Driven Wind Energy Conversion Research Articles

Modeling and analysis of the LC filter-integrated quasi Z-source indirect matrix converter for the wind energy conversion system

A Quasi Z-Source Indirect Matrix Converter (QZSIMC) is proposed in this paper for Permanent Magnet Generator (PMG) based Direct Drive Wind Energy Conversion Systems (DDWECS) to enhance the voltage transfer ratio and also to control the output voltage under various loading conditions. The QZSIMC comprises three Quasi Z-Source (QZS) networks connected between PMG and load through a three-phase Indirect Matrix Converter (IMC). Two different PWM control techniques such as Carrier Based Pulse Width Modulation Technique and Modified Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation Technique are proposed to analyze the performance of QZSIMC. By changing the shoot through time period, the duty ratio of quasi Z-Source network can be increased which in turn increases the boost factor of both QZSIMC without affecting the efficiency of the converter. A closed-loop control system has also been designed to sustain constant parameters at the output. The proposed QZSIMC for PMG based DDWECS along with two different PWM Control Schemes are to be modeled using MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. To validate the simulation results, a 1 kW, 415 V, 50 Hz experimental setup with an FPGA SPARTAN-6 processor has been developed in the laboratory for QZSIMC and the results are investigated based on the parameters such as output voltage, output current, Switching Stress, Boost Factor, inductor current, capacitor voltage, Total Harmonic Distortion.

Harnessing wind potential in Covenant University

Energy is one of the major necessities for economic growth and development of any nation. It is one of the most demanded commodities globally, which measures the growth of both government and private settings. Due to the emission of greenhouse gases from burning fossil fuels in electricity generation, greater attention has been directed towards the generation and application of renewable sources of energy that can be used with little or no carbon and/or greenhouse gas emission. It is therefore necessary to explore the applicability of renewable energy resources in our local domains. The purpose of this study is to explore the feasibility of using wind turbines in the generation of electricity in Covenant University. This study reports the wind potential in Covenant University and explores the utility that is attainable from the use of wind turbines in Covenant University and its environs. The wind data profile for Covenant University was collected from World Weather Online from May 2017 to May 2022 and then compared with some models of wind turbines. The wind speed data for Kano state was acquired and analyzed to gain insight into the turbine efficiency in Covenant University. The average wind speed in Covenant University over the 5-year period was found to be 3.75 m/s, while the average wind speed in Kano State over a 3-year period was found to be 4.02 m/s. The available data revealed that the wind potential is not sufficient to substantially drive wind energy conversion in Covenant University, especially with turbines of higher ratings.

Nonlinear Control Operation of DFIG-Based WECS Incorporated With Machine Loss Reduction Scheme

This article presents a novel adaptive backstepping based nonlinear control scheme incorporated with machine loss reduction and parameter uncertainties for grid-connected doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) driven wind energy conversion system (WECS). The proposed nonlinear controller is developed to stabilize both the grid and rotor side current control loops of direct-drive DFIG-based WECS. Traditional feedback linearization controllers are sensitive to system parameter variations and disturbances on DFIG-based WECS, which demands advanced control techniques for stable and efficient performance considering the nonlinear system dynamics. The proposed nonlinear controller incorporates the system uncertainty and nonlinearities while ensuring the stability of the drive system through Lyapunov stability criteria. A machine loss reduction algorithm is also incorporated to achieve enhanced efficiency. The performance of the proposed nonlinear scheme is compared with conventional benchmark fixed gain proportional-integral control and sliding mode control scheme for the rotor-side converter controller. The proposed nonlinear controller for DFIG-based WECS integrated with machine loss reduction scheme is successfully implemented in real time using DSP board DS 1104 for a prototype 350 W DFIG. The simulation and experimental results prove the efficacy of the proposed scheme under variable operating conditions such as wind speed variation, grid voltage disturbances, and parameter uncertainties.

