Dry Port Research Articles

The co-evolution of seaports and dry ports in Shandong province in China under the Belt and Road Initiative

Nowadays, Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has been prosperous for a long time and brings plenty of opportunities to every aspect of China. As a coastal province with lots of port resources, Shandong province has implemented port integration, and there are some operation problems arising, too. In order to make the seaports and dry port reach their full potential, it is very crucial to explore the evolution trend of the ports, which can offer more chances for future development. Based on related theory, this article analyses the evolution of seaports and dry ports in Shandong Province, combined with the background of BRI. After showing the trend of port evolution, this paper points out the co-evolution mechanism of seaports and dry ports and describe a dry port-seaport logistics network in Shandong Province, which results from the mutual influence of seaports and dry ports. Finally, considering the influence of the BRI, this article points out that Shandong Province should take the inland cities as the basis and consider the various costs of the ports to fully take part in the Belt and Road Initiative, when constructing a logistics network.

Performance index of dry ports

Dry Ports (DPs) support seaports by expanding their handling capacity and throughput. The performance of DPs influences the operation of seaports as they serve as cargo consolidation points for containers that move to ports, freeing ports from congestion and delays. Evaluation of the Dry-Port-Seaport (DP-SP) system is essential for enabling the seaports to increase capacity, remain competitive, and allow shippers and logistics service providers to choose the right DP. Performance metrics for evaluating DPs are scanty in the literature. This paper proposes a Performance Index for Dry Ports (PIDP) to quantify their overall performance, identify critical areas requiring managerial attention, and draw the path of PIPD registered by a dry port over time. PIDP is a non-parametric method based on geometric aggregation, avoids scaling and weights, and is helpful for skewed data. It satisfies desired properties of a composite index, including the time-reversal test and formation of chain indices.

The development of multimodal transportation in Ukraine in the conditions of global trade transformations

The war of the russian federation against Ukraine has provoked the emergence of new challenges and threats to global security, including social and food-, energy-, and logistics-related ones, etc. Therefore, the geography, structure, and logistics of world trade have undergone significant changes and continue to transform in the face of today's challenges. Ukraine, being an important exporter of agricultural products located at the crossroads of the main trade routes Europe-Asia, must adapt to the new realities of the development of the international freight transportation market. Currently, the capacity of the Ukraine-EU border section does not meet modern needs and challenges due to insufficient capacity of transport systems, checkpoints, lack of rolling stock, storage and transshipment terminals, etc., both in Ukraine and in the EU. The development of multimodal transport in Ukraine, including the necessary infrastructure (intermodal terminals, container warehouses, etc.), and the expansion of the list of transport and logistics services are among the ways to solve this problem. The article analyzes the dynamics and structure of international and transit cargo transportation across the customs border of Ukraine in 2014 - 8 months of 2022. The main trends in the passage of vehicles through the Ukraine-EU customs border for January-August 2022 compared to the same period last year are given. Attention is focused on a significant increase in the load of road transport on the customs land border of Ukraine in 2022. Prospects for increasing freight traffic on the Ukraine-EU border in the short-term and long-term perspectives are assessed. The terminology of the study of multimodal transportation in Ukraine is clarified. The peculiarities of the operation of the largest container terminals of Ukraine are studied. Improvement of the state border crossing infrastructure, in particular in terms of increasing the throughput capacity of the Ukraine-EU customs border, should include optimization and stimulation of rail freight transportation, restoration and increase of production capacities for cargo handling of railway terminals, development of a network of intermodal and transshipment terminals, creation of border "dry ports" and cross-border logistics hubs with the introduction of joint control by the authorities of neighboring countries, and simplification of border crossing procedures for multimodal and contrail transportation.

Planiranje i razvoj održivih logističkih sistema na makro nivou

The realization of a series of logistics activities, as support for goods flows, can result in serious negative consequences on sustainability if they are not planned properly. Road transportation's dominant role in existing logistics systems has serious unsustainable effects on the society and environment. The only way in achieving regional sustainability of logistics systems is in the utilization of alternative transportation modes through the application of intermodal transportation (IT). The planning of IT systems is a complex task that consists of determining the appropriate structure of the network, identification of efficient IT terminal types, their number, location, and role in the system, defining connections between terminals, etc. All that is preceded by the selection of the system development scenario. This article indicates the significance of IT in achieving sustainability at a macro-level. The Dry Port (DP) concept is highlighted as an instrument of achieving sustainable IT system development. Six potentially sustainable development directions of IT systems through the concept of DP are defined and explained.

