Drink Industry Research Articles

Analysis of Wastewater Treatment Efficiency in a Soft Drinks Industry

During manufacturing processes, most industrial plants generate wastewater which could become harmful to the environment. Discharge of untreated or improperly treated industrial wastewaters into surface water could, in fact, lead to deterioration of the receiving water body's quality. This paper concerns wastewater treatment solutions used in the soft drink production industry: wastewater treatment plant effectiveness analysis was determined in terms of basic pollution indicators, such as BOD, COD, TSS and variable pH. Initially, the performance of mechanic-biological systems for the treatment of wastewater from a specific beverages production process was studied in different periods, due to wastewater flow fluctuation. The study then showed the positive effects on treatment of wastewater augmentation by methanol, nitrogen and phosphorus salts dosed into it during the treatment process. Results confirm that after implemented modification (methanol, nitrogen and phosphorus additions) pollution removal occurs mostly with higher efficiency.

A new data envelopment analysis model for evaluating the performance of expert systems in supply chain management

In supply chain management (SCM), the company that evaluates expert systems (ES) has competitive advantage over competitors. Performance evaluation of the ES in SCM is a significant yet complex task which requires careful consideration of various performance criteria. Therefore, evaluation of the performance of ES in SCM is an important issue and it has a strategic significance for every company. One of the techniques that can be used for evaluation of the performance of ES is data envelopment analysis (DEA). In the current study, we introduce a novel model for evaluating the performance of ES in SCM using new range adjusted measure (RAM) model in the existence of dual-role factor and stochastic data. We present a case study in SCM of a drink industry in Iran.

A new data envelopment analysis model for evaluating the performance of expert systems in supply chain management

In supply chain management (SCM), the company that evaluates expert systems (ES) has competitive advantage over competitors. Performance evaluation of the ES in SCM is a significant yet complex task which requires careful consideration of various performance criteria. Therefore, evaluation of the performance of ES in SCM is an important issue and it has a strategic significance for every company. One of the techniques that can be used for evaluation of the performance of ES is data envelopment analysis (DEA). In the current study, we introduce a novel model for evaluating the performance of ES in SCM using new range adjusted measure (RAM) model in the existence of dual-role factor and stochastic data. We present a case study in SCM of a drink industry in Iran.

The impact of sugared drink taxation and industry response

The impact of sugared drink taxation and industry response

A Study on Consumer Perception on Malted Health Food Drinks in Udaipur City

Healthy living is prime concern of today’s society. Many studies show that people are adopting health related changes in their eating habits. These changes create a new opportunity in food and drink industry. This is the reason health drink industry emerged as the most popular and growing segment of overall soft drinks industry in the world. As compared to the other food supplement health drinks stands the top in position, because these drinks have no side effects. There is enormous competition in between various international brands of health food drink companies. They are coming with new products and strategies. Malted health food drink is among best substitute of a complete food. India, the world’s largest malt bases drinks market accounts for 22% of the world’s retail volume sales. These drinks are traditionally consumed as milk substitutes and also available in mixed with water and marketed as nutritious drinks mainly consumed by the old, the young and the sick persons. Malt is germinated cereal grains that have been dried in a process known as malting. The grains are made to germinate by soaking in water, and are then halted from germinating further by drying with hot air. This paper is designed is such a way where perception of consumers about malted health food drinks are not only explained in details but also tested through proper application of statistical tools.

Analisis Brand Equity Pocari Sweat Dalam Persaingan Industri Minuman (Studi Kasus: Mahasiswa di Bogor)

<em>Isotonic drink is a new kind of product in Indonesian consumer goods. This kind of product entered Indonesian market in mid-80s. However, isotonic drink industry is growing up along with the increase of people’s welfare and awareness of body health. One of isotonic drinks marketed in Indonesia is Pocari Sweat, produced by PT Amerta Indah Otsuka, which is the market leader in Indonesian isotonic drink industry. High level of competition put more burdens on the producer. PT Amerta has to ensure that Pocari Sweat get a strong position on consumers’ minds. The objective of this research is to analyze Pocari Sweat’s brand equity. It covers several elements: brand awareness, brand association, brand’s perceived quality and brand loyalty. In order to see the overall competition among isotonic drinks, this research also involves several other brands such as ProSweat, Mizone, Aqua, and Coca-Cola. This research is conducted in three universities in Bogor; Bogor Institute of Agriculture (Institut Pertanian Bogor), Pakuan University and Ibnu Khaldun University. The result shows that in the element of brand awareness, Pocari Sweat is the most memorized brand. The association of brand image in brand association element shows that Pocari Sweat has two brand images: safe for health and fresh taste to kill thirst. Analysis on perceived quality with biplot method shows that Pocari Sweat has several attributive characteristics namely benefit, safe for health, eliminates dehydration and recharge stamina. Meanwhile, analysis in brand loyalty shows that Pocari Sweat doesn’t have a strong brand loyalty yet.</em>

