Monitoring Of Drug Release Research Articles

Reliable Kinetics for Drug Delivery with a Microfluidic Device Integrated with the Dialysis Bag.

The clinical success of a drug delivery system turns back to performing experiments with more reliable data. The dialysis bag has been one of the most employed technologies to monitor drug release from nanocarriers, membranes, and scaffolds. Unfortunately, this technology has several challenges regarding the accuracy of the obtained results. In this study, the development of a new system by integrating a microfluidic device and dialysis bag named "MF-dialysis" was carried out to evaluate the accuracy of the reported data. The release study was performed focusing on two drug delivery systems: (i) nanocarrier: Artemisia Absinthium extract-loaded soy protein isolate nanoparticle and (ii) sodium alginate film loaded with the nanocarrier. The obtained nanocarrier was analyzed by SEM, DLS, and zeta potential. The final experimental data were modeled using SigmaPlot software. Based on the results, two distinct but fitted models for the dialysis bag (power model, R2 = 0.99) and MF-dialysis (exponential model, R2 = 0.95) were obtained. MF-dialysis approved that after a while, NPs and films showed more drug release compared to the dialysis bag. To sum up, the MF-dialysis system can be a good candidate for a quick and more reliable study of drug delivery systems.

A DNA-based nanodevice for near-infrared light-controlled drug release and bioimaging

DNA-based nanostructures have shown curative potential in drug delivery and anti-tumor therapy. However, the applications of such systems are limited by the lack of precise control over the space and duration of drug release. Here, we report a near-infrared (NIR) light-guided DNA nanodevice that enables controlled drug release for precise tumor imaging and therapy. The DNA nanodevice is constructed by engineering GC-rich DNA duplexes with an ultraviolet (UV) light labile moiety and further modification onto the surface of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs). The chemotherapeutic drug (doxorubicin, Dox) is intercalated into the GC motif of DNA duplexes, where the fluorescence signal of Dox is markedly quenched. Upon NIR light irradiation, the UCNPs acting as energy transducers emit UV light that can break the photolabile moiety in DNA duplexes, resulting in the controlled release of Dox and recovery of their fluorescence signal. We present that this DNA nanodevice is not only able to selectively induce tumor cells apoptosis via NIR light-mediated activation, but also enables in situ imaging and monitoring of drug release. Therefore, this modular strategy opens a window for remotely controlled drug delivery.

A biodegradable injectable fluorescent polyurethane-oxidized dextran hydrogel for non-invasive monitoring.

Hydrogels have been extensively used in the field of biomedical engineering. In order to achieve non-invasive and real-time visualization of the in vivo status of hydrogels, we designed a fluorescent polyurethane-oxidized dextran (PU-OD) hydrogel with good injectability and self-healing properties, which was cross-linked from a tetraphenyl ethylene (TPE)-containing fluorescent polyurethane emulsion with oxidized dextran by dynamic acylhydrazone bonds. The hydrogel can be used as a visual platform for drug delivery as well as monitoring its own degradation. The network structure of the hydrogel gave it drug-loading capability, and the acylhydrazone bond enabled its pH-responsive drug release. Meanwhile, the PU-OD hydrogel could undergo fluorescence resonance transfer with doxorubicin hydrochloride, showing its potential application in monitoring drug release. In addition, fluorometric and weighing methods were performed to monitor the degradation behavior of the hydrogels in vivo and in vitro, respectively, showing that the non-invasive fluorometric method can be consistent with the invasive weighing method. This work highlights that the introduction of aggregation-induced emission molecules into polyurethanes provides a visual platform that allows for non-invasive monitoring of the material without affecting its own function, which is convenient and less damaging to the body or animals. Consequently, it possesses excellent and promising potential in biomedical materials technologies.

Programmable site-specific delivery of an alkaline phosphatase-activatable prodrug and a mitochondria-targeted cyclopeptide for combination therapy in colon cancer.

