Driver's License Research Articles

Optimizing guidance signage system to improve drivers’ lane-changing behavior at the expressway toll plaza

Although ETC (Electronic Toll Collection) has been widely implemented in vehicles in China in recent years, the channel guidance signage system on expressways has not been updated accordingly. Late lane-changing occurs when drivers are confused about the correct channel to enter, leading to increased crash risks and traffic congestion in front of the toll. The paper aims to optimize the current guidance signage systems, given the high proportion of ETC vehicles on Chinese expressways, and evaluate its effects on the drivers’ lane-changing behavior when passing through the expressway toll channels. A driving simulator experiment was conducted to test four scenarios: Original sign plan, Partial Manual Toll Collection (MTC) sign plan, Complete MTC sign plan and Complete MTC sign with Voice warning plan. Forty participants with a valid driver's license completed the four scenarios, and their behavior performances (e.g., decision-making of lane-changing, response time, average speed and deceleration) in the main lane in front of the toll booth were analyzed. The results showed that compared to the Original sign plan and Partial MTC sign plans, the Complete MTC sign plans (with and without voice warning) played a significant role in improving the MTC vehicle drivers’ lane-changing behaviors. The improvement included earlier initiated lane-changing, shortened response time, lower deceleration rate and extended lane-changing duration distance. The findings of this study have important implications for expressway designers and relevant management departments to optimize the current guidance signage and enhance traffic safety and efficiency at the toll plaza.

Perceptions of Electric Scooters Prior to Legalisation: A Case Study of Dublin, Ireland, the ‘Final Frontier’ of Adopted E-Scooter Use in Europe

This paper presents the results of a study conducted to examine pre-COVID-19 travel patterns, mode choice, and perceptions and attitudes specifically in relation to micromobility devices, namely e-scooters, in Dublin, Ireland. Given the novelty of this mode of transport and the notable current absence of e-scooter companies operating in Ireland (due to the legal status of such devices in Ireland at the time of writing), user data on electric scooters are lacking in the context of Ireland, which presents challenges for government and local authorities to develop appropriate regulations to legislate for their use. In this study, a survey was created that targeted individuals that live and work in the county of Dublin. The survey was used to examine the sociodemographic and travel characteristics influencing mode choice in Dublin; to generate an understanding of the existing and potential future demand for electric scooters; and to determine the perception of e-scooters amongst Dubliners. The main findings generated from the analysis of the survey results were the following: time followed by convenience were two of the main factors that influence mode choice, females were found to be willing to pay more than males for a shared e-scooter service, respondents with a daily trip cost of €1–5 were found to be willing to pay €4 or more for a shared e-scooter service, and 31% of respondents with a travel cost of €1 or less would be prepared to pay €2–3 for the scheme. These findings suggest that people would be willing to increase their daily travel costs in order to use the shared e-scooter service. Younger individuals on high incomes that were not in possession of a private car or a driver licence were found to be more likely to choose an e-scooter, and shorter trips (shorter distance and time) were associated with e-scooter mode choice. The results also determined that while the people in this sample of those living and working in Dublin recognise the benefits that e-scooters present to users and generally hold positive attitudes towards them, they are also wary of how they will be legislated for from a regulatory point of view in relation to speed limits, age limits, and legal riding zones to reduce the incidences of dangerous riding and collisions on roads and footpaths.

POLICE DISCRETION IN INVESTIGATION OF TRAFFIC AFFECTS PERFORMED BY CHILD

The implementation of discretion by the police seems to be against the law, but it is a way out that is indeed given by law to the police in order to provide efficiency and effectiveness for the greater public interest, furthermore discretion should not be eliminated. Discretion cannot be removed and should not be eliminated. Discretion is an integral part of the role of the institution or organization. However, discretion can be limited and controlled, for example by tightening written orders and the existence of programmed decisions that are at least able to formulate and demand discretionary action. The problem is, unprogrammed decisions often appear and open the door wide for discretionary making. That the mechanism for applying police discretion to traffic crimes committed by children at the Police investigation level is that the traffic police visited the scene of the case and then sketched the scene of the case, helped victims, recorded witnesses, secured evidence of accidents such as vehicles, driver's licenses, and STNK, for a further investigation process, After that an investigation is carried out by the police to make a case analysis and discretion is carried out if the accident that occurs is minor and the perpetrator is a child who causes a minor accident and a single accident that can be resolved with material compensation, then an agreement is made between the two parties for solving traffic accident cases.

