Orthotrichum holmenii Lewinsky-Haapasaari sp. n. from Kazakhstan is described. It belongs to subg. Pulchella (Schimp.) Vitt sect. Pulchella Schimp. and is closely related to O. consimile, O. pulchellum and O. scanicumfrom which it differs in the presence of strongly papillose endostome segments, branched leaf papillae, sometimes bent dry capsules, and presence of simple or branched gemmae. It is an epiphyte growing intermixed with other Orthotrichum species. Orthotrichum hallii is reported for the second time from Asia from two localities in Kazakhstan. ORTHOTRICHUM HOLMENII Lewinsky-Haapasaari sp. nov. (FIG. 1-2) Species subgeneris Pulchellae (Schimp.) Vitt, sectionis Pulchellae Schimp., 0. consimili Mitt., O. pulchello Brunt., 0. scanico Groenv. affinis, segmentis endostomii crasse papillosis, papillis foliorum ramificatis, capsulis siccis interdum ad latus deflexis, gemmis multiformibus, interdum ramificatis in foliis formatis ad omnibus diversa. Plants small, 0.6-0.8 cm tall, scattered among other species of Orthotrichum, yellowish green to olive-green above, dark green, brownish or black below. Stems dichotomously branched. Leaves somewhat flexuose and twisted when dry, erect-open when moist, 2.8-3.4 mm long, 0.6-0.8 mm wide; ovate-lanceolate, sometimes carinate; apices acuminate to acute, sometimes rounded acute; costae strong, ending shortly below apices; margins entire or slightly crenulate near leaf apices from protruding papillae, recurved to revolute from a short distance above bases to shortly below apices; basal cells elongate, rectangular, with thin or thick, sometimes nodulose walls, 19-48 x 7-11 tm, with several rows of short rectangular to quadrate cells towards margins, smooth; upper leaf cells irregular, almost isodiametric or somewhat elongate, with thick or moderately thick walls, 8-24 x 8-13 tm, papillose with tall, branched or simple papillae. Septate cylindric to filamentous, sometimes branched, green or brownish gemmae sometimes abundant. Goniautoicous, with antheridia just below the perichaetia. Sporophytes emergent to just exserted, sometimes bent to the side when old. Setae 0.8-1.0 mm; vaginulae naked; ochreae present. Capsules oblongcylindric or ovoid, 1.8-2.0 mm long, with 8 deep furrows extending all the way down dry capsules; mouths not or slightly constricted when dry; transition between urns and setae gradual in dry capsules; exothecial cells differentiated into 8, 3 cells wide striae in upper halves of capsules; stomata cryptopore, almost free or half-covered by differentiated subsidiary cells, present in 2 rows in central and lower parts of capsules. Peristome double; prostome not observed; exostome of 8 pairs of teeth mostly splitting to 16 when old, reflexed or reflexedspreading when dry, yellowish to orange throughout or with hyaline apices, on outside finely and somewhat openly papillose near bases, more roughly and densely so near apices, on inside with open ornamentation of finely papillose, vertical lines near bases; endostomes of 16 segments united at bases by 2-4 cells high connecting membranes, almost as tall as teeth, orange, yellowish or hyaline, unior biseriate near bases, uniseriate above, strongly papillose, incurved when dry. Opercula slightly convex, with short straight beak, below with a bright red border. Calyptrae campanulate, yellowish with dark brown apices, with 8 sharp plicae, naked, smooth. Spores papillose-rugose, 13-20 tm. 0007-2745/96/1-5$0.65/0 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.132 on Thu, 15 Sep 2016 04:44:17 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 2 THE BRYOLOGIST [VOL. 99