The design of advanced carriers that enable time- or stimulus-programmed drug release holds great promise to enhance the treatment efficacy in tumors. Here, hyaluronic acid (HA)-coated liposomes were designed to efficiently deliver multi-organelle-targeted and ALP/GSH dual-responsive prodrugs for combination therapy on colon tumors. In this system (designated CPTP/RA-HALipo), the unique natural cyclopeptide RA-V was linked covalently to a near-infrared (NIR) fluorophore through a disulfide linker, which was subsequently loaded in the cationic liposome core of CPTP/RA-HALipo, while the ALP-activatable phosphate CPT (CPTP) was encapsulated in the HA shell. In the tumor microenvironment, the HA shell of CPTP/RA-HALipo was partially degraded by HAase, thereby allowing the release of CPTP. The released phosphate prodrug CPTP was activated through hydrolysis of the phosphate esters by brush border-associated enzymes. The cationic liposome coated with the remaining HA could selectively enter CD44 overexpressed cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis into the lysosome, in which the acidic microenvironment degraded the liposomes to release the mitochondria-targeted theranostic agent RA-S-S-Cy. More significantly, the GSH-activatable NIR fluorescence of Cy5.5 made it possible to realize in vivo and in situ dynamic monitoring of drug release in a noninvasive manner. The organelle-specific and multi-stimuli responsive nanoparticles have shown precise control over drug delivery and release, leading to superior in vitro and/or in vivo anti-cancer efficacy. This approach represents a novel interactive drug delivery system that can synergistically differentiate the extracellular, cell membranal and intracellular targets to promote spatial and temporal control of drug release.

Rare earth fluorescent nanoprobes with minimal side effects enable tumor microenvironment activation for chemotherapy

Chemotherapy, the use of antitumor drugs to kill cancer cells, is currently one of the most effective treatments for cancer. However, serious toxic side effects caused by long-term drug accumulation can cause significant damage to the body, which limits the clinical application of antitumor drugs. In this study, a novel RENPs@DOX-Fe nanoprobe (NP) was constructed by coating the surface of rare earth nanomaterials (NaLuF4:Yb,Er) with a complex formed by doxorubicin (DOX) and iron ion (III). Due to the low toxicity of anthracycline-metal complexes, the damage to normal cells is reduced. The unique acidic microenvironment in tumor cells facilitates the decomposition and gradual release of DOX from the DOX–Fe complex. In addition, the DOX–Fe complex can convert near-infrared (NIR) light into heat energy, which promotes the decomposition of the complex, further enhancing the release of DOX in the tumor environment. The change of ratio fluorescence of rare earth nanomaterials at 660 and 1550 nm after DOX release enables visual monitoring of drug release, which can potentially improve the chemotherapeutic effect. In vitro experiments established that RENPs@DOX-Fe NPs with NIR illumination had good therapeutic efficacy in tumors. This work provides new insights into designing tumor microenvironment-responsive nanoprobes for chemotherapy with minimal side effects.

Supramolecular Loading of DNA Hydrogels with Dye-Drug Conjugates for Real-Time Photoacoustic Monitoring of Chemotherapy.

A longstanding problem with conventional cancer therapy is the nonspecific distribution of chemotherapeutics. Monitoring drug release in vivo via noninvasive bioimaging can thus have value, but it is difficult to distinguish loaded from released drug in live tissue. Here, this work describes an injectable supramolecular hydrogel that allows slow and trackable release of doxorubicin (Dox) via photoacoustic (PA) tomography. Doxis covalently linked with photoacoustic methylene blue (MB) to monitor Doxbefore, during, and after release from the hydrogel carrier. The conjugate (MB-Dox) possesses an IC50 of 161.4× 10-9 m against human ovarian carcinoma (SKOV3) cells and loads into a DNA-clad hydrogel with 91.3% loading efficiency due to MB-Dox's inherent intramolecular affinity to DNA. The hydrogel is biodegradable by nuclease digestion, which causes gradual release of MB-Dox. This release rate is tunable based on the wt% of the hydrogel. This hydrogel maintains distinct PA contrast on the order of days when injected in vivo and demonstrates activatable PA spectral shifts during hydrogel degradation. The released and loaded payload can be imaged relative to live tissue via PA and ultrasound signal being overlaid in real-time. The hydrogel slowed the rate of the murine intraperitoneal tumor growth 72.2% more than free Dox.

