Dry Unit Weight Research Articles

An experimental investigation on geotechnical properties of a clayey soil stabilised with lime and zeolite in base and subbase courses

Zeolite is often exploited to reduce the consumption of lime in the treatment of problematic clays and to help further enhance the soil stabilisation process in pavement base and subbase courses. For the mix design of the proposed pavement materials, 8% lime was first opted, according to pH tests, as the optimum content and its different portions were then replaced by zeolite inclusion. A comprehensive set of Atterberg limits, standard Proctor, unconfined compression and unconsolidated undrained (UU) triaxial tests was performed on lime and zeolite stabilised specimens. Zeolite addition into the mixture increased the maximum dry unit weight and decreased the optimum moisture content. The least plasticity index and the highest unconfined compressive strength were attained at 25% of lime replacement with zeolite, deemed to be the optimum mixing content. Results of UU triaxial tests on the optimum mixtures also confirmed the marked improvement of shear strength parameters.

Fuzzy logic assessment of engineering properties of granular soil with wastes for environment protection and road base use

Afyonkarahisar is a city in Turkey and is rich especially with marble production. Therefore, marble dust piles occupy places in residential fields and agricultural lands or the vicinity of the marble manufacturing facilities. So, the use of those wastes with some amount of fly ashes with granular soils as admixtures for road constructions around the city will be great to protect the environment pollution and also to handle waste storage problems besides also improving the engineering properties and strength of these soils. However, assessing appropriate percentages of admixtures is a difficult task and requires performing many laboratory experiments considering different combinations and rates for each type of soil. So, the purpose of this study was to develop a practical method taking each possible marble dust and fly ash rates and their combinations into account for assessing the strength and compaction properties of granular soil used in road bases. The developed method may also reduce the number of laboratory experiments, lessen labor costs, and save experiment time. The model presented in this study is based upon the fuzzy logic inference method. The model contains two fuzzy input sets as the marble dust and fly ash and four fuzzy output sets as California Bearing Ratio (CBR), unconfined compressive strength (qu), dry unit weight (γdry) and water content (ωopt). The study results showed that the strength parameters as CBR and qu and compaction properties as γdry and ωopt of the granular soil with different combinations and percentages of marble dust and fly ash admixtures can be determined with high rate of confidences by using this model.

Surrogate models to predict maximum dry unit weight, optimum moisture content and California bearing ratio form grain size distribution curve

This study evaluates the applicability of using a robust, novel, data-driven method in proposing surrogate models to predict the maximum dry unit weight, optimum moisture content, and California bearing ratio of coarse-grained soils using only the results of the grain size distribution analysis. The data-driven analysis has been conducted using evolutionary polynomial regression analysis (MOGA-EPR), employing a comprehensive database. The database included the particle diameter corresponding to a percentage of the passing of 10%, 30%, 50%, and 60%, coefficient of uniformity, coefficient of curvature, dry unit weight, optimum moisture content, and California bearing ratio. The statistical assessment results illustrated that the MOGA-EPR provides robust models to predict the maximum dry unit weight, optimum moisture content, and California bearing ratio. The new models’ performance has also been compared with the empirical models proposed by different researchers. It was found from the comparisons that the new models provide enhanced accuracy in predictions as these models scored lower mean absolute error and root mean square error, mean values closer to one, and higher and coefficient of correlation. Therefore, the new models can be used to ensure more optimised and robust design calculations.

Investigating the effect of PET plastic bottle strips on the strength and compressibility properties of clayey soil

The production of plastic bottles by the manufacturing industry has increased drastically over the last six decades across the globe. This rapid production has led to the generation of many waste plastic bottles, thus causing environmental pollution. About 180 tonnes of plastics are generated daily in Kampala, the capital city of Uganda, and around 50% is dumped into the Kiteezi landfill. Instead of putting pressure on the landfill, these plastic bottle wastes could be reused in stabilizing soils with poor engineering properties. The current study investigates the engineering properties of clayey soil reinforced with Polyethylene-terephthalate waste plastic bottle strips. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the geotechnical and engineering properties of the soil reinforced with waste plastic bottle strips at 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4% of the dry unit weight of the soil and non-stabilized soil were determined by conducting laboratory tests, such as particle size distribution, Atterberg limits, compaction test and California Bearing Ratio. The results revealed that the California Bearing Ratio of the soil reinforced with Polyethylene-terephthalate waste plastic bottle strips increased with the increase in the percentage of Polyethylene-terephthalate waste plastic bottle strips up to 0.3%. Beyond 0.3%, a drop in California Bearing Ratio was observed. It indicates that 0.3% Polyethylene-terephthalate waste plastic bottle strips is the optimum percentage for stabilizing low plasticity clayey soils.

