Dry Unit Weight Research Articles

Study Komparasi Penambahan Palm Oil Ash Dengan Bantuan Semen Berdasarkan Nilai California Bearing Ratio

High water content, water saturation, and low carrying capacity are characteristics of clay soils. The road body may have an uneven surface. On the other hand, in the dry season it will harden and have a high carrying capacity so that a lot of dust is scattered on the road and blocks the driver's view. As a result, the neighborhood can experience traffic jams and accidents. Check the CBR and PI values to see if there is an increase in clay after stabilization using a mixture of Palm Oil Fuel Ash and cement with variations (0% POFA + 2% Cement), (3% POFA + 2% Cement), (5% POFA + 2% Cement), and (7% POFA + 2% Cement). Test method Sieve Analysis, Atterberg Limit, Specific Gravity, Moisture Content, Compaction and CBR. Cement and palm oil bunch ash produced a CBR value of 7.4% compared to a natural soil CBR value of 1.59%. The CBR value of the soil will increase, the dry unit weight value will decrease, and the plasticity value will decrease with the higher proportion of Oil Palm Bunch Ash and cement

Construction of Temporary Landfill Shield by Utilizing MICP Stabilized Water Treatment Plant Sludge Waste

The addition of Bacillus Subtilis bacteria to the mud soil at IPAM (Integrated Wastewater Treatment Plant) Perumda Tirta Manuntung Km.8 in Balikpapan City aimed to enhance its suitability as a temporary cover layer in places like landfills. Initial mud testing revealed key characteristics: Chemical Characteristics: The mud's specific chemical composition was identified, providing a foundation for a deeper understanding of its properties. Physical Characteristics: The mud falls into the fine-grained soil category, with 63% of particles passing through a No. 200 sieve. Moisture content is high at 42.54%, primarily composed of silt (39.8%) and clay (25%). Mechanical Characteristics: Standard proctor tests yielded a maximum dry unit weight of 1.099 gr/cc and an optimum water content of 33.65%. Initial soil permeability met temporary landfill cover criteria, with a permeability value of 5.04×10-4 cm/s. Further research demonstrated that by introducing Bacillus Subtilis bacteria at varying concentrations and incubation periods, mud permeability could be altered. The highest permeability, 4.27×10-4 cm/s, was achieved with an 8% bacteria concentration and a 7-day incubation period, while the lowest permeability, 1.19×10-5 cm/s, resulted from an 8% bacteria concentration and a 28-day incubation period. These findings suggest that Bacillus Subtilis addition can modify mud permeability, making it more suitable as a temporary landfill cover. This presents a potential solution for more effective IPAM management.

Mechanical Properties of Expansive Soil Stabilized by Sand

Expansive clay soils have swelling and shrinkage properties and somehow reduce the mechanical properties required for soils to be used in civil engineering works. One method to improve the soil is by mechanical stabilization, namely mixing expansive clay soil with sand material. The sand material used in this research varied by 7.5%, 15%, and 22.5% of the total dry weight of expansive clay. The results shows that changes in mechanical properties were observed from the compaction test and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) both for soaked or unsoaked test. Based on these variations, in the compaction test, the addition of sand variations increases the maximum dry unit weight value and generally reduces the optimum water content value. The same results were also seen in the soaked and unsoaked CBR tests. In the swelling potential test, the addition of sand material succeeded in reducing the swelling value in expansive clay soils.

Use of shear wave velocity for assessing engineering properties of compacted bentonite after swelling

The characteristics of compacted bentonite after swelling determine the long-term stability of barrier systems. Due to the fact that the current stress level is the most important variable in determining the performance of engineered geosystems, this study aims to investigate the stress states and the consequent change in engineering properties of compacted bentonites after swelling. A series of vertical and horizontal swelling pressure tests were performed for compacted bentonites with varying initial dry unit weights at varying pore fluid concentrations. The compacted bentonite samples after swelling were loaded to investigate the changes in lateral stress and deformability. In addition, the shear wave velocity was continuously measured during and after swelling processes. The results of this study demonstrate that the swelling pressure increased with increasing dry unit weight of tested materials and decreasing pore fluid concentrations. The changes in lateral stress and void ratio of compacted bentonite after swelling were only measurable when the applied vertical stress was greater than the swelling pressure, reflecting that the swelling pressure cancels out the externally applied stress. Most notably, this study reveals that the initiation and termination of the swelling process and the change in engineering properties of compacted bentonite after swelling can be determined by measuring shear wave velocity.

