Drug Captopril Research Articles

Study in vitro and in silico on effectiveness noni fruit extract (Morinda Citrifolia) to reducing hypertension

Hypertension is one of the major causes of stroke. Stroke can be prevented by controlling hypertension. Noni fruit proved to have antihypertensive effect. Noni Fruit contains scopoletin and xeronin compounds that play a role in antihypertensives. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of noni fruit extract to controlling hypertension. The research method used is pre-test and post-test matched control group. The 6 Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups consisting of 1 treatment group and 2 control groups. Group P1 was induced by using ketamine 0.05 ml + epinephrine 0.2 ml + 6 ml noni fruit extract, group K (-) induced by ketamine 0.05 ml + epinephrine 0.2 ml without extract, and group K (+) induced by using ketamine 0.05 ml + epinephrine 0.2 ml + captopril 2.5 mg. The results showed that epinephrine can be used as a hypertensive inducer. Noni fruit extract as much as 6ml can provide antihypertensive effects. In Vitro, test result showed that noni fruit extract can reduce blood pressure by an average decrease in blood pressure of 58,5 mmHg While captopril 25,5 mmHg. in addition to the in vitro test, the results of the in-silico test showed that the noni fruit extract can significantly reduce blood pressure compared to anti-hypertensive drugs (captopril). the value of scopoletin in noni fruit is -7.6. and captopril only -5.7.

Physiological and histological effect of Captopril on kidney and the protective role of Brassica nigra seed extract in male rats

The experiment was designed to determine the protective role of Brassica nigra seed extract on Kidney function and tissue against the negative effects induced by the drug Captopril (CPT25 and CPT50).
 In this experiment, 30 animals (Rats male) were used. Kidney efficiency was measured by measuring The level of urea and creatinine and level of Glutathion (GSH), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) in kidney tissue, as well as studying the histological effects of the drug Captopril (CPT25 and CPT50). against ،Kidney tissue and the protective role of Brassica nigra seed extract . The results showed that the treatment of animals with drug Captopril (CPT25 and CPT50) at a dose of 1.9 and 3.8 mg / kg bw for 30 days led to a significant increase in The level of urea, creatinine, (MDA), (SOD) and decrease in The level of (GSH).
 The treatment of animals with drug Captopril (CPT25 and CPT50) has shown Effected on kidney tissues cases the infiltration and inflammatory of inflammatory cells between the urinary tubules, the presence of hemorrhage within the kidney tissue and the renal glomeruli, and cellular degeneration of some cells of the urinary tubules. Brassica nigra seed extract improves most of the negative effects caused by drug Captopril (CPT25 and CPT50).
 The aim of this study is to investigate the negative effects of captopril on kidney tissues, and to identify the protective role of Brassica nigra seed extract against the negative effected of captopril on some biochemical and histological parameters.
 The conclusion from this study is that the drug Captopril showed an effected on the kidneys of the experimental animals, represented by the emergence of tissue lesions in the organ tissues, and through the results of the results, the protective effected of Brassica nigra seed extract against the effects of captopril was identified.

Analysis Of The Used Of Captopril Drug With Blood Pressure Of Hypertension Patients

Hypertension was a systolic blood pressure equal to or above 140 mmHg and or diastolic blood pressure equal to or above 90 mmHg. This research was done in one of Banyuwangi district Puskesmas with the purpose of analyzing the use of captopril drug to change blood pressure of hypertension patients at Banyuwangi district Puskesmas This research used a type of comparative, comparatively paired sample analytical research, with the design cohort retrospective. The instrument used in this research was a patient's medical record. Samples were calculated using the total sampling technique during the research period. The Data was processed using SPSS version 18 and analyzed use Wilcoxon test. The samples obtained during the research period were a number of 96 patients. The results showed that the use of captopril drugs gave a change in blood pressure marked with a value of P < 0.05. Captopril drugs provided changes in blood pressure decrease in hypertension patients, so it can be used as an antihypertensive recommendation according to the classification of patients in research.

A comprehensive study on the electrochemical advanced oxidation of antihypertensive captopril in different cells and aqueous matrices

Anodic oxidation with electrogenerated H2O2 (AO-H2O2) was applied to treat 130 mL of antihypertensive drug captopril in sulfate medium, urban wastewater and synthetic urine using a BDD, Pt or IrO2 anode and an air-diffusion cathode. Oxidants were OH formed during O2 evolution and active chlorine formed via anodic oxidation of Cl−. Drug removal decreased as: BDD > Pt > IrO2. The effect of pH and current density was examined. Further, 2.5 L of drug solutions in the same matrices with Fe2+ at pH 3.0 were treated by solar photoelectro-Fenton (SPEF) using a solar pre-pilot flow plant with a Pt/air-diffusion cell and a planar photoreactor. In sulfate medium, SPEF outperformed AO-H2O2 and electro-Fenton because of the efficient Fe3+ photoreduction. Low mineralization was achieved by the small generation of photoactive Fe(III)-carboxylate complexes. In urban wastewater, captopril was more rapidly removed due to active chlorine. Two heterocyclic derivatives and four aliphatic acids were detected.