Performance of sustainable concrete containing different types of recycled plastic

The valorisation of plastic wastes has become a major environmental challenge. Problems stem from factors such as the limited reuse and difficulty of waste recycling. Plastic is an important type of solid waste with a strong environmental impact. This study aims to investigate and compare the impact of replacing fine aggregate by polyethylene (PE) and poly-ethylene terephthalate (PET) in concrete. The influence of those substances on the physical and mechanical properties of concrete was examined. Five concrete mixtures containing PET and PE was prepared as a partial replacement for fine aggregate with substitution levels 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%. Concrete was cast to investigate the fresh and hardened behaviour of concrete containing plastic in terms of workability, dry and fresh unit weight, compressive strength at different ages, flexural strength, tensile strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, impact resistance and energy absorption. The experimental results showed a reduction in both wet and dry unit weight, whereas replacing the sand by plastic harmed the concrete strengths at varying rates. However, the addition of plastic improved the energy capacity and enhanced the impact resistance of concrete which proved that recycled plastic can be disposed of by limited ratios and therefore, can be effectively applied in industrial usage.

Mechanical and Environmental Performance of Eggshell Lime for Expansive Soils Improvement

Efficient and environmentally friendly alternative binders for expansive soils improvement are needed to practice sustainable geotechnics. This study evaluates the viability of a lime produced from eggshell waste as a green stabilization binder for expansive soils. Three contributions to the literature were achieved: (i) a comparison of the swelling, strength, stiffness, plasticity, and morphology of expansive soils stabilized with hydrated eggshell lime and hydrated industrial lime (i.e. commercially available lime), (ii) a statistical analysis of lime stabilization for swelling control and (iii) a life cycle assessment of eggshell lime versus industrial lime. Free-swell, unconfined compression, stiffness and Atterberg limits tests, and environmental assessment were performed to analyze the bentonite-kaolin-lime blends. Different proportions of bentonite-kaolin, dry density, lime content, and curing time were evaluated. Swelling data was correlated with the porosity/lime index. Results indicate that the alternative binder is a suitable option to improve the mechanical and swelling behavior of expansive soils, presenting higher strength and a reduction in expansion for all analyzed conditions, when compared to the industrial lime. Statistical analyses showed that bentonite content, lime content and dry unit weight factors should be focused for swelling reduction. For both studied limes, the adjusted porosity/lime index was an appropriate parameter to evaluate the swelling of stabilized soils. Life cycle assessment revealed that the alternative binder is a sustainable option as it avoids limestone mineral extraction and improvement.

The impact of natural and calcined zeolites on the mechanical and durability characteristics of glass fiber reinforced cement composites

In this paper, an experimental study of the effects of natural and calcined zeolites and glass fibers on the mechanical, transport and accelerated ageing characteristics of cementitious composites exposed to wetting–drying and freeze–thaw cycles was presented. Three reference mixtures were fabricated with the inclusion of glass fibers (GF) at the rates of 0, 1.5 and 3% by weight of cement and without zeolites as cement substitute.18 mixtures were produced with two percentages 15 and 30 of natural zeolites (NZ) and two different zeolites calcined at 600 °C and 800 °C (CZ6, CZ8) as partial substitution of white Portland cement (WPC) and 0, 1.5 and 3% addition of GF by weight of cement. Workability of fresh cement composites were assessed by performing slump test. Mechanical performance were evaluated by compressive and flexural strength at 7, 28 and 91 days. Dry unit weight, transport properties, drying shrinkage and sorptivity of the mixtures were also evaluated. Durability performance is evaluated by performing accelerated ageing, 60 and 120 freeze–thaw and 25, 50 and 75 wetting–drying cycles. The results exhibited that calcination increased the amorphous content and BET surface area and pozzolanic reactivity of natural zeolites. The mixtures with calcined zeolites performed better than the mixtures with natural zeolites when considering compressive and flexural strength at all curing ages. Based on the results, it was found that at later age of 91 days, replacing cement with 15% zeolites calcined at 600 °C and without glass fibers exhibited the compressive strength very close to the corresponding reference mixture R1. Similarly, the mixture with 15% zeolites calcined at 800 °C and 1.5% glass fibers revealed higher compressive strength than the corresponding reference mixture R2.

