 cm x 20 cm and the second factor is the time of weeding with 4 types, namely: Weeds are weeded up to 28 days after planting, then weeds are left to harvest; Weeds are weeded up to 56 days after planting, then weeds are left to harvest; Weeds are weeded up to 84 days after planting, then weeds are left to harvest; Weeds are weeded up to 14 days after planting, then weeds are left until harvest. The observation parameters were plant height, number of leaves per clump, number of tubers per clump, tuber wet weight per clump, tuber dry weight per clump, tuber wet weight per plot, tuber dry weight per plot, and weed wet weight. The research results showed that the treatment of spacing significantly affected the number of leaves at 6 & 7 weeks after planting and the number of tubers. The treatment of weeding time significantly affected the number of tubers and weed wet weight per plot. Interaction treatment between spacing and weeding time did not significantly affect all observed parameters. The best result obtained was at a spacing of 20 cm x 15 cm or weeding time up to 84 days after planting, then weeds are left until harvest.

The role of endophytic bacteria and mycorrhizae fungus as plant growth inducer of white turmeric

The use of endophytic bacteria and mycorrhizae fungus as plant growth inducer has been known. Endophytic bacteria could promote the growth of their host plant and Mycorrhizae could promote the growth of almost all species of plants. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of endophytic bacteria (Bacillus paramycoides KPU2, Klebsiella quasipneumoniae KPU4, Klebsiella pneumoniae KPR4.2, Burkholderia lata KPR8, Burkholderia metallica KPR9, and Kosakonia sachari KPD5), mycorrhizae fungus, and consortium both of the potential microbes on the growth of white turmeric. The experiment was set up at lath house for 10 months. The results of this study showed that single inoculation was better than that multi strains inoculation. Single endophytic bacteria inoculation and mycorrhizae inoculation produced the higher tuber dry weight of white turmeric (1059,33 gr and 918 gr, respectively). Endophytic bacteria were the most efficient inoculant compared to the other inoculant or treatment and significantly increased the number of leaf and sapling (14,33 and 2,83, respectively). The maximum plant height was observed in mycorrhizae inoculation (109,75 cm). Based on the microscopic observation of root infection, endophytic bacteria and mycorrhizae fungus could infected the root of white turmeric with the percentage of root infection is 25,55%. The results suggested that single endophytic bacteria and single mycorrhizae inoculation can be employed for plant growth inducer of white turmeric.

IDENTIFIKASI KARAKTER MORFOLOGI DAN AGRONOMI BEBERAPA VARIETAS BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum L.) DI DATARAN TINGGI

The different varieties used are the same growing environment will provide an overview of the application of varieties. The different varieties used are aimed at seeing the right variety for planting in the highlands as well as a better appearance. The research was carried out in the home screen of the experimental garden of the Vegetable Research Institute located in Cikole Village, Lembang District, West Bandung Regency. From September to December 2020. The research method used was a single factor randomized block design (RBD) with 9 replications. Treatment 3 was A (Bima Brebes variety), B (Pancasona variety), and C (Violetta-2 variety) so there were 27 experimental units. Treatment analysis with analysis test and analysis test 5% is significant, so to see the best treatment with the Least Significant Different (LSD) test at the 5% level. The results showed that there was a significant effect of varieties on plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, tuber length, tuber diameter, wet tuber weight per plant, wet tuber weight per plot and dry tuber weight per plot. Treatment C (Violetta-2 variety) gave the highest yield in plants (49.81 cm), number of leaves (16.76), tuber length (26.60 mm), tuber diameter (20.69 mm), wet tuber weight. per plant (20.72 grams), wet tuber weight per plot (60.14 grams), and dry tuber weight per plot (49.81 grams). Meanwhile, treatment B (Pancasona variety) gave the highest yield in the number of tillers (4.59 tillers). Keywords : Agronomy, Highlands, Morphology, Shallots, Varieties

Penggunaan Trichoderma Sp. Untuk Mengendalikan Busuk Umbi Pada Bawang Merah (Allium Ascolanicum L.)