Numerical stability analysis and geotechnical investigation of landslide prone area (the case of Gechi district, Western Ethiopia)

The primary route linking Tobba, Gechi and Beddele has experienced landslides at three locations, causing significant disruption to traffic. The juniper trees and electric poles have suffered damage, and the extension lines are at risk. This investigation aims to identify the geotechnical conditions, soil type, and their role in landslide initiation, slope stability analysis, and measures to reduce the risk of landslides. The study employed fieldwork, laboratory analysis, and software analysis. The fieldwork involved measuring the slope geometry and landslide magnitude, as well as geophysical resistivity to determine the soil type and thickness of the weak zone. Soil samples were taken and tested for grain size analysis, Atterberg limit, water content, unit weight of soil, specific gravity, and shear strength parameters, following ASTM procedures. Plaxis v 8.6 software was used to supplement the slope stability analysis. The results indicate that the soil in the study area is classified as MH- elastic silt and elastic silt with sand (S1BH3 and S2BH1) behaving as sand. The fine-grained soil constitutes ≥50% of the soil, which significantly influences the soil properties. The numerical value of the factor of safety (FOS) from slope stability analysis decreases as the phreatic level increases. Electrical resistivity profiling indicated that there is a change in soil matrix and grainsize distribution. The dry unit weight varies from 6.28KN/m3 to 43.23KN/m3 and the slope angle varies from 14.09° to 14.62°. The cohesion of the soil varies from 40.71KN/m2 to 67.02KN/m2 and the angle of internal friction varies from 15.12° to 26.62°. The landslides were triggered by heavy rainfall, and the primary factors affecting slope stability are soil type and characteristics, surface and groundwater, and slope steepness. To maintain the slope's stability, it is recommended to modify the slope geometry, construct sheet piles and retaining walls, provide adequate drainage structures, and afforest the area with long-rooted grass and trees.

Prediction of uniaxial compressive strength of the Kızılkaya ignimbrite with variable properties using MRA and ANN, Cappadocia (Turkey)

Cappadocia in Turkey is an important region with emphasis on ethnic and historic structures and geological features. Because of volcanic eruptions, ash flow materials deposited at different levels. These different colored ignimbrite levels have a wide range of geomechanical properties. In the region, the Kızılkaya ignimbrite covers a very large area and is frequently used as building dimension stone in for the restoration of old historical buildings such as churches, caravansaries and mosques as well as new buildings. It contains tuffaceous matrix with some minerals and rock fragments. The rock has variable character. In this study, the relationship between petrographic and physico-mechanical properties of the Kızılkaya ignimbrite was investigated. Rate of change between uniaxial compressive strength and the other index properties of the rock was statistically examined utilizing multiple regression analysis (MRA) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) methods. The study has shown that uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of the ignimbrite can be successfully estimated by the use of dry unit weight, effective porosity, sonic velocity, and grain matrix ratio (GMR) parameters. A new UCS prediction equation is proposed in this paper for the ignimbrite with variable character. Since properties of the ignimbrite at different distances from the eruption area changes significantly, the approach presented in this study can be considered for the ignimbrites especially covering a large area with different welding degrees and grains.

River bank erosion vulnerability demarcation based on the sensitivity analysis of geotechnical parameters: Majuli Island, India

The present study assesses the vulnerability of the river bank area most sensitive to erosion by combining the data obtained from existing literature and performing numerical simulation using finite element-based numerical code. Various geotechnical parameters, like average particle size (D50), Plasticity Index (PI), Elastic Modulus (E), Dry Unit Weight (γd) or Saturated Unit Weight (γsat), Coefficient of Permeability (k), Undrained Shear Strength (cu), Moisture Content (w%) and soil types based on the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS), were taken into account. Weighted Ranking Analysis (WRA) was performed based on the sensitivity of relevant geotechnical factors affecting bank erosion. The results indicate that the areas influenced by the Subansiri River (western bank) and the Brahmaputra River (southern bank) fall in the highly vulnerable zone category, while the Luhit and Kherkutia Suti Rivers (northern bank) fall in the moderately vulnerable category to river bank erosion.