Nitrogen Mustard Based 2-Benzylidene-1-tetralone as ICT-Based Fluorescent Probe for Drug Release Monitoring and Cervical Cancer Therapy

Nitrogen Mustard Based 2-Benzylidene-1-tetralone as ICT-Based Fluorescent Probe for Drug Release Monitoring and Cervical Cancer Therapy

Monitoring of Drug Release via Intra Body Communication with an Edible Pill

AbstractOral drug administration provides a convenient and patient‐compliant way for drug delivery, especially for chronic diseases and prolonged pharmacological treatments. However, due to the repetitiveness of such therapeutic approach, the patients are led to neglect/forget the therapy affecting the healthcare delivery. Indeed, the non‐adherence to pharmacological prescriptions and the unknown amount of real‐time drug release result in a non‐compliant therapeutic drug level over the protracted therapies. The proposed technology will enable the monitoring of both pharmacological adherence and real‐time drug release. The approach exploits a passive intrabody communication (IBC) activation in order to enable an edible pill, realized starting from food additives and food‐grade materials, to monitor pharmacological adherence. Following activation, the signal is modulated by IBC coupling switching triggered by pill degradation in a gastrointestinal tract, resulting in a monitored drug release. The proof‐of‐concept is designed for a targeted release and monitoring of Metformin in the intestine. The system shows an in vitro limit of cumulative drug release detection of 18 µg mL−1 and a limit of real‐time drug release detection of 2 µg mL−1 min−1. This platform represents the first solution to monitor passive drug release in real‐time, from intake to complete absorption, enabling unique and long‐sought healthcare therapy and treatment opportunity.

A Hoechst Reporter Enables Visualization of Drug Engagement In Vitro and In Vivo: Toward Safe and Effective Nanodrug Delivery.

Assessment of drug activation and subsequent interaction with targets in living tissues could guide nanomedicine design, but technologies enabling insight into how a drug reaches and binds its target are limited. We show that a Hoechst-based reporter system can monitor drug release and engagement from a nanoparticle delivery system in vitro and in vivo, elucidating differences in target-bound drug distribution related to drug-linker and nanoparticle properties. Drug engagement is defined as chemical detachment of drug or reporter from a nanoparticle and subsequent binding to a subcellular target, which in the case of Hoechst results in a fluorescence signal. Hoechst-based nanoreporters for drug activation contain prodrug elements such as dipeptide linkers, conjugation handles, and nanoparticle modifications such as targeting ligands to determine how nanomedicine design affects distribution of drug engaged with a subcellular target, which is tracked via cellular nuclear fluorescence in situ. Furthermore, the nanoplatform is amenable toward common maleimide-based linkers found in many prodrug-based delivery systems including polymer-, peptide-, and antibody-drug conjugates. Findings from the Hoechst reporter system were applied to develop highly potent, targeted, anticancer micelle nanoparticles delivering a monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) prodrug comprising the same linkers employed in Hoechst studies. MMAE nanomedicine with the optimal drug-linker resulted in effective tumor growth inhibition in mice without associated acute toxicity, whereas the nonoptimal linker that showed broader drug activation in Hoechst reporter studies resulted in severe toxicity. Our results demonstrate the potential to synergize direct visualization of drug engagement with nanomedicine drug-linker design to optimize safety and efficacy.

Preparation, Structural Characterization of Anti-Cancer Drugs-Mediated Self-Assembly from the Pluronic Copolymers through Synchrotron SAXS Investigation.

Chemotherapy drugs are mainly administered via intravenous injection or oral administration in a very a high dosage. If there is a targeted drug vehicle which can be deployed on the tumor, the medical treatment is specific and precise. Binary mixing of biocompatible Pluronic® F127 and Pluronic® L121 was used in this study for a drug carrier of pluronic biomedical hydrogels (PBHs). Based on the same PBH ingredients, the addition of fluorouracil (5-FU) was separated in three ways when it was incorporated with pluronics: F127-L121-(5-FU), F127-(5-FU), and L121-(5-FU). Small angle X-ray scattering experiments were performed to uncover the self-assembled structures of the PBHs. Meanwhile, the expected micelle and lamellar structural changes affected by the distribution of 5-FU were discussed with respect to the corresponding drug release monitoring. PBH-all with the mixing method of F127-L121-(5-FU) has the fastest drug release rate owing to the undulated amphiphilic boundary. In contrast, PBH-2 with the mixing method of L121-(5-FU) has a prolonged drug release rate at 67% for one month of the continuous drug release experiment because the flat lamellar amphiphilic boundary of PBH-2 drags the migration of 5-FU from the hydrophobic core. Therefore, the PBHs developed in the study possess great potential for targeted delivery and successfully served as a microenvironment model to elucidate the diffusion pathway of 5-FU.