Seaweed Secondary Metabolites with Beneficial Health Effects: An Overview of Successes in In Vivo Studies and Clinical Trials.

Macroalgae are increasingly viewed as a source of secondary metabolites with great potential for the development of new drugs. In this development, in vitro studies are only the first step in a long process, while in vivo studies and clinical trials are the most revealing stages of the true potential and limitations that a given metabolite may have as a new drug. This literature review aims to give a critical overview of the secondary metabolites that reveal the most interesting results in these two steps. Phlorotannins show great pharmaceutical potential in in vivo models and, among the several examples, the anti-dyslipidemia activity of dieckol must be highlighted because it was more effective than lovastatin in an in vivo model. The IRLIIVLMPILMA tridecapeptide that exhibits an in vivo level of activity similar to the hypotensive clinical drug captopril should still be stressed, as well as griffithsin which showed such stunning results over a variety of animal models and which will probably move onto clinical trials soon. Regarding clinical trials, studies with pure algal metabolites are scarce, limited to those carried out with kahalalide F and fucoxanthin. The majority of clinical trials currently aim to ascertain the effect of algae consumption, as extracts or fractions, on obesity and diabetes.

Evaluation of the cardioprotective effect of Casuarina suberosa extract in rats

The aim of the current study was to examine and compare the cardioprotective activities of the chloroform and petroleum extracts the leaves of Casuarina suberosa in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac tissue oxidative stress. Rats were categorized into 6 groups as follows: control group, vehicle or Tween 80-treated group, ISO-treated group, chloroform extract + ISO treated group, petroleum ether extract + ISO treated group and Reference drug (Captopril) + ISO treated group. ISO injection significantly (p < 0.05) increased the activities of cardiac marker enzymes (CK-MB, LDH, ALT, and AST), cardiac troponin-I, levels of lipid peroxides (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity and neutrophil infiltration marker; myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the cardiac tissues. Pretreatment with chloroform or petroleum ether extracts significantly (p < 0.05) prevented the ISO-induced alteration; they upregulated VEGF expression. Histopathological findings corroborated biochemical results. These extracts exerted a cardioprotective effect by alleviating oxidative stress.

Rutin as an Electrochemical Mediator in the Determination of Captopril using a Graphite Paste Electrode

AbstractA simple, rapid and sensitive cyclic voltammetry method is described for the determination of the antihypertensive drug captopril in aqueous solution using a graphite paste electrode with rutin as mediator. The catalytic role of rutin in the oxidation of captopril was confirmed by the increase observed in anodic peak current at+0.44 V vs. SCE in the presence of the mediator. Anodic peak current varied linearly with the concentration of captopril in the dynamic range 0.2 to 1.0 mmol L−1. The method exhibited a limit of detection of 89.4 μmol L−1 and a reproducibility of 1 %, values that are comparable with those exhibited by other methodologies employing electrodes without any modification. The recovery rate for the determination of captopril in a pharmaceutical sample was good (91.21 %) suggesting that the described analytical technique would be effective in industrial applications whilst offering a number of advantages over published cyclic voltammetric methods.

2D-Single-crystal hexagonal gold nanosheets for ultra-trace voltammetric determination of captopril.

Two dimensional single-crystal hexagonal gold nanosheets (SCHGNSs) were prepared by microwave heating of a solution of HAuCl4 in an ionic liquid. The SCHGNSs were characterized by field emission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The SCHGNSs were then used to modify a graphite paste electrode for voltammetric determination of the hypertension drug captopril (CAP). The modified electrode showed a well-defined oxidation peak (at 0.41V vs. Ag/AgCl) at pH7.0 using differential pulse voltammetry. Under the optimum conditions, the response is linear in the 2-400nM and 4.0-50μM CAP concentration range, and the detection limit (at S/N= 3) is 0.3nM. The sensor was successfully applied to the determination of CAP in pharmaceutical tablets and in spiked urine. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of the preparation of single crystal hexagonal gold nanosheets and theiruse to modify acarbon paste electrode for ultra-trace voltammetric determination ofthe drug captopril.

The role of natural products in modern drug discovery.