Dynamic reluctance air gap modeling and experimental evaluation of electromagnetic characteristics of five-phase permanent magnet synchronous generator for wind power application

Abstract This paper presents the design and analysis of electromagnetic characteristics of a five phase permanent magnet synchronous generator for direct drive wind energy conversion system (WECS). In this study, simple and accurate Dynamic Reluctance Network Modeling is used for design and optimization of generator. The anisotropic structure of stator and rotor for the accurate prediction of flux distribution in the air gap and electromagnetic performance is accounted by the dynamic variation of air gap reluctance in an electrical period. This model considers the leakage flux paths for machine design optimization to achieve better performance. In this context, three permanent magnet (PM) materials namely NdFeB, SmCo and ferrite are considered to evaluate the generated voltage. The dimensions of these permanent magnets are varied and performance under normal and saturated core condition is evaluated. A prototype is developed in the machine laboratory of the IIT(BHU) Varanasi (India) and results obtained in accordance with Finite Element Method.

Sensor Fault Resilient Operation of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Based Wind Energy Conversion System

This paper presents a sensor fault resilient control approach for permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) based direct drive wind energy conversion systems (WECSs). The measurement accuracy of WECS quantities, such as generator and grid-side currents, generator speed, and dc link voltage are of paramount importance to ensure reliable and efficient operation of PMSG-based WECSs, since these measurements are essential to derive control actions for the power electronic interfaces in the WECSs. Erroneous measurements of WECS quantities due to malfunctioning of corresponding sensors can adversely affect the efficient and reliable operation of the WECS. In this paper, any error in the sensor measurements are considered as sensor fault. The proposed approach comprises a sliding mode observer based state and fault estimation system, a fault mitigation algorithm, and indirect vector control approaches for generator and grid-side voltage source converters (VSCs) to ensure sensor fault resilient operation of WECSs. The efficacy of the proposed approach is validated through rigorous simulation studies carried out on a WECS connected to a practical test distribution system, which clearly demonstrates that the proposed approach is capable of nullifying the impact of erroneous measurements due to sensor malfunctioning and ensure efficient and optimal operation of WECSs.

Direct driven wind energy conversion system connected to load using variable frequency transformer

This paper proposes a variable frequency transformer for wind energy conversion systems using permanent magnet synchronous generator. It is a doubled-fed wound round induction machine which transfers the power between asynchronous networks. Typical permanent magnet synchronous generator-based wind energy conversion systems with back-to-back converters produces harmonics which creates power quality problems.The above problem can be overcome using the variable frequency transformer between permanent magnet synchronous generator and load. This design does not employ any power electronic converter for wind energy conversion system and harmonics can be diminished using the variable frequency transformer. In this paper, the PMSG is connected through variable frequency transformer for different wind speeds. The results are endorsed using MATLAB/SIMULINK.

Power control of wind energy conversion system under multiple operating regimes with deep residual recurrent neural network: theory and experiment

This paper makes a research for the speed control of wind turbine system under multiple operating regimes, which also studied the sleep residual recurrent neural network method in this work. We aim at designing deep residual recurrent neural network robust controllers, which guarantee the existence of the multiple regime system poles in some predefined zone and wind speed precise tracking. Moreover, the feedback gains which guarantee desired speed tracking performance are obtained by solving the Lyapunov stability functions. The results are applied to a directly driven wind energy conversion experiment systems and the numerical experiment, comparing with the existing results, shows the satisfactory performance of the proposed method.

Power control of wind energy conversion system under multiple operating regimes with deep residual recurrent neural network: theory and experiment

This paper makes a research for the speed control of wind turbine system under multiple operating regimes, which also studied the sleep residual recurrent neural network method in this work. We aim at designing deep residual recurrent neural network robust controllers, which guarantee the existence of the multiple regime system poles in some predefined zone and wind speed precise tracking. Moreover, the feedback gains which guarantee desired speed tracking performance are obtained by solving the Lyapunov stability functions. The results are applied to a directly driven wind energy conversion experiment systems and the numerical experiment, comparing with the existing results, shows the satisfactory performance of the proposed method.