A Multifunctional Nanoplatform Based on Graphene Quantum Dots‐Cobalt Ferrite for Monitoring of Drug Delivery and Fluorescence/Magnetic Resonance Bimodal Cellular Imaging

A novel multifunctional nanoplatform based on graphene quantum dots (GQDs)‐cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) is demonstrated for monitoring of the drug delivery and fluorescence/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) bimodal cellular imaging. The nanoplatform is fabricated by assembling the GQDs onto the surface of magnetic CoFe2O4@SiO2 (CFO@SiO2) via covalent binding, subsequently conjugated with folic acid (FA). Then anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) is loaded on the GQD‐CFO/SiO2/FA with a capacity of 65.4 wt%. The DOX/GQD‐CFO@SiO2/FA can be used for monitoring of drug release by detecting the Förster resonant energy transfer (FRET) signals, with the GQDs serve as the drug carrier and the donor in FRET model. Herein, the monitoring of drug delivery is explored via the corresponding changes in FRET. The reduced brightness of T2‐weighted MRI images indicates the potential of GQD‐CFO@SiO2/FA to be applied as the negative contrast agent. The fluorescence/MRI bimodal cellular imaging can facilitate the transportation of drug delivery. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity assay confirms the desirable biocompatibility of GQD‐CFO@SiO2/FA nanoplatform, and DOX/GQD‐CFO@SiO2/FA exhibits notable cytotoxicity to HeLa cells. These results demonstrate the significantly increased therapeutic efficiency of this nanoplatform. Thus, the novel GQD‐CFO@SiO2/FA can be a promising multifunctional nanoplatform with monitoring of drug delivery and fluorescence/MRI bimodal cellular imaging.

Methacrylate-Modified Gold Nanoparticles Enable Non-Invasive Monitoring of Photocrosslinked Hydrogel Scaffolds.

Photocrosslinked hydrogels, such as methacrylate-modified gelatin (gelMA) and hyaluronic acid (HAMA), are widely utilized as tissue engineering scaffolds and/or drug delivery vehicles, but lack a suitable means for non-invasive, longitudinal monitoring of surgical placement, biodegradation, and drug release. Therefore, we developed a novel photopolymerizable X-ray contrast agent, methacrylate-modified gold nanoparticles (AuMA NPs), to enable covalent-linking to methacrylate-modified hydrogels (gelMA and HAMA) in one-step during photocrosslinking and non-invasive monitoring by X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Hydrogels exhibited a linear increase in X-ray attenuation with increased Au NP concentration to enable quantitative imaging by contrast-enhanced micro-CT. The enzymatic and hydrolytic degradation kinetics of gelMA-Au NP hydrogels were longitudinally monitored by micro-CT for up to one month in vitro, yielding results that were consistent with concurrent measurements by optical spectroscopy and gravimetric analysis. Importantly, AuMA NPs did not disrupt the hydrogel network, rheology, mechanical properties, and hydrolytic stability compared with gelMA alone. GelMA-Au NP hydrogels were thus able to be bioprinted into well-defined three-dimensional architectures supporting endothelial cell viability and growth. Overall, AuMA NPs enabled the preparation of both conventional photopolymerized hydrogels and bioprinted scaffolds with tunable X-ray contrast for noninvasive, longitudinal monitoring of placement, degradation, and NP release by micro-CT.

A novel MMP-responsive nanoplatform with transformable magnetic resonance property for quantitative tumor bioimaging and synergetic chemo-photothermal therapy

Quantifying bio-targeted markers in the tumor microenvironment through non-invasive approaches remains challenging. In this study, a novel matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) responsive nanoplatform (PMP@USPIO/DOX, PMPSD) with transformable magnetic resonance property is designed for quantitative tumor bioimaging and synergetic chemo-photothermal therapy. The nanoplatform acts as a T2 contrast agent in physiological conditions due to the ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) aggregation state, whereas in the tumor microenvironment, the nanoclusters are dissociated by MMP9, thus transforming the nanoplatform into a T1 contrast agent. T1&T2 weighted image and T1&T2 maps are utilized to quantitatively study the correlation between MRI signal changes and MMP9 concentrations and to evaluate MMP9 activity. In addition, the PMP@USPIO/DOX nanoplatform possesses excellent photothermal properties. PMPSD combined with laser irradiation is more effective than single chemo-/photothermal therapy, and up-regulation of the MMP9 level in the tumor can further improve the therapeutic effect. The nanoplatform is of great significance in evaluating disease prognosis and non-invasive monitoring of drug release. The concept reported here provides a creative idea for the non-invasive quantitative study of the tumor microenvironment.