The global medicine market is about 1.1 trillion US dollars. About 35 percent of medicines have originated from natural products. Brazil presents the largest biodiversity in the world, with more than 50,000 species of higher plants. However, few innovative products have been developed in Brazil from active constituents derived from the Brazilian biodiversity. Scientific evidences on plants and venoms have been internationally published by Brazilian scientists over the last 4 decades; but few examples of innovative products are commercially available. Few examples include the anti-hypertensive drug captopril first identified in the venom of the Brazilian viper Bothrops jararaca by Professor Sergio Ferreira; and some phytotherapeutic agents such as Acheflan®, Syntocalmy® and Melagrião® produced by standardized plant extracts with scientific proof of safety, efficacy and quality. Still, only Acheflan® and Melagrião® are obtained from native Brazilian plants. Several issues contribute to the lack of innovative products from the Brazilian biodiversity, but in my opinion, the most challenging ones are i) the lack of specific regulations to allow researchers and companies to access biodiversity for the purposes of scientific and technological innovation; and ii) the absence of a long-term government program to support research and innovation in this field.

Application of a nano-structured molecularly imprinted polymer as an efficient modifier for the design of captopril drug selective sensor: Mechanism study and quantitative determination

In the present study, electrochemical studies and potentiometric determination of captopril (CAP) drug were presented using a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and carbon paste electrode (CPE), respectively; which is modified with a synthetic nano-structured molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP). CAP-MIP sample with an average particle size of 95 nm was synthesized using a precipitation polymerization method. The electrochemical behavior of CAP was studied on a MIP modified GCE, in an aqueous solution at pH 3.0. The electron transfer coefficient (α) was determined for the CAP drug, using electrochemical approaches. The prepared CAP-MIP was also used as a modifier in a CPE to design a selective CAP sensor, before its potentiometric determination. The modified CPE exhibits a good electrochemical response with a Nernstian slope of 59.15 ± 1.5 mV per decade over a wide linearity in the concentration range of 3.0 × 10−9–1.0 × 10−1 mol L−1. The cyclic voltammetry results were in good agreement with the electrochemical studies for the 1H+/1e− process. The designed electrode indicates a reasonable selectivity for CAP over other studied drugs such as ibuprofen, paracetamol, acyclovir, pyrazinamide, dimenhydrinate, and naproxen as well as with an excellent applicability in some pharmaceutical products.

Photoluminescent coral-like carbon-branched polymers as nanoprobe for fluorometric determination of captopril.

The authors describe the synthesis of fluorescent coral-like carbon nano-branched polymers (PCNBPs) co-doped with nitrogen and phosphorus. Uric acid and phosphoric acid act as nitrogen and phosphorus sources, respectively. The PCNBPs have a coral-like branched structure, are cross-connected, and < 20nm in skeleton diameter. Their bluefluorescence, best measured at excitation/emission wavelengths of 330/425nm, is quenched by mercury (II) ions due to the specifically restricted rigid conformation caused by the interaction of phosphorus, nitrogen, and oxygen groups on the surface of the PCNBPs. Fluorescence is selectivity quenched by Hg(II) but restored in addition of the hypertension drug captopril (CAP) in the range 50nM to 40μM concentration range. Fluorescence recovery is attributed to the effectively specific interactions between the thiol group of CAP and Hg(II). The method was applied to the determination of the concentration of Cap in pharmaceutical samples, and recoveries were between 97.6 and 105.1%. Graphical abstract Fluorescent coral-like carbon nano-branched polymers (PCNBPs) co-doped with nitrogen and phosphorusare described. Their fluorescence is selectivity quenched by Hg(II) but restored in addition of the hypertension drug captopril (Cap) in the range 50nM to 40μM concentration range.

Neuropeptidase activity in the frontal cortex of Wistar-Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats treated with vasoactive drugs: a bilateral study.