Modelling and estimation of Wide Wheel abrasion values of building stones by multivariate regression and artificial neural network analyses

The Wide Wheel is a recent abrasion test method (WA) proposed for building stones. The WA test is carried out by special equipment using abrasive dust on prismatic building stone samples. The purpose of this study is providing a methodology for practical estimation of the WA values from dry unit weight (γ), open porosity (PO), P-wave velocity (VP) and uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) values. In the study, test data from previous studies were compiled. Multivariate regression analyses (MLR), Feed Forward Back Propagated (FFBP) and Generalized Regression Neural Networks (GRNN) algorithms of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) were employed in the analyses. Equations by MLR analyses to estimate the WA values for 5 models were proposed. Then, FFBP and GRNN analyses were performed, and their prediction performance results were assessed. All five models were determined to be strong enough to be used in practice, although FFBP and GRNN are found to be stronger in prediction capability than the MLR method.

The role of rice husk ash, cement and polypropylene fibers on the mechanical behavior of a soil from Guabirotuba formation

The main focus of this research was to evaluate the behavior of three different materials added to the Guabirotuba Formation soil, which were: rice husk ash (RHA) [5%, 10%, 15%], Portland cement (PC) [2%, 5%] and polypropylene fiber (PPF) [0.5%]. A geotechnical characterization and compaction tests of the soil and all blends were carried out. Subsequently, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and splitting tensile strength (STS) tests were performed for specimens subjected to three curing times (7, 28, 90 days). Finally, statistical analysis based on the theory of errors were conducted. The results showed a significant variation of Atterberg limits, where PI went from (14.8 ± 0.1)% in the pure soil to (1.3 ± 0.2)% in B12 (Soil + 5 %PC + 15 %RHA + 0.5 %PPF). On the other hand, the maximum dry unit weight (γdmax) was decrease and the optimum moisture content (OMC) increase as the content of additives and PPF increased. This variation was higher in B12 where the γdmax had a decrease of 1.46 kN/m3 and the OMC increased 10.7 pp concerning to the pure soil. The results of the UCS and STS tests showed that the best blend was B12 where UCS went from (357 ± 6)kPa to (2118 ± 3)kPa in the pure soil and B12, respectively. In the same way, STS went from (39 ± 1)kPa in pure soil to (431 ± 4)kPa in B12. In this way, it was found that the RHA is a potential substitute for a part of the PC used in soil improvement. On the other hand, it was observed that the PPF presented the most important contribution to the reinforcement of the stabilized soil, since the PPFs prevent the development of cracks and improves the strength of the soil when the force was applied.

A novel energy-effective and carbon-emission reducing mortars with bottom ash and phase change material: Physico-mechanical and thermal energy storage characteristics

Novel cement based mortars containing bottom ash (BA) and phase change material (PCM) as thermal energy storing material were developed for thermal controlling of buildings. Form-stable BA/Capric-Stearic (C-S) acid eutectic mixture composite was produced at an impregnation rate of 30 wt% C-S. Melting temperature and latent heat capacity of form-stable composite PCM were observed as 23.65 °C and 52 J/g, respectively while the mortar containing 30 wt.% composite PCM had a melting temperature of 21.42 °C and latent heat value of 13.62 J/g. Water demand, porosity and absorption was increased depending on the variation of BA/C-S composite PCM. The compressive strength and dry unit weight of the mortar decreased up to 35 MPa at 28th day and 1826 kg/m3. The highest indoor heat difference between reference mortar and BA/C-S composite included-mortar was found to be 2.80 °C for heating and 1.95 °C for cooling period. Analytical approaches revealed that composite PCM adapted buildings have promising annual energy saving and carbon-emission reducing potential for various fuels. It was concluded that usage of the developed composite PCM has high potential for creation novel kinds of energy saving panels, concretes, mortars, bricks etc. used for inside temperature regulation of buildings.