Multifunctional Inverse Opal Microneedle Arrays for Drug Delivery and Monitoring.

Microneedle arrays (MNs) have a demonstrated value in transdermal drug delivery systems. Attempts to this technology focus on the generation of functional MNs to achieve intelligent drug delivery. Here, multifunctional inverse opal microneedle (IOMN) arrays with the abilities are reported to load various drugs and monitor drug release. The IOMNs are generated by using poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) to replicate hierarchical structure templates that are composed of self-assembled silica colloidal nanoparticles in the inverted cone structure wells. Because of their interconnected porous structures, different actives, or drugs can be loaded into the IOMNs without organic solvents and chemical polymerization. It is demonstrated that when these drugs loaded IOMNs pierce the skin at position of interest and for slow release, the average refractive index of the IOMNs decreases with the release process, resulting in a corresponding blueshift of their characteristic spectrum. Thus, by measuring the wavelength shift value of the IOMNs, the amount of releaseddrugs can be monitored, providing essential guidance for efficient clinical treatment. These features indicate that the IOMNs are valuable smart drug delivery systems in personalized therapy.

Ship-in-a-bottle growth of NaYF4: Yb3+/Tm3+ upconversion nanocrystals in desilicated ZSM-5 zeolite for drug release monitoring

Enabling the drug delivery systems with drug release monitoring function is of essential importance to enhance therapeutic effectiveness. Herein, we took a ship-in-a-bottle synthesis strategy to construct the upconversion nanocrystal and zeolite compounded drug delivery system with real-time monitoring function, by using desilicated ZSM-5 zeolite as drug carrier and NaYF4: Yb3+/Tm3+ nanocrystal as luminescent probe. Benefiting from the enlarged mesoporous in desilicated ZSM-5, the NaYF4: Yb3+/Tm3+ nanocrystals can be successfully loaded inside and the upconversion emission intensity of Tm3+ under 980 nm excitation was one order of magnitude enhanced after mild heat treatment. The drug release monitoring function were studied by using doxorubicin as model drug, the experimental results indicated that the upconversion emission intensity ratio of I802nm/I475nm can accurately evaluate drug release percentage. Further in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation suggested the doxorubicin-loaded UCNC@ZSM-5/DS/HT has excellent biocompatibility and is able to inhibit tumor cells effectively.

Bioinspired core-shell silica nanoparticles monitoring extra- and intra-cellular drug release

Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) has been widely used for monitoring drug release from nanoparticles (NPs). To understand the drug release from bioinspired drug-core silica-shell NPs, we synthesised two types of NPs using the dual-functional peptide SurSi via biosilicification for the first time, i.e., silica NP conjugated with FRET (Cy3 and Cy5) molecules, and FRET-core (DiO and DiI) silica-shell NP with different shell thicknesses (18 and 41 nm). The release kinetics of these two types of NPs were investigated under different conditions, including fetal bovine serum (FBS) and in cells, to mimic the drug release during blood circulation and intracellularly. Two different drug release mechanisms were identified. Cargo diffusion dominated the release during circulation, while the degradation of silica shell played a key role in drug release intracellularly.

Oxidation-Responsive Micelles for Drug Release Monitoring and Bioimaging of Inflammation Based on FRET Effect in vitro and in vivo.