НАПРЯМИ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ МОРСЬКОЇ ТРАНСПОРТНОЇ ІНФРАСТРУКТУРИ УКРАЇНИ

The article summarizes the main directions for increasing the competitiveness of the maritime transport infrastructure of Ukraine, taking into account European integration. To improve the competitiveness of maritime transport infrastructure in Ukraine, it is necessary to identify and justify strategic directions for the modernization and restructuring of maritime transport infrastructure, with the help of investment and tax support, improve state regulation through the introduction of promising achievements of scientific and technological progress, technological and organizational innovations, promote the constancy of foreign economic interests of subjects of the maritime industry of Ukraine on the world stage. It was noted that for the effective implementation of foreign economic activity in the field of maritime transport infrastructure, first of all, to bring the institutional and legal support in line with the requirements of international standards. The next step to improve the competitiveness of maritime transport infrastructure is the introduction of «port-landlord» management modules, the formation of centers for the development of maritime transport infrastructure (clusters), as well as the implementation of the «dry ports» logistics technology. Also, an integral part of increasing the competitiveness of maritime transport infrastructure is the improvement of information logistics and an increase in the overall level of informatization of port activities. These include trade facilitation, with the help of the European customs information system NCTS (The New Computerized Transit System), the implementation of “the Maritime Single Window” and “SafeSeaNet” systems. Another key area for increasing the competitiveness of the maritime transport infrastructure is to ensure the environmental safety of the functioning of the maritime transport infrastructure. The proposed directions will ensure the constant, efficient, competitive, and stable development of Ukraine’s maritime transport infrastructure. The presented strategic directions for increasing the competitiveness of the maritime transport infrastructure of Ukraine will make it possible to get closer to European standards and ensure the adoption of effective administrative and managerial decisions. The implementation of the proposed directions will ensure an increase in the competitiveness of the maritime transport infrastructure of Ukraine, aimed at consistent integration into the European and world maritime transport markets.

The Dry Port: From a Distance to a Process Perspective

The Dry Port: From a Distance to a Process Perspective

Рельсовый каркас как основа для развития агломерационных проектов

The article continues a series of studies by the authors on urban public transport, its integration into urban spaces, and the formation of a friendly transport environment in agglomerations. Particular emphasis is placed on the rail frame as the basis for the development of modern agglomerations. For the construction of the rail frame, the boundaries of the urban agglomeration of Yekaterinburg are marked. The experience of Russian cities in the formation of rail frames and their influence on the change in the quality of life of the population is studied. The current transport situation in Yekaterinburg is analyzed, potential projects for integrating surface metro ring routes into it are considered. An integrated approach to the implementation of the Ground Metro and Dry Port projects is proposed. The role of the rail frame for the Great Ural Agglomeration project is shown.

Performance index of dry ports

Performance index of dry ports

Екатеринбург — главный сухой порт России

The article discusses a new project of the Sverdlovsk region, which includes the development of the Sverdlovsk Railway and organization of two transport and logistics centers within the Sverdlovsk hub, which together form the main dry port of Russia. The new TLCs will increase the volume of cargo transported from west to east and from east to west, as well as store and reload cargo from one mode of transport to another.

Dry Port Integrated Port Development with Microsimulation Method for Solving Port-City Conflict: A Case of Alsancak Port

Dry Port Integrated Port Development with Microsimulation Method for Solving Port-City Conflict: A Case of Alsancak Port

Сухой порт: концептуальный обзор

The article provides a review of the references related to the study of dry ports in order to structure the information on the main elements: concept, classification, functions, technologies. The results show that there is no consensus regarding the cataloging of ground nodal facilities. The increased interest in the genesis and development of dry ports is caused by integration of the land transport and logistics network with the maritime system in order to increase the efficiency of the functioning of international transport corridors in modern realities.

An Expert System for Weapon Identification and Categorization Using Machine Learning Technique to Retrieve Appropriate Response

In response to any terrorist attack on hospitals, airports, shopping malls, schools, universities, colleges, railway stations, passport offices, bus stands, dry ports and the other important private and public places, a proper plan will need to be developed effective response. In normal moments, security guards are deployed to prevent criminals from doing anything wrong. For example, someone is moving around with a weapon, and security guards are watching its movement through closed circuit television (CCTV). Meanwhile, they are trying to identify his weapon in order to plan an appropriate response to the weapon he has. The process of manually identifying weapons is man-made and slow, while the security situation is critical and needs to be accelerated. Therefore, an automated system is needed to detect and classify the weapon so that appropriate response can be planned quickly to ensure minimal damage. Subject to previous concerns, this study is based on the Convoluted Neural Network (CNN) model using datasets that are assembled on the YOLO and you only see once. Focusing on real-time weapons identification, we created a data collection of images of multiple local weapons from surveillance camera systems and YouTube videos. The solution uses parameters that describe the rules for data generation and problem interpretation. Then, using deep convolutional neural network models, an accuracy of 97.01% is achieved.