Properties of polypropylene fiber reinforced cellular lightweight high calcium fly ash geopolymer mortar

In this study, fly ash (FA) was used as a starting material to develop an environmentally friendly polypropylene fiber (PPF) reinforced cellular lightweight high calcium fly ash geopolymer mortar (PPF-CLFAG). The high calcium FA, a by-product of coal based electrical power plant from Mae Moh, Thailand, was used as the starting material. The PPF contents of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, and 3% by weight of FA, NaOH at concentrations of 2, 4, 6, and 8 molars, and foam contents (Fc) of 0%, 1%, and 2% of total weight were tested. The unit weight, compressive strength, flexural strength, and scanning electron microscope imaging were tested at the age of 7 days. The dry unit weight was found to decrease with the increasing PPF content and Fc. Whereas, the dry unit weight decreased as NaOH concentrations decreased. The sample with 3%PPF, 2 M NaOH, and 2% Fc had the lowest dry unit weight of 541 kg/m3. The highest compressive strength was obtained with 0.5%PPF content, whereas the highest flexural strength was observed with 2.5%PPF content, regardless of the NaOH concentration and Fc. According to Thailand Industrial Standard (TIS), all mixtures in this study passed the TIS minimum strength requirement for cellular lightweight concrete blocks. The maximum flexural strength of 3.85 MPa and density of 1279 kg/m3 were obtained with the sample with 2.5%PPF and 8 M NaOH with no foam. Empirical equations to predict dry unit weight, compressive strength, and flexural strength of PPF-CLFAG for a given NaOH concentration, PPF content, and Fc were proposed.

Prediction of undrained shear strength and correlation in between soil parameters

Correlation of soil parameters has undeniable benefit in the determination of engineering properties of soil to solve problems in geotechnical Engineering area. The tests were conducted within geotechnical laboratory. These tested soil parameters, used in the correlation analysis are unconfined compressive strength, bulk unit weight and dry unit weight. The aim of this study is proposing a relationship in between the strength parameter with some of the index properties of soils using statistical regression analysis. The linear regression analyses have been done for prediction of unconfined compressive strength (qu ) from bulk and dry unit weight as model-1 and model-2 respectively. And dry unit weight was predicted from bulk unit weight as model-3. Model-4 represents the multiple linear regression analysis to predict qu . The health of developed models is measured by coefficient of determination (R 2) values. Though, model-1, model-2, model-3 and model-4 have R – squared values of 0.9112, 0.9333, 0.9109 and 0.9452 respectively. Therefore, they are correlated strongly and positively. The prediction of unconfined compressive strength of these soils correlated in linear regression, are fairly determined with Model-2 compared with model-1 and model-4 (MLR).

Lime–Ground Glass–Sodium Hydroxide as an Enhanced Sustainable Binder Stabilizing Silica Sand

Ordinary portland cement (OPC) has been extensively used for decades to improve the engineering properties of a variety of soils. However, the environmental issues related to the production of OPC have created an urgent need to develop and use alternative binders such as alkali-activated cements (AAC). Thus, this work assesses the mechanical performance of a sandy soil amended with an AAC composed of ground waste glass (GWG), carbide lime (CL), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The effect of key factors, such as the presence of a NaOH solution, the dry unit weight, and the amount of binder were evaluated on the unconfined compressive strength (qu), initial shear modulus (G0), and accumulated loss of mass (ALM) of compacted sand-binder specimens cured for 7 days. When analyzing the curves that correlated the mechanical behavior of the blends (qu, G0, and ALM) with the η/Biv index, the results show that the alkaline solution has a significant positive influence on the mechanical response of the tested specimens. The improved mechanical performance of the alkali-activated treatments was associated with the formation of a blend of C─ S─ H and (C,N)─ S─ H cementitious compounds coexisting in the same cementitious matrix (alkaline hybrid cement), of heterogeneous structure and composition, and characterized by developing in greater quantity than those produced from a pozzolanic reaction.