PurposeA new approach to monitor drug release and image inflammatory reactions in vitro and in vivo based on FRET mechanism was reported.MethodsIn this study, mixed micelles containing a synthesized fluorescent donor DAN-PPS-mPEG and its quencher DAB-PPS-mPEG were prepared. Their stabilities, self-assembling and oxidation-responsiveness towards oxidants were tested in vitro and in vivo.ResultsThe conjugated polymers were synthesized and the morphological change and the fluorescent spectra of the prepared micellar system were measured. After incubating the DAN/DAB-PPS-mPEG mixed micelles with stimulated L929 fibroblast cells, the result of confocal laser microscopy showed fluorescence restoration of the micelles. Furthermore, an acute inflammatory injury mouse model was used to test the micelles in vivo. The micelles showed its ability to visualize the inflammatory site in the abdomen of the mice.ConclusionThe results confirmed that DAN/DAB-PPS-mPEG mixed micelles can respond to oxidants and release encapsulated cargos with corresponding fluorescence restoration, and visualize the inflammatory cells in vitro and inflammatory reactions in vivo.

Sulfur nanoparticle-encapsulated MOF and boron nanosheet-ferrocene complex modified electrode platform for ratiometric electrochemical sensing of adriamycin and real-time monitoring of drug release

This work developed a modified electrode platform for dual-channel applications in ratiometric electrochemical sensing and real-time monitoring of drug release. In the presence of cobalt ions and sulfur nanoparticles (SNPs), 2-methylimidazole was polymerized to form SNPs-encapsulated cobalt metal–organic framework (MOF), SNPs@MOF. Boron nanosheets (BNSs) were prepared through ultrasound-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation, followed by loading ferrocene (Fc) to form BNSs-Fc complex. A clean glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with Nafion on the surface, followed by drop-casting of BNSs-Fc and SNPs@MOF to construct a modified electrode platform, SNPs@ MOF/BNSs-Fc/GCE. The morphologies, microstructures, spectra and properties of products were characterized systematically. The platform was used as a new ratiometric electrochemical sensor to detect adriamycin (ADR), due to stable Fc signal output and content-dependent ADR signal output during the electrochemical redox process of Fc and ADR. Under optimal conditions, the sensor can perform effective detection of ADR in a broad range of 0.01–10 μM, with a low limit of detection of 2 nM. The sensor was verified to possess high detection selectivity, sensitivity and stability, and enabled successful detection of ADR in biological fluid samples, indicating potential reliability and practicability. Besides, the prepared BNSs-ADR carriers in electrolyte solution have the capability of spontaneous and pH-regulatable release of ADR. By means of the platform-based sensor, linear relationships of ADR/Fc redox-peak current ratio (or concentration of released ADR) versus release time were well constructed, which thus realized ratiometric electrochemical real-time monitoring of ADR release by the sensor.

Intracellular Self-Immolative Polyprodrug with Near-Infrared Light Guided Accumulation and in Vivo Visualization of Drug Release.

The selective accumulation and real-time monitoring of drug release at tumor site are the key bottlenecks to the clinical translation of polyprodrug. Herein, an intracellular self-immolative polyprodrug (PMTO) is exploited, which not only shows the enhanced cellular internalization and selective accumulation in tumor site under the mild hyperthermia triggered by laser irradiation, but also possesses the self-monitoring drug release ability in vivo. The polyprodrug amphiphiles are synthesized by sequential esterification reaction, and hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) serves as blocking agent. On account of the mild hyperthermia produced by PMTO under the laser irradiation at tumor site, the cell membranous permeability increases, resulting in the enhanced cellular internalization and drug accumulation in tumor. After internalized by cells, the self-immolative PMTO nanoparticles can release free mitoxantrone (MTO) in intracellular reductive environment, and ratiometric photoacoustic imaging based on distinct signals between MTO and PMTO is presented to trace the drug release in vivo. Finally, this self-monitoring polyprodrug presents significant tumor suppression efficacy, which exhibits great potential for guiding the clinical medication in cancer treatment.

A glycol nanomedicine via a metal-coordination supramolecular self-assembly strategy for drug release monitoring and chemo-chemodynamic therapy.

A glycol nanomedicine based on a metal-coordination supramolecular self-assembly strategy of GluCC (a copper complex of glucose modified coumarin derivative) and a chemotherapeutic agent of doxorubicin (DOX) was successfully developed. In vitro studies revealed that the nanomedicine achieved drug target delivery and release monitoring. The anti-cancer efficiency could be enhanced through synergistic therapy of chemotherapy (CT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT). It may gain important applications in drug tracking and CDT-combined cancer therapy.