The research objective was to determine the use of Trichoderma sp. to control shallots tuber (Allium ascalonicum L.). The research was conducted at Growth Center, Jl. Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara No. 1 Kenangan Baru, Percut Sei Tuan District, Deli Serdang Regency, 25 meters above sea level (asl). The design used was a factorial randomized block design (RBD) consisting of 2 factors, namely the factors of administration of Trichoderma sp. Consists of 5 levels, namely: T0: Control (without Trichoderma sp.), T1: 10 g Trichoderma sp./polybag, T2: 20 g Trichoderma sp./polybag, T3: 30 g Trichoderma sp./polybag, T4: 40 g Trichoderma sp./polybag. and time of giving Trichoderma sp. Consists 2 levels, namely: W1: Trichoderma sp. given 1 week before planting, and W2: 1 week after planting with 10 treatments combination. Observations included plant height (cm), number of leaves per clump (strands), number of tillers per clump (tuber), tuber wet weight per sample (g), tuber dry weight per sample (g), and the percentage of tuber rot attack. The results showed that: 1). The use of Trichoderma sp. with various doses (T0, T1, T2, T3, and T4) significant effect on plant height but no effect on observed other. While application time of Trichoderma sp. 1 week after planting (W2) showed a significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers. also significantly affected wet weight, dry weight, and the percentage of tuber rot attack. 2). The combination of the two treatment factors had no significant effect on all observed parameters.

Application of Chicken manure Dosage and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacetria on the Growth and Yield of Shallot Plants (Allium ascalonicum L.)

The study’s objective was to determine the effect of dose Fertilizer Coop Chicken and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on growth and yield crops of onion (Allium ascalonicum L.). The research was conducted in the agricultural land of Sadasari Village, Argapura District, Majalengka Regency, West Java. With an altitude of 639 masl, starting from April 2020 to June 2020. The research method used a randomized block design (RBD) Factorial pattern was repeated 3 times. The treatment tested is Factor 1 is chicken manure (K), consisting of three levels: k 1 = 10 tons / ha, k 2 = 15 tons / ha and k 3 = 20 tonnes / ha. Factor 2 is PGPR (P), consisting of three levels: p 1 = 5 ml / litre water, p 2 = 10 ml / litre water, and p 3 = 1 5 ml / litre water . The difference in the average treatment was tested using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at the 5% level. The results showed that there was an interaction between the dose of 20 ton / ha of chicken manure and 10 ml / l of PGPR of water on the average number of leaves aged 28 and 35 hst. The independent effect of chicken manure had a significant effect on the average plant height at 14 days and 35 days of planting, tuber diameter, average tuber wet weight per hill, and the average tuber dry weight per hill. The independent effect of PGPR has a significant effect on all observed parameters.

Inovasi teknologi budidaya bawang dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia Merr) untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan analisis kelayakan ekonomi

Dayak onions (Eleutherine palmifolia Merr) are a potential commodity that has many health benefits, so it has a high economic value. However, this Dayak onion plant has not received much attention in cultiva¬tion technology, especially fertilization. So far, this onion has grown relying on nature, while the land has diminished its fertility. This study tested a combination of chicken manure and NPK fertilizer to obtain the optimal composition to increase the productivity of Dayak onions. This study used a factorial randomized block design with 3 replications. The first factor consists of the treatment of chicken manure(O1 = control, O2 = 10 ton.ha-1 and O3 = 20 ton.ha-1). The second factor consists of NPK fertilizer(K1 = control, K2 = 100 kg.ha-1 Urea + 150 kg.ha-1 SP 36 + 200 kg.ha-1 KCl, K3 = 200 kg.ha-1Urea + 150 kg.ha-1 SP 36 + 200 kg.ha-1 KCl, and K4 = 300 kg.ha-1 Urea + 150 kg.ha-1 SP 36 + 200 kg.ha-1 KCl). The results showed that there was an interaction effect between the composition of chicken manure and NPK on the number of leaves, fresh weight of tubers, and dry weight of tubers per clump but did not affect the growth of plant height. The yield of Dayak bulbs of 62.60 g / clump was obtained in the composition of chicken manure of 20 tonnes.ha-1 with an NPK of 200 kg.ha-1 Urea + 150 kg.ha-1SP 36 + 200 kg.ha-1 KCl. From an economic perspective, the composition is very efficient and feasible, which is indicated by R / C> 1, namely 5.75, which means that with a certain unit cost, it can get 5.75 times the revenue.