Industrial water demand for agro-processing and beverage industries in Rwanda

Abstract Background Water play important role in industrial operation of food processing, such ingredient of the product, operation of equipment such as boilers, cooling towers, cleaning purposes to ensure a sufficient level of hygiene and food safety etc. Rwanda is rapidly developing and this development is associated with increase in population, urbanization, industrialization, modification of agricultural practices including rise in area of irrigated land etc. All these could cause increase in water uses and modification of water demand. Assessing future water demand of the country requires the understanding of specific water demand of different sectors mentioned above and its variation within those sectors. Growth of industrial sector is expected to rise in Rwanda especially because of the created enabling environment; this of cause will cause the rise in industrial water demand. In order to understand industrial water demand and be able to project it for the future it is necessary to know specific water demand of different type of industries in the country. However, there is no published evidence of this information country wide. It is therefore necessary to conduct industrial water demand assessment in the country. The main of this study is to quantify industrial water demand for different types of industries in Rwanda. Methods The data used for this study were obtained from records of various food processing industries and breweries, interviews and from relevant organizations such as Rwanda Development Board (RDB), Water and Sanitation Corporation (WASAC), Ministry of Trade (MINICOM), and National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR). Specific water demand for various products was estimated taking into consideration the amount of water used and quantity of product produced. Correlation method in MATHLAB was used to determine the relationship between water used and production. Results and discussion The results show that industrial water used for some industrial production in Rwanda is within the recommend limit example maize flour 2m3/ton and breweries such as beer production industry 4 to 4.5 m3/m3 and carbonate soft drink industries 4m3/m3, as against internationally recommended water of 2m3/ton, and 6.5 m3/m3 respectively. However water uses for of the following, Sugar making industry 29/m3/t, Meat processing industry 5/m3/t and Tomato paste production industry 6 m3/ton exceeded the internationally recommended which are 25/m3/t, 2/m3/t, 3.58 m3/ton. Tomato Paste production industry shown strong relationship because as water demand is increasing also production is increasing. Thus from this linear model, about 98% of the variation in water demand can be explained by variation of tomato paste production due to high relationship between water demand and tomato paste production. Conclusions The quantity of water consumption differs between types of industries. It was revealed that the brewing industries uses more water than any other kind of industries in Rwanda this could related the amount of production and demand for the product. There is wide difference in specific water consumption between various industries. Brewery industries in Rwanda have shown best practice of water demand with specific water demand of 4 to 4.5 m3/m3 of final product in which is less than the global bench mark of 6.5 m3/m3. Improvements need to be made in order to achieve the recommended best practice of three cubic meters of raw water for every cubic meter of carbonate soft drinks and four cubic meters of raw water for every cubic meter of beer produced.

Vertical Contract That Reference Rivals

We study two vertical constraints on pricing which have received little study. A vertical MFN (“VMFN”) refers to an MFN on retail prices that is sought by an upstream manufacturer. A vertical margin constraint (“VMC”) refers to a requirement that the margin earned by a retailer on a manufacturer’s product not exceed what the retailer earns on a rival manufacturer’s product. Vertical agreements containing these constraints are found in the soft drink and cigarette industries. We study these vertical constraints in the context of two asymmetric manufacturers. In this setting, only the larger manufacturer uses the VMFN. We characterize pure and mixed strategy equilibria and find, as have others, that the VMFN raises prices, relative to a benchmark case. The VMFN harms the retailer and the small manufacturer, helping the larger manufacturer. This can lead to foreclosure of the small manufacturer. The VMC has opposite effects, leading to lower prices and higher retailer profits than in the benchmark case. It requires pre-commitment by the retailer in order to be used.

Alcohol policy and public health

SummaryAlcohol is the most commonly used recreational drug in the world and the third leading cause of preventable death. Alcohol consumption and alcohol problems have increased steadily over the past six decades. Methods likely to reduce alcohol problems (e.g. minimum pricing, restricting licensing hours and increasing the availability of alcohol treatment) tend not to be supported by the drinks industry. Methods favoured by the industry (e.g. public education, industry self-regulation and product warning labelling) are less effective or do not work. The recent history of alcohol policy clearly demonstrates how the financial power of industry can influence governments and undermine effective public health measures, for instance by lobbying, political donations, confusion marketing and creating fnancial vested interests by grants from industry-sponsored 'social aspect organisations'.