Utjecaj vapnene prašine na ponašanje glinovitog tla

High price of land and importance of modern construction has imposed the need to strengthen weak clay soils. The stabilization of these soils has been conducted using various additives. Due to its low cost, availability, and positive impact on resistance, lime has traditionally been applied for stabilisation of poor and sensitive types of soils. In this research, lime powder, added in the percentages of 0, 2, 4, 8 and 16 of the dry soil weight, was mixed with kaolinite clay soil and its various engineering parameters were investigated during the curing time of 90 days. PH change, Atterberg Limits, optimum water content, and the modified clay maximum dry unit weight, were determined at different percentages of lime during the curing time. In the scope of determination of an optimum lime powder content, the Unconfined Compressive Strength tests (UCS) and CBR tests were conducted. The Young’s modulus was determined based on UCS testing and definition of stress-strain curve. The results showed a significant increase in the effective, responsive performance of lime in the soil and a remarkable increase in the maximum compressive strength (qu), cohesion, and Young’s modulus.

ASSESSMENT OF RESIDUAL SOIL PROPERTIES FOR SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS

Slope instability is a common natural geological hazard in tropical countries like Malaysia, with abundant residual soil and frequent rainfall. Over the years, these rainfalls have induced instabilities that lead to significant human and economic loss. To reduce the expected disastrous impacts due to rainfall-induced slope failure characterization of residual soil is necessary for evaluation of slope stability assessment. Therefore, this study aims to characterize the residual soil for numerical modelling of rainfall-induced slope failure and preliminary slope stability assessment so that future slope failure can be reduced. A series of experiments involving index properties tests and engineering properties tests were carried out on the residual soil samples collected from a slope located in UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia (UTM). Based on the particle size distribution and consistency the soil can be classified as high plasticity silt (MH). The maximum dry unit weight and optimum moisture content are 13.17kN/m3 and 30 %, respectively. Saturated hydraulic conductivity from the falling head test is 2.32055E-07 m/s, while the saturated gravimetric water content was 54%. The effective cohesion and angle of the internal fraction were 8 kPa and 32°, respectively. The average undrained shear strength and unconfined compressive strength were 105 kPa and 43 kPa, respectively. The result obtained in this study was utilized for the preliminary rainfall slope stability assessment in tropical residual soils by simulating rainfall of different intensities and duration on a typical slope profile using PLAXIS 2d. The results show that due to the low hydraulic conductivity and fine-grained nature of the soil, the slopes in the study area are more critical to the low intensity and long duration rainfall events (I≤4Ks). The highly intense and short-duration rainfall (I≥8Ks) has no significant effect on the safety of the soil, as most of the precipitation will contribute to runoff, and only a minor amount of water will infiltrate into the slope.

The effects of cement type and expanded vermiculite powder on the thermo- mechanical characteristics and durability of lightweight mortars at high temperature and RSM modelling

The results of the impact of cement type and expanded vermiculite powder (EVP) on the thermal, mechanical characteristics and durability of lightweight mortars at high temperature and RSM modelling are presented in the paper. The lightweight mortars were fabricated by replacing fine aggregate with EVP in certain proportions. In the production of the mixtures, two different cement types namely, Portland cement (PC) and calcium aluminate cement (CAC) were used as binders and fine aggregates were replaced with EVP at the rates of 0%, 15%, 30% and 45%. The microstructure, thermal, mechanical properties and durability of PC and CAC mortars produced in this way were determined after standard curing for 28 days at temperatures ranging from 20 °C to 900 °C. Mechanical performance of mortar mixtures was evaluated based on compressive, flexural strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV). The durability of the specimens was also determined using porosity, water absorption and dry unit weight. Thermal conductivity and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations of 28-day mortar specimens were also evaluated. The response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted to develop the relation between parameters and response for thermal conductivity. The test results reported that lightweight refractory and insulating mortar can be manufactured by combined use of CAC and EVP when considered strength and durability and thermal performance after high-temperature exposure. Test results also pointed out that the combined use of CAC and EVP gained significant high-temperature resistance performance in terms of compressive strength as compared to PC blended mortar specimens.