Liability Implications of the Rotterdam Rules for Indian Dry Ports

The carrier’s liability during the sea leg of transportation is quite unambiguous. However, the shipper’s concerns during the land leg remain yet to be adequately addressed. In India, the land leg of container transportation between gateway ports and dry ports is conducted by the road/rail transporters appointed by the carrier or the dry port operators. The inland transportation of containers, however, is governed by different legal instruments, the provisions of which are not congruent, especially with regard to the liabilities and responsibilities of the dry port operator against the carrier. Understanding such deficiency, this paper attempts to ascertain the implications of ratifying the Rotterdam Rules for India’s existing maritime law regime, especially those applicable to dry ports. We examine the maritime law regimes of different countries which are already signatories to the Rotterdam Rules and apply a similar reasoning in the Indian context. We conclude that one of the effects of ratification by India would be the reduction of ambiguities concerning the liabilities of dry port operators, being now considered a maritime performing party. Consequently, dry port operators would now be held responsible for container security and thus would be perforce to exercise due diligence in discharging its duties as a custodian of the cargoes in its charge. In addition to the efficiency gains that such development would bring about, it would be beneficial for the evolution of an appropriate container security policy for the Indian dry ports sector.

Risk management and market structures in seaport–dry port systems

As seaborne and inland transport hubs, seaports and dry ports are vulnerable to diversified risks, such as climate-change-related disasters and congestion in daily operations, owing to their special geographical locations and socioeconomic functions in seaborne supply chains. If appropriate investments are made before the risks occur, the probability and potential damage of such risks can be mitigated. We propose a two-stage game to simultaneously study the preventive and adaptive investments of seaport and dry port authorities on diversified risks in scenarios of vertical cooperation and horizontal competition. In addition, in the latter case, the asymmetry between seaports and dry ports, regarding their vulnerability to risks, is taken into account. Findings show that it is not always advisable to pursue close cooperation, as players in a horizontal relationship must consider not only their own vulnerabilities but also those of others when making investment decisions. Finally, we find that port authorities need to pay more attention to the free-riding problem in the process of preventive investments than in adaptive investments.

Evaluating the role of dry ports in the port-hinterland settings: Conceptual framework and the case of Vietnam

Analyzing the dry ports’ impacts on different stakeholders is imperative for assessing the feasibility of a dry port project and promoting the collaboration among such parties to optimize the supply chain between inland customers and seaports. This paper aims at developing a conceptual framework to evaluate the role of dry ports from multi-criteria and multi-stakeholder approaches. Based on an extensive literature review, a hierarchy of evaluation criteria was developed from the perspectives of three main stakeholder groups, i.e. dry port users, seaport-based players and community. Interviews were then carried out to verify the face validity of the initially proposed framework given the context of Vietnam, followed by a survey assessing the dry port’s contributions. The findings highlight the major role of dry port users in driving the success of a dry port, while also recognizes significant roles of seaport-based players and the community. The study provides insights into how different stakeholder groups might value the contribution of dry ports and demonstrates that dry port characteristics have apparent impacts on their role as perceived by each group. Finally, this research points out the current issues of the Vietnamese dry port system and provides recommendations and managerial implications accordingly.

Value-Added Services at Dry Ports: Balancing the Perspectives of Different Stakeholders

Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate which dry port services generate the greatest positive impact on stakeholders and their objectives. Stakeholders identified from the literature are the dry ports, the dry port’s municipality/region, the seaport, shippers, shipping lines, rail operators, and road operators. A method based on multi-actor multi-criteria analysis is applied to allow the evaluation of different scenarios considering the objectives and opinions of multiple stakeholders. The findings show that the basic services of the dry ports studied are crucial to establishing initial operations. Expanding the service portfolio by adding a wider range of customer-oriented value-added services generates extra economic and environmental benefits for stakeholders. The results expand the understanding on stakeholder benefits from the diversified range of dry port services, while the inclusion of multiple stakeholders in the analysis acknowledges the heterogeneity in stakeholder perceptions. Finally, this methodology enables the creation of an extensive set of criteria and indicators for dry port evaluations.