Biomass Harvesting from Salvage Clearcuts on Young Eucalypt Stands and Post-Wildfire Pine Thinnings with Fixteri FX15a Feller-Bundler in Spain

We studied two Eucalyptus globulus salvage clearcuts—after a wildfire and a Gonipterus attack—and a strong thinning on a dense Pinus pinaster stand which was regenerated 20 years after a wildfire and also affected by a Matsococcus pest. Biomass harvesting was performed using the feller-bundler Fixteri FX-15a, which was time-studied during several weeks using GNSS combined with an automatic weight/time registration system (WNexus-2®). Detailed in situ time studies were applied during shorter periods as well. The productivity equations found as main explanative factors for the salvage clearcuts the unit weight per tree and the felling reason (wildfire vs. pest); for the thinning, besides the unit weight, the percentage of extracted basal area explained the productivity. Biomass collection did not allow an economic positive balance: in the Gonipterus-affected plantation the cost was reduced to 125 €·ha−1, reaching a zero balance for unit weights greater than 33 kg (dry matter) per tree; the restoration cost in the pine stand was 265 €·ha−1, much lower than the cost without biomass harvesting. In the burned eucalypt, the zero cost would be achieved for a dry unit weight much greater than the observed values. Although Fixteri performance and utilization were remarkable, recommendations about possible improvements of its design and operation were concluded from the detailed time studies.

STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF HYBRID FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE USING FLY ASH

Concrete is strong in compression and weaker in tension. Therefore, to enhance the tensile strength of concrete certain fibres are added into the concrete. Fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) contains fibrous material, which increase the structural stability and integrity. Nowadays, hybrid fibre reinforced concrete (HFRC), which is the combination of various fibres into the conventional concrete makes it subtle and enhances the mechanical behaviour of the concrete. Aim of the study is to investigate the properties of hybrid steel and basalt fibres with and without fly ash for M25 grade of concrete. Four groups of mixtures containing fly ash (FA) contents of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% as cement replacement were produced with the inclusion of 0.50% steel fibres (SF) and 0.50% basalt fibres (BF) by volume of concrete. Fresh properties of mixtures were evaluated by using slump test, compaction factor and vee bee test. Hardened properties were tested at 28 days. Compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile strength, dry unit weight, porosity and water absorption were assessed. According to the results from the study, it is found that hybrid fibre reinforced concrete can act synergistically and increases the strength properties of concrete. The microcracks are checked to a larger extent. Key Words: Fly ash, Steel fibre and Basalt fibre

Converting optimum compaction properties of fine-grained soils between rational energy levels

This study introduces a practical energy conversion (EC)-type modeling framework capable of converting the optimum compaction properties of fine-grained soils between any two rational compaction energy levels (CELs). Model development/calibration was carried out using a database of 242 compaction test results — the largest and most diverse database of its kind, to date, entailing 76 fine-grained soils (covering liquid limits of 16–256%), with each soil tested for at least three different CELs. On establishing the framework, an independent database of 91 compaction test results (consisting of 34 fine-grained soils tested for varying CELs) was employed for its validation. The proposed EC-based models employ measured optimum water content (OWC) and maximum dry unit weight (MDUW) values obtained for a rational CEL (preferably standard Proctor) to predict the same for higher and/or lower compactive efforts (covering 214–5416 kJ/m3). The 95% lower and upper statistical agreement limits between the predicted/converted and measured OWCs were obtained as −2.16 wc % and +2.25 wc %, both of which are on par (in terms of magnitude) with the ASTM D1557 allowable limit of 2.1 wc %. For the MDUW predictions, these limits were calculated as −0.71 and +0.66 kN/m3, which can also be deemed acceptable when compared against ASTM’s allowable limit of ±0.7 kN/m3 (= ±4.4 lb/ft3). The proposed framework offers a reasonably practical procedure to accurately convert the optimum compaction parameters across different CELs (without the need for any soil index properties), and thus can be used with confidence for preliminary project design assessments.