The perception of the demerit point system by drivers: a comparative focus-groups' study in Israel

The purpose of this paper is to estimate how the new point system is perceived by the Israeli drivers, in consideration of the broader context of the motives and factors that impact behaviors on the road. The study examines differences in attitudes towards the scoring method between various population groups based on group identity, nationality, age, and type of driver's license. The study is based on a qualitative method that features the use of focus groups. In the study's framework, seven discussions were held by focus groups chosen to represent specific types of the driving population, including professional drivers, young drivers, and elderly drivers. The latter groups represent the most "problematic" groups of drivers that are at a high risk of being injured in road accidents. In addition to participating in-group discussions, group members received a closed characterization questionnaire. The questionnaire included items about their demographic and socio-economic status and questions about their attitudes towards the study's topics. The study results show that attitudes toward the demerit point system in Israel and the refresher course varied by age, nationality, and license class. The study results show that drivers, and professional drivers, in particular, are concerned about the implications of accumulating points. However, they do not deem remedial driving courses effective as means of deterrence, or as a means of improving driving competencies.

Unlicensed driving among young drivers in North Carolina: a quasi-induced exposure analysis

BackgroundLittle is known about the prevalence of driving among teenagers who have not yet obtained a license. The primary objective of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of unlicensed driving among young drivers using the quasi-induced exposure (QIE) approach and to determine whether unlicensed driving was more common among minority and lower-income teenagers. Additionally, we examined whether unlicensed driving among adolescents increased following the implementation of a graduated driver licensing (GDL) system and whether GDL differentially affected minority and low-income adolescents.MethodsUsing North Carolina crash and driver license data, we identified 90,267 two-vehicle crashes from 1991 through 2016 where only one driver was considered contributory and the non-contributory driver was a White or Black 16 or 17 years old. In the QIE approach, these non-contributory young drivers are assumed to be representative of all adolescents driving in the state during this time period. The prevalence of unlicensed driving among adolescents by age and year was estimated by identifying the proportion of non-contributory drivers who had never been licensed by the time of their involvement in these two-vehicle crashes. We further conducted logistic regression analyses to examine the likelihood of a non-contributory young driver being unlicensed as a function of race, neighborhood income level, and licensing era (prior to or after GDL was implemented).ResultsDuring the 26 years for which data were available, the mean annual prevalence of unlicensed driving was 1.2% for 16-year-olds and 1.7% among 17-year-olds. Young Black drivers and individuals living in lower-income neighborhoods were somewhat more likely to drive before obtaining a license, but the rates of unlicensed driving among these groups were also quite low. Unlicensed driving increased slightly for 17-year-olds following the implementation of GDL, but returned to previous levels after a few years.ConclusionUnlicensed driving among adolescents in North Carolina is substantially less common than suggested by previous self-report studies and analyses of fatal crash data.

Passport Photo Compression: A Review

The demand for electronic -passport photo ( frontal facial) images has grown rapidly. It now extends to Electronic Government (E-Gov) applications such as social benefits driver's license, e-passport, and e-visa . With the COVID 19 (coronavirus disease ), facial (formal) images are becoming more widely used and spreading quickly, and are being used to verify an individual's identity, but unfortunately that comes with insignificant details of constant background which leads to huge byte consumption that affects storage space and transmission, where the optimal solution that aims to curtail data size using compression techniques that based on exploiting image redundancy(s) efficiently.

Investigating the effects of sleepiness in truck drivers on their headway: An instrumental variable model with grouped random parameters and heterogeneity in their means

Sleepiness is a common human factor among truck drivers resulting from sleep loss or time of day and causing impairment in vigilance, attention, and driving performance. While driver sleepiness may be associated with increased risk on the road, sleepy drivers may drive more cautiously as a result of risk-compensating behaviour. This endogeneity has been overlooked in the previous driver behaviour studies and may provide new insight into the effects of sleepiness on driving performance. In addition, the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) has been widely used to quantify sleepiness. However, the KSS is a subjective self-reported measure and is reliant on honest reporting and understanding of the scale. An alternative way of quantifying sleepiness is using drivers’ heart rate and correlating it with their sleepiness. While recent advances in data collection technologies have made it possible to collect heart rate data in real-time and in an unobtrusive way, their application in measuring sleepiness particularly among truck drivers has been unexplored.This study aims to address these gaps and contribute to analytic methods in road safety research by collecting truck drivers’ heart rate data in real-time, measuring sleepiness from those data, and using it in an instrumental variable modelling framework to investigate its effect on driving performance. To this end, a driving simulator experiment was conducted in Belgium and heart rate data were collected for 35 truck drivers via sensors installed on the steering wheel of the simulator. Additional demographic data were collected using a questionnaire before the experiment. An instrumental variable model consisting of a discrete binary logit and a continuous generalized linear model with grouped random parameters and heterogeneity in their means was then developed to study the effects of driver sleepiness on headway. Results indicate that age, years of holding driver licence, road type, type of truck transport, and weekly distance travelled are significantly associated with sleepiness among the participants of this study. Sleepy driving is associated with reduced headway for 30.5% of the drivers and increased headway for the other 69.5%, and night-time shift is associated with such varied effects. These findings indicate that there may be group- or context-specific risk patterns which cannot be explicitly addressed by hours of service regulations and therefore, transport operators, driver trainers and fleet managers should identify and handle such context-specific high risk patterns in order to ensure safe operations.