Эволюция технологий таможенной логистики на евразийском экономическом пространстве

A retrospective study of the evolution of customs logistics technologies in the Eurasian economic space is carried out, taking into account the stages of development of integration processes. The specific composition and features of the application of special simplifications and logistics technologies for customs declaration of goods in the single customs territory of the Eurasian Economic Union are determined. The innovations of the institute of authorized economic operators in the Eurasian Economic Union are studied, their subject composition is characterized and the peculiarities of performing logistics operations in international supply chains are considered. Promising directions for the development of customs logistics technologies are being established, taking into account the digitalization of customs operations, the organization of customs control, and the transformation of the institute of authorized economic operators. The logistics technologies of customs declaration are identified (preliminary informing, preliminary customs declaration of goods, submission of an incomplete customs declaration, periodic customs declaration, release of goods before filing a customs declaration, temporary periodic customs declaration of goods, declaration of goods in unassembled or disassembled form, “remote release”, “dry port”, “remote payment of customs payments”). The technologies of customs logistics are highlighted, which can be used only by authorized economic operators-participants in foreign economic activity and / or logistics operators that meet the requirements for inclusion in the Register of Authorized Economic Operators. It is concluded that in the process of the evolutionary development of customs logistics in the Eurasian economic space, a new institute of logistics intermediaries is being formed.

Reconnoitering the contributions of dry ports on the regional development in Malaysia

ABSTRACT Changes in supply chain are critical for Malaysia's inclusion in the competitiveness in this era of globalisation. One of the prevalent infrastructure developments is the addition of dry ports in remote areas, targeted to enhance the hubs and connection with significant seaports worldwide. However, the regional development especially on the east-coast of Peninsular Malaysia is trailing behind in terms of quality infrastructure, employability, job growth and quality of life. Economic development must be balanced on both the east-coast and west-coast to ensure this region progresses in the right direction towards economic equality. Therefore, this paper attempts to analyse the potential contributions of enhancing regional development in Peninsular Malaysia. A comprehensive assessment of the existing literature on Malaysian dry ports developments and components concerning the regional development has been conducted. The nexus between dry ports and regional development is then illustrated in a conceptual framework. The framework indicates that dry ports provide long-term and short-term benefits from the regional development perspective. In the short run, dry ports enhance seaport accessibility, boost production volume, increase the employment rate, and attract more investment. These findings will become the benchmark for future research and significant policy-making approaches to enhance regional development in Malaysia.

Dry Port Network Model: Best Practices In The Eu With Notes From The Usa

The modern distribution of goods is highly complex, as it supports a closely linked globalized world. In the development of port terminals, competition is no longer only at the level of services. The increase in maritime transport and demand/supply in the hinterlands, with ensuing problems of capacity, distribution and movement, have called for renewed attention on adequate structures and infrastructures. This evolution, enabled by technology, commercial interests and public policies, can be considered as a stage in the ongoing development of containerization and intermodal transport. At this stage, it is important to consider port terminals and maritime navigation networks as a system, together with terrestrial goods transport. Increasingly, regions are developing so-called dry or inland ports, to better serve the demand. We set out to define a sustainable model for dry ports, beginning with a review of relevant literature focused on Italian, Dutch and selected USA examples. We first define dry port, in the context of intermodal transport, ports in general and inland ports. Our investigation led to the identification of management tools and best practices. We report on visits and interviews to selected inland ports and identify key dry port activities, applications of innovative technologies and implications for different modes of transport. For the three countries studied, we identify strengths and weaknesses related to infrastructure, structures, internal organization of yard, types of imported and exported goods, transport methods and related travel times and costs. In regards to resilience and sustainability, vulnerabilities such as congestion, climate issues and cyber-attacks are considered. Finally, a maturity model for assessing dry ports is proposed.

Determining Optimal Dry Port Location for Seaport Rijeka Using AHP Decision-Making Methodology

Seaport Rijeka is located and connected to the strategic EU TEN-T transport routes (Mediterranean and Baltic–Adriatic Corridor). Seaport Rijeka represents the shortest connection between Central and Central-Eastern Europe, and overseas destinations, by land and sea, and is in an excellent position to take advantage of its location. Being the largest and busiest seaport in Croatia, with constant increase in cargo traffic, especially container traffic, with inadequate and incomplete transport infrastructure that creates congestion, Seaport Rijeka will soon reach its capacity limits. One of the possible solutions that would satisfy the increasing demand and mitigate existing problems is establishing a dry port. Establishing a dry port serving Seaport Rijeka on the EU transport routes would greatly contribute to the strategic and operational plans of the EU and Croatia. The focus of this paper is to determine the optimal dry port location for Seaport Rijeka. The AHP methodology was used to determine the optimal dry port location of the Seaport Rijeka, by analyzing a large set of influential factors. The analysis was performed for three groups of possible dry port locations (close, medium distance and distant). Results suggest that optimal dry port locations for Seaport Rijeka are in Miklavlje, Velika Gorica and Vinkovci.