Background and objective:Hypertension can lead to mood disorders that may worsen or ameliorate depending on the type of antihypertensive prescribed. Depression is associated with modifications in basal brain asymmetry particularly that of the frontal cortex, which is involved in blood pressure control. Furthermore, different vasoactive drugs may change the brain's asymmetry in a manner that contributes to cognition status. We studied the bilateral activity of several neuropeptidases in frontal cortex as a reflect of the functional status of certain neuropeptides involved in mood.Methods:Using arylamide derivatives as substrates, we fluorometrically analysed the activity of these enzymes in the left and right frontal cortex of control untreated Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and compared their activities with WKY or SHR treated with the antihypertensive drugs captopril (CAP) and propranolol (PRO) or with the hypertensive N (G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester. SBP was also measured in all WKY and SHR groups.Results:Untreated WKY, WKY treated with CAP or PRO and SHR treated with CAP exhibited normotensive values of SBP. However, WKY treated with N (G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester as well as untreated SHR and SHR treated with PRO and N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester demonstrated hypertensive values of SBP. Changes in the bilateral distribution of neuropeptidases were depending on the strain, the enzyme analysed and the drug used. Normotensive WKY groups (WKY, CAP, PRO) revealed intrahemispheric correlations mainly in the left hemisphere. In contrast, WKY treated with N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester and SHR groups demonstrated intrahemispheric correlations mainly in the right hemisphere. Interhemispheric correlations were mostly observed in WKY as well as in SHR groups with antihypertensive treatments (CAP, PRO).Conclusion:Our results suggest specific brain bilateral patterns of neuropeptidase activities in WKY that change in SHR. This observation may be related to the cognitive disorders that have been described in these animals and that change under antihypertensive or hypertensive drug's treatments.

Indirect Way for the Assay of Captopril Drug in Dosage FormsUsing1,10-Phenanthroline as a Selective Spectrophotometric Agent for Fe(II) Via Homemade CFIA /Merging Zones Technique

Indirect Way for the Assay of Captopril Drug in Dosage FormsUsing1,10-Phenanthroline as a Selective Spectrophotometric Agent for Fe(II) Via Homemade CFIA /Merging Zones Technique

Bifunctional Fluorescent Probe for Sequential Sensing of Thiols and Primary Aliphatic Amines in Distinct Fluorescence Channels.

Thiols and primary aliphatic amines (PAA) are ubiquitous and extremely important species in biological systems. They perform significant interplaying roles in complex biological events. A single fluorescent probe differentiating both thiols and PAA can contribute to understanding the intrinsic inter-relationship of thiols and PAA in biological processes. Herein, we rationally constructed the first fluorescent probe that can respond to thiols and PAA in different fluorescence channels. The probe exhibited a high selectivity and sensitivity to thiols and PAA. In addition, it displayed sequential sensing ability when the thiols and PAA coexisted. The application experiments indicated that the probe can be used for sensing thiols and PAA in human blood serum. Moreover, the fluorescence imaging of endogenous thiols and PAA as well as antihypertensive drugs captopril and amlodipine in living cells were successfully conducted.

Evaluation of the Elemental Impurities of the Drug Captopril Marketed Commercialized in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Resumo: O objetivo desse trabalho foi otimizar e validar metodologia analitica para determinar impurezas elementares em IFAs e produto final de captopril, tendo como base as novas diretrizes da Farmacopeia Americana. As tecnicas escolhidas para este fim foram a espectrometria atomica de emissao optica de plasma acoplada indutivamente e a espectrometria de absorcao atomica do forno de grafite. Os resultados indicam que a tecnica desenvolvida foi capaz de atender as necessidades desejadas. Todas as amostras analisadas apresentaram resultados satisfatorios em relacao aos limites maximos permitidos pela USP.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Anti-hypertensive Drug Captopril in Pharmaceutical by Complexation with OS(VIII) and its Characterization by Elemental Analysis, FTIR, NMR, ESR, TGA, DTA and DSC

Spectrophotometric Determination of Anti-hypertensive Drug Captopril in Pharmaceutical by Complexation with OS(VIII) and its Characterization by Elemental Analysis, FTIR, NMR, ESR, TGA, DTA and DSC

The effect of hypertension on adult hippocampal neurogenesis in young adult spontaneously hypertensive rats and Dahl rats.

The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is one of the few places in the brain where neurogenesis occurs in adulthood. Nowadays, an increasing number of children and young adults are affected by hypertension, one of the factors in the development of cerebrovascular diseases and age-related cognitive deficits. Since these cognitive deficits are often hippocampus-dependent, it is possible that hypertension exerts this effect via decreasing adult neurogenesis which has been shown to be essential for a range of cognitive tasks. We used spontaneously hypertensive rats, which develop hypertension in the first weeks of life. Half of them were treated with the antihypertensive drug captopril. We found that the drug-induced lowering of blood pressure in this period did not affect the rate of adult neurogenesis. In a second experiment, we used another animal model of hypertension - salt-sensitive and salt-resistant strains of Dahl rats. A high-salt diet induces hypertension in the salt-sensitive strain, but not in the salt-resistant strain. The high-salt diet led to salt-induced hypertension, but did not affect the level of adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. We conclude that hypertension does not significantly affect the rate of hippocampal neurogenesis in young adult rats.