Drink and drug driving education in the Northern Territory: a qualitative study illustrating issues of access and inequity

Objective:In the Northern Territory, people who commit drink driving offences are required to undertake an approved course or treatment to be eligible for a driver's licence, however, course uptake is low. We investigated barriers to program uptake. Methods:We conducted semi‐structured interviews with 24 program attendees, course providers and government stakeholders. We used a framework analysis. Results:Program coverage in remote areas was limited, leading to inequitable access. The course cost affected uptake and exacerbated existing financial hardship. There were mixed views among government stakeholders on the program. While some held a view that offenders should ‘pay the price’, some also saw the user‐pays model and high program cost as a clear barrier to accessibility. Conclusions:The data from this study demonstrate how the current delivery model for drink and drug driving education increases inequities for those in regional and remote areas, and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Implications for public health:Moving away from the current user‐pays model to a subsidised or free model may facilitate greater access. Online delivery may increase accessibility; however, consultation is required to ensure the program is delivered equitably with consideration of language, literacy, cultural factors and access to technology.

Communication Lake

Communication Lake

My Mind Was a Military Sky

My Mind Was a Military Sky

An Analysis of Presupposition in The Selected Song Lyrics in The Sour Album by Olivia Rodrigo

Text is a language that contains sentences that express someone’s feelings, thoughts, and messages. Song lyrics as a form of text certainly contains meanings or messages addressed by the speaker to readers. In this study, the writer is interested in analyzing to discuss the types of presupposition, the predominant ones, and the implied meaning in selected song lyrics in the Sour album. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. In this study the writer choose five song lyric in the Sour album such as “Driver License”, “Good 4 U”, “Déjà vu”, “Happier”, and “Traitor”. The result of this study can be summarize as follows. Firstly, there are various kinds of presupposition are found such as existential, factive, lexical, non-factive, structural, and counterfactual. Secondly, the predominant types presupposition is factive, with the assumes that the song lyrics is fact based on subjectify of the speaker. Finally, the meanings implied in the song lyrics of this study mostly indicate expressions of love and broken heart. Keywords: pragmatics, presupposition types, presupposition meaning, predominant presupposition, song lyrics.

The Prevent Alcohol and Risk-Related Trauma in Youth (P.A.R.T.Y) program: An interactive injury prevention initiative in South-Western Sydney

BackgroundThe Prevent Alcohol and Risk Related Trauma in Youth (P.A.R.T.Y) program is an interactive injury prevention intervention, specifically designed for “at risk” youths aged 15 to 19 years. Emerging evidence has highlighted its positive impact on altering student attitudes towards risk-taking behaviour across several Australian and international settings. This study aims to describe the risk-taking behaviours of youths in South-Western and Greater Western Sydney, and assess the effectiveness of the Liverpool P.A.R.T.Y program to alter attitudes towards risk-taking. MethodsFrom 2015 to 2020, schools and youth organisations across South-Western and Greater Western Sydney were invited to participate in the Liverpool Hospital P.A.R.T.Y program. Youths aged 15 to 19 years were selected to attend by their respective teachers based on eligibility criteria. Knowledge and attitudes towards risk-taking behaviours were measured using surveys across three time points (pre-program, immediately post-program, 3-to-6 months post-program). ResultsA total of 2544 participants from 50 schools and youth organisations attended the Liverpool Hospital P.A.R.T.Y program. There were 130 participants who did not record a response to a single question across all three time points and were omitted from analysis. Of the remaining 2414 participants, 49% were male, and 41% had access to a provisional driver's license or learner's permit. There were significant changes in knowledge and attitudes to risk-taking behaviours from pre-to immediately-post-program. A separate analysis across all three time points was conducted in response to a poor 3-to-6-month follow-up rate (25%). There was decay in improvements across all six questions, with the largest change seen in perceived likelihood of injury when engaging in physically risk-taking activities (52.2% to 36.9%, OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.33 – 0.60, p < 0.001). ConclusionThis study demonstrated significant changes in participant attitudes towards risk-taking behaviours and their consequences, immediately after participating in the Liverpool Hospital P.A.R.T.Y program. However, the poor response rates at later follow-up highlight the need for ongoing engagement of the South-Western and Greater Western Sydney youths, to ensure these improvements are sustained.