Econometric and comparative risk assessment scenario modelling of the proposed UK sugary drink tax on health

BackgroundIn March, 2016, the UK Chancellor of the Exchequer announced a two-tier industry levy on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). Both the response from soft drink companies and the details of the legislation are uncertain. For example, companies might react by reformulating products, passing on the price change to consumers, or introducing new products and changing marketing strategy. We aimed to estimate the effect of possible industry responses on incidence of diabetes, obesity, and dental caries to inform design and implementation of the legislation. MethodsWe modelled the effects of an SSB price change, product reformulation, and a change in market share between high-sugar, mid-sugar, and low-sugar drinks. Routine data were identified on SSB consumption, expenditure, and waste, population height and weight, diabetes incidence, and dental caries. UK-specific own and cross-price elasticity data were estimated to model the effect of the tax on SSB purchases. A comparative risk assessment model was developed using published estimates of the association between SSB consumption and disease in adults and children. FindingsAn SSB price change resulting from the tax could result in 82 000 (95% CI 4000 to 183 000) fewer obese adults and children, 11 000 (4000 to 19 000) fewer cases of diabetes per year, and 149 000 (45 000 to 262 000) fewer decayed, missing, or filled teeth annually. Reformulation could result in 144 000 (5 000 to 307 000) fewer obese individuals, a fall in 19 000 (7 000 to 33 000) cases of diabetes, and 269 000 (82 000 to 471 000) fewer decayed, missing, or filled teeth. Change in market share between SSBs and diet soft drinks could lead to a 122 000 (5000 to 276 000) fall in the obese population, 16 000 (6000 to 29 000) fewer cases of diabetes, and 224 000 (65 000 to 412 000) fewer decayed, missing, or filled teeth. The greatest benefit for obesity and oral health would be among individuals under 18 years old, with people over 65 years old experiencing the largest decreases in incidence of diabetes. InterpretationHow the soft drink industry implements the SSB levy could have substantial impacts on the health benefits of the policy. These data could be used to help inform the Government's consultation and maximise health impact. FundingADMB is funded by the Wellcome Trust (grant number 102730/Z/13/Z). OTM is supported by a Wellcome Trust clinical doctoral fellowship. PS is funded by the British Heart Foundation (grant number FS/15/34/31656).

Nutritional and Phytochemical Content of High-Protein Crops.

Sustainable sources of high-protein plants could help meet future protein requirements. Buckwheat, green pea, fava bean, hemp, and lupin were analyzed by proximate analysis and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to determine their macro- and micronutrient contents, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to elucidate the phytochemical profiles. The protein contents ranged from 20 to 43% (w/w), and all samples were found to be rich in insoluble fiber: 9-25% (w/w). The selected crops had a favorable micronutrient profile, with phosphorus levels ranging from 2.22 ± 0.05 to 9.72 ± 0.41 g kg-1, while iron levels ranged from 20.23 ± 0.86 to 69.57 ± 7.43 mg kg-1. The crops contained substantial amounts of phytophenolic compounds. In particular, buckwheat was a rich source of pelargonidin (748.17 ± 75.55 mg kg-1), epicatechin (184.1 ± 33.2 mg kg-1), quercetin (35.66 ± 2.22 mg kg-1), caffeic acid (41.74 ± 22.54 mg kg-1), and 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (63.64 ± 36.16 mg kg-1); hemp contained p-coumaric acid (84.02 ± 8.10 mg kg-1), cyanidin (58.43 ± 21.01 mg kg-1), protocatechualdehyde (34.77 ± 5.15 mg kg-1), and gentisic acid (31.20 ± 1.67 mg kg-1); and fava bean was the richest source of ferulic acid (229.51 ± 36.58 mg kg-1) and its 5-5' (39.99 ± 1.10 mg kg-1) and 8-5 dimers (58.17 ± 6.68 mg kg-1). Demonstrating that these crops are rich sources of protein, fiber, and phytochemicals could encourage higher consumption and utilization of them as healthy and sustainable ingredients in the food and drink industry.

Performance of several Saccharomyces strains for the alcoholic fermentation of sugar-sweetened high-strength wastewaters: Comparative analysis and kinetic modelling

This work focuses on the performance of ten commercial Saccharomyces yeast strains in the batch alcoholic fermentation of sugars contained in selected industrial wastewaters from the soft drink industry. Fermentation has been applied successfully to treat these effluents prior to their disposal. Although many strains were investigated, similar behaviour was observed between all of the Saccharomyces strains tested. When media were inoculated with 2gL−1 of yeast, all strains were able to completely consume the available sugars in less than 14h. Thus, any of the strains studied in this work could be used in non-conventional wastewater treatment processes based on alcoholic fermentation. However, ethanol production varied between strains, and these differences could be significant from a production point of view. Saccharomyces bayanus produced the most ethanol, with a mean yield of 0.44gethanolgsugarconsumed−1 and an ethanol specific production rate of 5.96gethanol (Lh)−1. As the assayed soft drinks wastewaters contain about 105gsugar/L of fermentable sugars, the concentration of ethanol achieved after the fermentations process was 46.2gethanol/L. A rigorous kinetic modelling methodology was used to model the Saccharomyces bayanus fermentation process. The kinetic model included coupled mass balances and a minimal number of parameters. A simple unstructured model based on the Andrews equation (substrate inhibition) was developed. This model satisfactorily described biomass growth, sugar consumption and bioethanol production. In addition to providing insights into the fermentative performance of potentially relevant strains, this work can facilitate the design of large-scale ethanol production processes that use wastewaters from the sugar-sweetened beverage industry as feedstock.