Pengujian Karakteristik Tanah pada Daerah Ngasem Kediri Sebagai Dasar Perencanaan Konstruksi

Ngasem District, Kediri Regency is an area that is close to educational centers, shopping centers, and tourism areas, so it is suitable to build housing in the area. However, there were several residents' houses that were damaged, such as cracked floors and walls. One of the contributing factors is the condition of the soil. This study aims to conduct a soil investigation to determine the characteristics of the soil in the area by using laboratory tests including sieving gradation tests, atterberg limits, compaction and soil shear strength and the results show that the soil in the area is classified as SW-SC soil, namely well graded sand with a little clay mixture so it has low plasticity. In addition, the maximum dry unit weight was 1.76 gr/cm3, the optimum moisture content was 15.38% from the compaction test and the cohesion value was 0.894 kPa and the shear angle was 29.685° from the shear strength test. The results of this study can be useful in providing an overview of soil characteristics as a reference in construction projects.Keywords: soil characteristics, SW-SC soil, atterberg boundaries, Ngasem District

Influence of Compaction on Electrical Resistivity Characteristics of Fine-grained Soil East of Baghdad City, Iraq

In geotechnical practice, there is a continuous demand for an efficient method for measuring the soil moisture content and dry unit weight of compacted soils used in a wide range of earthwork constructions. The Electrical Resistivity method has increasingly been used for rapid and non-invasive assessment of some geotechnical properties. This study aims to evaluate the influence of Moisture Content (MC), Dry Unit Weight (DUW), and Compaction Energy (E) on the Electrical Resistivity (ER) of soil collected from the east of Baghdad City, Iraq. To achieve this goal, soil specimens were compacted to various MC and DUW found in geotechnical practice using different E levels. The ER of prepared specimens was measured using the two electrodes method and compared with various geotechnical parameters related to the compaction process. The results showed that the employed MC, DUW, and E levels influenced the ER. The higher the MC, DUW, and E, the lower the ER. However, the ER was more sensitive to these variables for specimens compacted dry of the optimum. Furthermore, the ER was correlated very well with Volumetric Moisture Content ϴ and Degree of Saturation Sr of soil, with a high correlation coefficient (R2 >94%) and very low p-values, which indicated that these correlations were statistically significant. The current findings indicate the usefulness of the ER method for predicting these parameters. Therefore, using the ER method as a rapid and cost-effective technique for the preliminary evaluation of soil compaction variables in earthwork constructions is recommended. However, the current laboratory findings must be confirmed on different soil types.

Bearing capacity of shallow foundations on Florida limestone: A study of single layer and rock-over-sand subsurface

This study investigated the bearing capacity of shallow foundations on Florida limestone using 3D finite element modeling (FEM) with a bilinear strength envelope based on rock formations and bulk dry unit weights. Most Florida limestones at shallow depths are highly porous and have a low density and strength, thereby resulting in a ductile stress–strain response and contractive volumetric behavior under service loads, both of which are not well characterized by conventional bearing capacity methodologies.In this study, a bilinear Mohr–Coulomb elastoplastic model with a non-associated flow rule (negative dilation angle) was integrated into a 3D FEM code from a series of laboratory triaxial strength test results. Numerical simulations were performed for different footing sizes, shapes, and embedment depths using homogeneous rock and rock-over-sand subsurface. Beginning with the numerical results from a strip footing on a homogeneous rock deposit, a bearing capacity equation was developed for bilinear strength conditions. Further, the width, shape, and embedment factors were developed, and a reduction factor was developed based on the rock layer thickness and moduli of rock and sand for the rock-over-sand condition often encountered in South Florida. The study concludes with a comparison between developed equations and conventional bearing capacity methodologies.

STATISTICAL METHOD FOR ESTIMATING SELECTED GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF QUATERNARY SEDIMENT

Quaternary sediments have characteristics that distinguish them from older soils. In engineering practice, these sediments are of particular interest to engineering geologists and geotechnical engineers because many engineering constructions have to be founded on, or in, them. This paper describes a method for rapidly estimating selected geotechnical properties of some Quaternary soil from the Mesopotamian Plain using statistical correlation equations. The paper explored an expedient statistical method to estimate some geotechnical properties (including total and dry unit weights, void ratio, porosity, Atterberg limits, and compression index) rapidly without running time-consuming and expensive laboratory tests. It was found that the selected properties showed a relatively moderate to high correlation with independent properties. Both the unit weight and void ratio depicted a high correlation with initial water content. while a moderate correlation existed between compression index and initial water content. Also, the plasticity index has a strong correlation with liquid limit values. The results of this study accord an additional usage as facultative engineering tools for geotechnical engineers to utilize for any preliminary engineering design.