Contemporary levels of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training in Denmark

AimMany efforts have been made to train the Danish population in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and automated external defibrillator (AED) use. We assessed CPR and AED training levels among the broad Danish population and volunteer responders. MethodsIn November 2018, an electronic cross-sectional survey was sent to (1) a representative sample of the general Danish population (by YouGov) and (2) all volunteer responders in the Capital Region of Denmark. ResultsA total of 2,085 people from the general population and 7,768 volunteer responders (response rate 36%) completed the survey. Comparing the general Danish population with volunteer responders, 81.0% (95% CI 79.2–82.7%) vs. 99.2% (95% CI 99.0–99.4%) p < 0.001 reported CPR training, and 54.0% (95% CI 51.8; 56.2) vs. 89.5% (95% CI 88.9–90.2) p < 0.001 reported AED training, at some point in life.In the general population, the unemployed and the self-employed had the lowest proportion of training with CPR training at 71.9% (95% CI 68.3–75.4%) and 65.4% (95% CI 53.8–75.8%) and AED training at 39.0% (95% CI 35.2–42.9%) and 34.6% (95% CI 24.2–46.2%), respectively.Applicable to both populations, the workplace was the most frequent training provider. Among 18–29-year-olds in the general population, most reported training when acquiring a driver's license. ConclusionsA large majority of the Danish population and volunteer responders reported previous CPR/AED training. Mandatory training when acquiring a driver's license and training through the workplace seems to disseminate CPR/AED training effectively. However, new strategies reaching the unemployed and self-employed are warranted to ensure equal access.

Can remote ID biometrics stop the flood of financial fraud?

Jay Meier of FaceTec believes remote biometric identity verification is needed to counter the escalating threat of financial crime. He explains the liveness detection technology available to do this, and the key role that mobile driver's licences could play in proving identity once and for all.

Investigating the Approaches and Knowledge Levels of Parents of Children at the Ages of 0-14 About Basic First Aid

Aim: The accidents experienced in childhood are a public health problem due to their potential outcomes, and they require collaboration with family physicians. This study aimed to investigate the basic first aid approaches and knowledge levels of parents who bring their children to the outpatient clinics of the Department of Family Medicine and Social Pediatrics at Ankara University School of Medicine. Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted between 19 October 2020 and 16 November 2020 was approved by the Ankara University Human Research Ethics Committee. The data were collected face-to-face using a survey form and were analyzed using the IBM SPSS 15.0 package program. Results: In this study, 229 parents in total were reached. 55.9% of the participants had first aid training and a higher rate of considering themselves adequate about first aid. The participants with first aid training, those with high income, those with high education levels, and those with a driver's license answered more questions correctly. Conclusion: Although our study participants had relatively very high education levels, there were issues about which their first aid knowledge was lacking, and these results revealed the importance of providing parents with first aid training once again. Keywords: family practice, child care, parents, first aid, accidents

Analisis Kualitas Aplikasi Simpel Pol Menggunakan Metode McCall

The Simpel Pol application is a health test service application for submitting a Driving License (SIM). The Purbalingga Police Clinic has implemented the use of the Simpel Pol application for the Purbalingga Regency area since April 2021. After searching in the Google Playstore review column, the Simple Pol application has several problems such as less accurate on hearing tests, applications that run slowly, and difficulty signing in. Based on these problems, this study aims to analyze the quality of the Simple Pol application using the McCall method. Product operation is used as the main perspective in this study with the metrics of completeness, consistency, traceability, error tolerance, accuracy, simplicity, execution efficiency, access control, operability, training, and communicativeness. The subject of this study is a driver's license applicant in the Purbalingga Regency who performs a medical test through the Simpel Pol application. The number of respondents was determined by the Slovin formula and data was collected using a questionnaire. The results of this study will determine the quality of the Simpel Pol application which is categorized as very good, good, good enough, not good, or very bad

Strategi Pemasaran Produk Tabungan Seulanga Ib Pada PT. Bank Aceh Syariah Capem Lhok Nibong