Relationship Between Compressive Strength and Splitting Tensile Strength of Palm Kernel Shell Concrete

The use of palm kernel shell (PKS) has gained acceptance in the production of concrete. Compressive strength is the mostly used strength characteristics of concrete. The compressive strength CS of concrete should provide a good basis for predicting the splitting tensile strength STS. The aim of this study is to establish a mathematical relationship between the CS and STS of concrete produced with PKS. In this study, coarse aggregates was fully replaced with PKS at varying water-cement ratios (w/c) for concrete mix ratios 1:1½:3 and 1:2:4. Unit weigth of the PKS, slump, compressive and splitting tesnsile strength were determined. A relationship between CS and STS was developed for the different w/c ratios using exponential function aproximation. Physical property tests carried out on the PKS characterized it as lightweight aggregate with saturated surface dry unit weight of 1.27. The slump revealed that PKS concrete at 0.3 and 0.4 w/c is stiff and not workable. CS and STS at 28day for mix ratio of 1:1½:3 at w/c of 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 were respectively 3.2 and 1.2; 9.4 and 2.1; 10.8 and 2.6; 9.0 and 2.4 N/mm2. The corresponding values obtained for mix ratio 1:2:4 were 3.0 and 1.0, 1.7 and 1.3, 4.5 and 1.6, 7.7 and 1.9N/mm2, respectively. Equations relating CS and STS at 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 w/c were established. It was concluded that PKS concrete produced with mix ratios 1:1½:3 and 1:2:4 performed better in compression and splitting tensile strength at w/c of 0.5 and 0.6.

Response of Piles Group embedded in Sandy Soil with Cavities to Seismic Loading

This research is looking at the impact of cavities on the group pile foundation settlement subjected to seismic loads in the dry sandy soil of dry unit weight 16 kN/m3. The finite element software (Plaxis 3D 2020) was used to represent the way of behaving of gypseous soil under the group of piles with cavity formation. The study included the presence of a single cavity, the group of cavities, and different diameters of the cavity in different locations. The horizontal distance from the centerline of the cavity to the centerline of the pile or group of piles is defined as (X), and the vertical distance from the bottom of the pile to the cavity centerline is defined as (Y). The variations in cavity locations, numbers, and diameters were all studied. The results showed that the impact of the earthquake (El Centro) of the settlement of pile group with cavity increased the settlement when the cavity was located near the edge of piles and that when the diameter of the cavity increased, the settlement has been increased for the same vertical distance of the cavity below the group piles and under the influence of the earthquake. The effect of cavity diminishes at a horizontal distance a cavity at horizontal depth (X = 4D).

Empirical Models to Predict Compaction Parameters for Soils in the State of Ceará, Northeastern Brazil

This work developed prediction models for maximum dry unit weight (γd,max) and optimum moisture content (OMC) for compacted soils in Ceará, Brazil, ba M Winnie the Pooh sed on index and physical properties. The methodology included data from soils used in the construction of 15 dams in Ceará, with available information regarding laboratory tests of interest. Correlations were developed using non-linear regression, from 169 laboratory results (83 for training and 86 for validating the models), which presented a R2 of 0,763 for MoPesm (prediction model for γd,max) and 0,761 for MoTuo (model for OMC). A posteriori, the same physical indexes used to train and validate MoPesm and MoTuo were used as inputs of other prediction models available in the literature, whose outputs differed considerably from laboratory results for the evaluated soils. MoPesm and MoTuo were able to satisfactorily predict compaction parameters, with outputs close to those obtained in the laboratory for tested soil samples. Their performance justifies their use for predicting compaction parameters in geotechnical structures that use compacted soils when there are financial restraints, short timeframes, or unavailability of test equipment, particularly in early design stages and preliminary studies, before appropriate soil sampling and field investigation can be conducted, thus saving substantial time and financial resources.

Effect of Adding Zeolitic Tuff on Geotechnical Properties of Lime-Stabilized Expansive Soil

This study aims to evaluate experimentally the potential of expansive soil stabilization using different additives: zeolitic tuff (ZT), lime, and a combination of lime and ZT. Four different percentages of ZT (10%, 20%, 25%, and 30%), three percentages of lime (2%, 4%, and 6%), and variable percentages of their combinations were used to stabilize the soil for pavement subbase application. Atterberg limits, pH, compaction, linear shrinkage, swelling, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests were performed on treated and untreated soil specimens at different curing times. Results showed that ZT additives effectively reduced the plasticity, linear shrinkage, and swell potential in addition to increase the maximum dry unit weight, UCS, and CBR. The results of this study were supported by a microstructural analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) associated with the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) technique. It was determined that the UCS and CBR values for the 4% lime stabilized soil increased by 22% and 70%, respectively, after the addition of 25% ZT. Based on evaluation of the results, an optimum mixture of 25% ZT and 4% lime stabilized soil can be used in pavement subbase applications as it achieved the minimum strength target.