Expanded glass sphere/lauryl alcohol composite in gypsum: Physico-mechanical properties, energy storage performance and environmental impact assessment

In recent years, thermal energy storage systems, which are a promising solution to improve the thermal comfort of buildings and reduce energy demand, are a critical issue. This study aims to develop a new shape-stable gypsum composite using expanded glass sphere (EGS) and lauryl alcohol (LA) and analyses its thermal performances. For this purpose, EGS was impregnated with LA in different mass fractions (25 and 50%) by direct impregnation technique. DSC results exposed that melting temperature and melting enthalpy of shape-stable EGS/LA composite were 20.97 °C and 83.1 J/g, respectively. FTIR investigations confirmed the existence of well chemical compatibility between EGS and LA. TGA analysis revealed that the operating temperature of EGS/LA was considerably lower than its thermal degradation temperature. While incorporation of EGS and EGS/LA composite increases water absorption and porosity; caused a decrease in compressive strength, dry unit weight and ultrasound pulse velocity properties. EGS/Gypsum composite with LA (50%) provided a warmer room temperature for more than 12 h between midnight and solar noon hours. It achieved about 2 ℃ warmer room during these hours. After solar noon hours, proposed composite attained about 3.6 ℃ cooler room center temperatures. It provided cooler indoor temperatures for more than 5 h. A warmer indoor temperature was observed for EGS/Gypsum composite with LA (50%) after 18:00 until midnight to be 2 ℃. It can provide a carbon emission saving of around 3–23.2 kg-CO2/kWh, depending on fuel type for a wall cover made of EGS/Gypsum with LA.

Analysis and Optimization of Tensile Strength for Loess Stabilized by Calcium Carbide Residue

Calcium carbide residue (CCR) can be reutilized to solidify the loess for road construction as a base or subbase due to its rich Ca(OH)2 facilitating pozzolanic reaction with water and soil particles. This study examines the effect of curing time, CCR contents, and dry unit weights on the tensile strength (Rt) of CCR-stabilized loess through the splitting tensile test. Aiming to predict the Rt values, the ratio of porosity (n) controlled by compacted effort and initial volumetric CCR content (Liv), namely n/Liv, was chosen as a prediction parameter and then modified to n/Liv0.064 for compatible variation rate with Rt values. A prediction model for the splitting tensile strength of CCR-treated soil was proposed considering the modified ratio n/Liv0.064 and curing days. The results indicate that Rt values showed a nearly linear positive correlation with CCR contents and dry unit weights, logarithmic increase with the extension of curing time, but no apparent relationship with the ratio n/Liv. The modified ratio n/Liv0.064 can reflect the trend of Rt values at different curing days since the coefficients of determination were almost greater than 0.90 except for the specimens cured for seven days. The proposed prediction model had a good fit for laboratory data with 97% acceptability and close to 3% error. It can be applied for estimating the Rt values of CCR-stabilized loess using curing time and an optimized ratio of porosity and initial volumetric CCR content. From the aspect of practical engineering, the reutilization of CCR can reduce construction costs, waste disposal costs, and environmental pollution.

Comparison of gyratory compaction effect on coarse and fine-grained soils

Filling materials should have high strength and required gradation. It is important to determine properties of the filling material in the laboratory to satisfy required codes. The optimum water content and maximum dry unit weight can be designated by performing Proctor tests, which have been used for nearly a century. The impact loads are used to compress the soil in an inflexible mold in Proctor tests, but in reality, field compaction methods rely on a combination of kneading, vibration, and augmented normal pressures to achieve required densities in field. In this study, firstly standard proctor tests, modified proctor tests and Supervave Gyratory Compaction tests were conducted on different soil types. Then the compression curves were compared and the statistical analysis (ANOVA) were performed to find out the best methodology. Dry unit weight obtained using the SGC were compared with the maximum dry unit weight obtained using laboratory impact methods. The results showed that soil samples compacted with a gyratory compactor give the same performance over impact compaction methods.

Innovative approach to waste management: utilizing stabilized municipal solid waste in road infrastructure.