This study aims to determine the mechanism for opening Seulanga Ib savings and marketing strategies at PT Bank Aceh Syariah Capem Lhok Nibong. The type of data used in this study is primary data. Data collection techniques were carried out through Field Research with direct observation and interview methods on the target object, namely Bank Aceh Syariah Capem Lhok Nibong, Pante Bidari District, East Aceh Regency in order to obtain data that was in accordance with actual conditions in the field. The data obtained are presented descriptively. The results obtained by K from this study are that there is a mechanism for opening a Seulanga iB savings account, the conditions that must be attached and the conditions for opening a Seulanga iB savings account, including: 1) Submit a photocopy of a valid identity card such as an ID card or driver's license. 2) Fill in the font of the Seulanga iB savings form. 3) The initial deposit for opening a Seulanga Savings account is IDR 100,000 (one million rupiah) for the next deposit, a minimum of IDR 100,000 (one hundred thousand rupiah). The marketing strategy carried out by PT. Bank Aceh Syariah Capem Lhok Nibong in marketing the Seulanga iB Savings product is carried out in various ways including: a) Direct Selling, b) Cross Selling, c) Open Table, d) Advertising, and e) Sales Promotion.

Epilepsia versus Saúde e Segurança Ocupacionais

Introduction/framework/objectives It is not uncommon for a worker to report having Epilepsy during the Occupational Health exam, a fact that, in certain work contexts, may imply a risk of an eventual serious accident, sometimes arising some doubts on how to classify aptitude, maintaining confidentiality and simultaneously informing the employer/management/human resources which tasks should be avoided. Methodology This is a Bibliographic Review, initiated through a search carried out in January 2022 in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina and RCAAP”. Contents In Epilepsy, the existence of abnormal electrical activity in the brain is verified; it is a dysfunction of the central nervous system, episodic and unpredictable, although controllable in the majority. The epileptic seizure may lead to loss of consciousness and/or intense and involuntary muscle contraction. Some side effects of the drugs used can contribute to the abandonment of therapy or, at least, the omission of some doses. The unemployment and underemployment rate is higher in these individuals; not only because of the stigma associated with the crisis and risk of accident, but also because of the side effects of drugs, such as drowsiness, vertigo, headache and/or cognitive changes, which can reduce work performance. In addition, unemployment can be further exacerbated by a decrease in self-esteem, lower qualifications (in terms of qualifications and professional experience), not having a driver license and because there is little information about the disease (from colleagues and employer). Assessing an epileptic’s ability to work is a complex task, especially when there are reasonably recent seizures. Aptitude will vary from case to case, considering the type of Epilepsy, frequency and intensity of seizures, control provided by medication and possible side effects, as well as work tasks themselves. Due to discrimination, some workers prefer to hide the pathology from the employer and the occupational physician. The determining factor for employability (access and maintenance of jobs) is crisis control. Discussion and Conclusions There are no consensually accepted Guidelines about Epileptic workers; in some countries and/or specific professional sectors there are short specific indications. It will be up to the Occupational Physician/Nurse and Safety Technician to act on a case-by-case basis, to guarantee the best working conditions. It seems to be consensual that at least two years without seizures may allow for the assumption that the recurrence rate will be reasonably low. In case of doubt, the Health and Safety elements may rely on the written opinion of the assistant neurologist, to have a technical and legal safeguard, in view of the aptitude classification and/or timing for reassessment. Keywords: epilepsy, occupational health and occupational medicine.

Access Log and Search Query Analysis for the Web Article on Driver's Licenses for People with Epilepsy

Access Log and Search Query Analysis for the Web Article on Driver's Licenses for People with Epilepsy

Implementation of K-Means Clustering Algorithm for Grouping Traffic Violation Levels in Siak

Traffic offences often occur in different regions, ranging from mild to moderate to severe. The categories of offences include not carrying a Driver's Licence, stnk (Vehicle Number Certificate) or stck (Vehicle Trial Certificate) is invalid, not wearing a seat belt, not turning on headlights during the day and under certain conditions, disobeying traffic signs, disobeying traffic signals. Moderate offences include not having a Driver's Licence, not concentrating while driving and breaking the door of the drawbar. Serious violations include deviating from other vehicles on the road, damaging and interfering with road functions, not insuring one's own responsibility and not insuring staff and passengers. In this study, the K-Means algorithm was used with the aim of obtaining information on data groups of traffic violations based on the time of the incident so that the cause of the traffic violations that occurred in Tasikmalaya City is known. Based on the validation with Davies Bouldin Index metric, 4 clusters were identified which can group the data well. The PerformanceVector results from the assessment of the clusters resulted in 4 clusters with a value of 0.134. Cluster 1 with the most data violations amounting to 74 violations occurred at night, Cluster 2 with the most violations amounting to 16 violations occurred during the day, Cluster 3 with the most violations amounting to 6 violations occurred in the afternoon and Cluster 4 with the most violations amounting to 113 violations occurred in the morning.