Tracking Control of Wind Energy Conversion System in Green Crop Producing Bases

The tracking control of directly driven wind energy conversion system in green crop producing basess in green crop producing bases is studied in this study. The design procedure in this study aims at designing stable neural network slide mode controllers that guarantee the existence of the system poles in some predefined zone and wind speed precise tracking. More significantly, the speed tracking control problems are reduced to Lyapunov stability problem. In this way, by solving the stability Lyapunov functions, the feedback gains which guarantee global asymptotic stability and desired speed tracking performance are determined. The results are applied to a wind turbine generator systems and numerical simulation showing the feasibility of the proposed method.

A Novel Maximum Power Point Tracking Control for Permanent Magnet Direct Drive Wind Energy Conversion Systems

This paper proposes a novel optimal current given (OCG) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control strategy based on the theory of power feedback and hill climb searching (HCS) for a permanent magnet direct drive wind energy conversion system (WECS). The presented strategy not only has the advantages of not needing the wind speed and wind turbine characteristics of the traditional HCS method, but it also improves the stability and accuracy of MPPT by estimating the exact loss torque. The OCG MPPT control strategy is first carried out by simulation, then an experimental platform based on the dSPACE1103 controller is built and a 5.5 kW permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) is tested. Furthermore, the proposed method is compared experimentally with the traditional optimum tip speed ratio (TSR) MPPT control. The experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed OCG MPPT strategy and demonstrate its better performance than the traditional TSR MPPT control.

Modelling and simulation of wind turbine driven axial type permanent magnet generator with Z-source inverter

AbstractThis paper presents the modelling of direct driven permanent magnet generator (DDPMG) with Z-source inverter (ZSI) for wind turbine application. Direct drive wind energy conversion systems (WECS) based on permanent magnet generator (PMG) have some advantages such as no gearbox, high power density, high precision and ease of control. To show its effectiveness, a mathematical model of a PMG is developed and the PMG model variables are expressed in the dq-rotor reference frame. The output voltage and frequency from DDPMG is varied according to the speed of wind velocity. In order to obtain a desired voltage and frequency irrespective of wind velocity, the PMG is coupled with ZSI. The power conversion efficiency of ZSI is appreciably improved because of the traditional three-stage conversion system consisting of rectifier, boost chopper and inverter. The proposed two-stage conversion system comprises of rectifier and ZSI. The overall WECS of both proposed and conventional system are modelled in MATLAB...

Modelling and Simulation of Wind Turbine Driven Axial Type Permanent Magnet Generator with Z-source Inverter

This paper presents the modelling of direct driven permanent magnet generator (DDPMG) with Z-source inverter (ZSI) for wind turbine application. Direct drive wind energy conversion systems (WECS) based on permanent magnet generator (PMG) have some advantages such as no gearbox, high power density, high precision and ease of control. To show its effectiveness, a mathematical model of a PMG is developed and the PMG model variables are expressed in the dq-rotor reference frame. The output voltage and frequency from DDPMG is varied according to the speed of wind velocity. In order to obtain a desired voltage and frequency irrespective of wind velocity, the PMG is coupled with ZSI. The power conversion efficiency of ZSI is appreciably improved because of the traditional three-stage conversion system consisting of rectifier, boost chopper and inverter. The proposed two-stage conversion system comprises of rectifier and ZSI. The overall WECS of both proposed and conventional system are modelled in MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Their performance are analysed for various values of wind velocity and different loading conditions. Finally the input total harmonics distortion (THD), output THD and efficiency of the proposed system are compared with conventional WECS.

Direct driven wind energy conversion system based on hybrid excitation synchronous machine

A novel direct-drive type wind power generation system based on hybrid excitation synchronous machine (HESM) is introduced in this paper. The generator is connected to an uncontrollable rectifier, and a fully controlled voltage-source inverter is used to connect the system to utility grid. An intermediate DC bus exists between the rectifier and inverter. A new control strategy is proposed which achieves the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) with the control of excitation current of HESM and stabilizes the DC link voltage with the control of inverter output current simultaneously. Specially-designed buck circuit is used to control the excitation current of HESM, and grid voltage-oriented vector control strategy is employed to realize the decoupling of the inverter output power. Simulation results and experiment in 3 kW lab prototype show an excellent static and dynamic performance of the proposed system.