In recent years, a sudden upsurge in the quantity of municipal solid waste (MSW) has been observed, and the status quo demands a constructive and economically viable solution. The use of stabilized municipal solid waste (SMSW) in road construction can help in reducing the burden on landfills and waste management authorities. In the existing study, SMSW was accumulated from the Okhla landfill which is situated in New Delhi that is rich in an organic content. This SMSW was then blended with soil (5%, 10%, and 15%) and bottom ash with varying percentages (10%, 20%, 30%) individually and a mix of soil and bottom ash in the ratio of 1:1 to reduce the content of organic matter. The blended sample was then tested to check its compaction value, California bearing ratio (CBR), unconfined compressive strength (UCS), durability, and scanning electron microstructure (SEM). The results indicated that the addition of bottom ash to SMSW decreases the maximum dry unit weight that varies between 1.65 and 1.51 KN/m3 while this value reduces to 1.72 to 1.67 KN/m3 in the case of the bottom ash-soil blend. Also, CBR value reduces to 25.50 to 18.00% in case of bottom ash and 25.89 to 21.92% for bottom ash-soil samples and inverse in the case of SMSW samples blended with soil ranges between 19.95 and 22.59%. The California bearing ratio value of all samples under soaked condition meets the minimum criteria (> 10%) as specified in IRC SP-72 for low-volume roads, but at the same time failed to meet the durability specifications. Thus, it is recommended to use this soil subgrade material in arid regions.

Effect of sandstone slurry waste on the geotechnical properties of clay subgrade

Sustainability in clayey soil subgrade stabilization has become an emerging topic worldwide. The voluminous generation of sandstone slurry waste from the sandstone cutting and processing industries endangers the environment and human health. The present research investigated how such geotechnical characteristics of the clay soil subgrade were impacted by the addition of sandstone slurry waste (SSW) produced during the cutting and processing of sandstone. Sandstone slurry waste was dried for this experimental analysis and added to the clayey soil. Sandstone slurry waste was added in proportion from 0% to 35% (by dry weight) at intervals of 5% in clay soil, and mixtures were assessed based on how well their geotechnical properties have been improved. Atterberg's limits, compaction, and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests were conducted on the untreated clay and SSW-clay composites to evaluate the soil subgrade's physical properties and strength parameters. The experimental results revealed that incorporating 25% sandstone slurry waste by dry weight in clayey soil improves the maximum dry unit weight (MDUW), workability, and strength of clayey soil. The result of the CBR test showed that the CBR values of subgrade material enhanced with the addition of SSW. The improvement in treated composites was 69.79% and 68.27% for soaked and unsoaked conditions, respectively, at 25% SSW dose. The present experimental study shows that SSW-clay composite containing 25% SSW can treat the clayey soil subgrade.

Physical-Mechanical and Electrical Resistivity Properties of Cementitious Mortars Containing Fe3O4-MWCNTs Nanocomposite

Recent growth in materials science and engineering technologies has pushed the construction industry to engage in new applications, such as the manufacturing of smart and electrically conductive products. Such novel uses of conductive construction materials would potentially allow their use in conjunction with various fields, such as those referred to as “Industry 4.0.” The following study uses iron oxide (Fe3O4)-multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanocomposites synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and incorporated into the cementitious mortars as a substitute for sand at 1, 2, and 3% ratios to enhance the electrical conductivity. Results reveal that the electrical resistivity of cementitious composites decreases (due to the increase in electrical conductivity) from 208.3 to 61.6 Ω·m with both the Fe3O4-MWCNTs nanocomposites ratio and the increasing voltage. The lowest compressive strengths at 7 and 28 days are 12.6 and 17.4 MPa for specimens with 3% Fe3O4-MWCNTs and meet the standards that comply with most applications. On the other hand, the highest porosity was reached at 26.8% with a Fe3O4-MWCNTs rate of 3%. This increase in porosity caused a decrease in both the dry unit weight and ultrasonic pulse velocity (from 5156 to 4361 m/s). Further, it is found that the incorporation of Fe3O4-MWCNT nanocomposites can have a negative effect on the hardening process of mortars, leading to localized air cavities and an inhomogeneous development of cementing products. Nonetheless, the improvement of the electrical conductivity of the samples without significantly compromising their physico-mechanical properties will allow their use in various fields, such as deicing applications with low-voltage electric current.