Binding interaction of pharmaceutical drug captopril with calf thymus DNA: a multispectroscopic and molecular docking study

Exploring the binding interaction of drug molecule with calf thymus DNA turn out to be a dynamic field of research at the interface between biological science and medicinal chemistry. Captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and extensively used for the treatment of hypertension and cognitive heart failure. Still now, its interaction style with ctDNA is not well interpreted. In this issue, we have tried to find out the binding mode of captopril with ctDNA under physiological pH using fluorescence probe pyrene by spectroscopic methods along with molecular docking study. UV–vis absorption, emission and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy suggest the non-covalent binding interaction between captopril and ctDNA with binding constant value 5.47 × 103M−1. The circular dichroism measurement reveals the conformational change of ctDNA upon addition of captopril. Binding nature of captopril with ctDNA is affirmed from the Isothermal Titration Calorimetry, helix melting experiment, comparative displacement assay, cyclic voltammetry, viscometric study and finally molecular docking. Thermodynamic parameters ∆H, ∆S and ∆G transpired that captopril probably binds to minor groove of ctDNA. The groove binding nature of captopril with ctDNA was confirmed by molecular docking study. Hence, the results gained from current inspection give an explicit visualization of the effects of captopril with ctDNA interaction.

Medicinals with properties of warming Yang and tonifying Qi in terms of Traditional Chinese Medicine: their effects on left ventricular ejection fraction and aldosterone in rats with induced failure heart

OBJECTIVETo investigate on Left ventricular ejection fraction value and aldosterone of two medicinals of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) with the properties of warming Yang and tonifying Qi in terms of TCM theory. METHODSAn animal model of coronary ligation of heart failure after myocardial infarction was employed to study the influence of these two kinds of drugs on three batches of rats. On the basis of the average score of left ventricle ejection fraction during the investigation, there were some different groups, including WenYang (the warming Yang) group, YiQi (tonifying Qi) group, WenYang and YiQi group, captopril group, digoxin group. In additional, an artificial operation group was set for comparison. The systemic intervention using these medicinal and drugs was taken effects on the 2nd day after the operation of myocardial infraction (MI) with once a day. At week one, two, and four after the MI treatment, evaluated were EF values, and ferritin, angiotensin-II and aldosterone in the rats’ plasma. RESULTSAt week one and week two, the medicinal of WenYang, YiQi, WenYang pluse YiQi, and digoxin could improve left ventricular ejection fraction in rats with heart failure; Compared to the model group, captopril Left ventricular EF value increased, but there was not significant. At week four, heart failure and left ventricular EF values was improved in the intervention group and the other four captopril drug intervention. At week one in the rats with drug intervention, the medicinals of YiQi, WenYang plus YiQi, and captopril could inhibit activation in vivo hormone aldosterone in heart failure rats; aldosterone in WenYang group and digoxin group were not different from that in the model group at week two and four. CONCLUSIONChinese medicinals with properties of WenYang, YiQi have significant effect on improving left ventricular EF in rats with heart failure; compared to YiQi medicinals, WenYang medicinals that inhibit the effectiveness of the time required for the activation of the role of aldosterone. The medicinals of WenYang and YiQi seems better by inhibiting the activation of the hormone aldosterone after failing to inhibit ventricular remodeling to improve heart failure.

Prophylactic effects of alkaloids from Ba lotus seeds on L-NNA-induced hypertension in mice

Alkaloids from Ba lotus seeds (ABLS) are a kind of important functional compounds in lotus seeds. The present study was designed to determine its hypertension prophylactic effects in the L-NNA-induced mouse hypertension model. The mice were treated with ABLS, the serum and tissues levels of NO, MDA, ET-1, VEGF, and CGRP were determined using the experimental kits, the mRNA levels of various genes in the heart muscle and blood vessel tissues were further determined by RT-PCR assay. ABLS could reduce the systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean blood pressure (MBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), compared to that of the model control group. After ABLS treatment, the NO (nitric oxide) contents in serum, heart, liver, kidney and stomach of the mice were higher than that of the control mice, but the MDA (malonaldehyde) contents were lower than that of the control mice. The serum levels of ET-1 (endothelin-1), VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) were decreased after ABLS treatment, but CGRP (calcium gene related peptide) level was increased. The ABLS treated mice had higher mRNA expressions of HO-1, nNOS, and eNOS and lower expressions of ADM, RAMP2, IL-1β, TNF-α, and iNOS than the control mice. Higher concentration of ABLS had greater prophylactic effects, which were close to that of the hypertension drug captopril. These results indicated the hypertension prophylactic effects of ABLS could be further explored as novel medicine or functional food in the future.