The Transaction Footprints of Scottish Food And Drink SMEs

Abstract This paper presents a survey approach to measuring the “transaction footprints” of rural small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). Combined with a graphical presentation of results, this contributes to the evidence base on the roles of local and global linkages. Findings suggest that the food and drink industry of Scotland is relatively localised in its input and sales interaction pattern, although substantial variations, associated with product specialisms, remoteness/accessibility, input purchasing and marketing strategies, exist. Localised SMEs have weathered the recession slightly better, but more outward-looking in firms tend to have greater optimism about the future. Transaction footprint analysis should be viewed as component of an ongoing process of re-mapping the network infrastructure of the rural economy, alongside analysis of untraded interdependencies, and institutional networks in the realm of governance.

Why media representations of corporations matter for public health policy: a scoping review

BackgroundMedia representations play a crucial role in informing public and policy opinions about the causes of, and solutions to, ill-health. This paper reviews studies analysing media coverage of non-communicable disease (NCD) debates, focusing on how the industries marketing commodities that increase NCD risk are represented.MethodsA scoping review identified 61 studies providing information on media representations of NCD risks, NCD policies and tobacco, alcohol, processed food and soft drinks industries. The data were narratively synthesized to describe the sample, media depictions of industries, and corporate and public health attempts to frame the media debates.ResultsThe findings indicate that: (i) the limited research that has been undertaken is dominated by a focus on tobacco; (ii) comparative research across industries/risk-factors is particularly lacking; and (iii) coverage tends to be dominated by two contrasting frames and focuses either on individual responsibilities (‘market justice’ frames, often promoted by commercial stakeholders) or on the need for population-level interventions (‘social justice’ frames, frequently advanced by public health advocates).ConclusionsEstablishing the underlying frameworks is crucial for the analysis of media representation of corporations, as they reflect the strategies that respective actors use to influence public health debates and decision making. The potential utility of media research lies in the insights that it can provide for public health policy advocates about successful framing of public health messages and strategies to counter frames that undermine public health goals. A better understanding of current media debates is of paramount importance to improving global health.

Food for thought? Potential conflicts of interest in academic experts advising government and charities on dietary policies.

BackgroundA conflict of interest (CoI) can occur between public duty and private interest, in which a public official’s private-capacity interest could improperly influence the performance of their official duties and responsibilities.The most tangible and commonly considered CoI are financial. However, CoI can also arise due to other types of influence including interpersonal relationships, career progression, or ideology. CoI thus exist in academia, business, government and non-governmental organisations.However, public knowledge of CoI is currently limited due to a lack of information. The mechanisms of managing potential conflicts of interest also remain unclear due to a lack of guidelines.We therefore examined the independence of academic experts and how well potential CoI are identified and addressed in four government and non-governmental organisations in the UK responsible for the development of food policy.MethodsPolicy analysis. We developed an analytical framework to explore CoI in high-level UK food policy advice, using four case studies. Two government policy-making bodies: Department of Health ‘Obesity Review Group’ (ORG), ‘Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition’ (SACN) and two charities: ‘Action on Sugar’ (AoS), & ‘Heart of Mersey’ (HoM).Information was obtained from publicly available sources and declarations. We developed a five point ordinal scale based upon the ideology of the Nolan Principles of Public Life. Group members were individually categorised on the ordinal ConScale from “0”, (complete independence from the food and drink industry) to “4”, (employed by the food and drink industry or a representative organisation).ResultsCoI involving various industries have long been evident in policy making, academia and clinical practice. Suggested approaches for managing CoI could be categorised as “deny”, “describe”, or “diminish”.Declared CoI were common in the ORG and SACN. 4 out of 28 ORG members were direct industry employees. In SACN 11 out of 17 members declared industry advisory roles or industry research funding. The two charities appeared to have equally strong academic expertise but fewer conflicts. No HoM members declared CoI. 5 out of 21 AoS members declared links with industry, mainly pharmaceutical companies. We were unable to obtain information on conflicts for some individuals.ConclusionsConflicts of interest are unavoidable but potentially manageable.Government organisations responsible for policy development and implementation must institutionalize an approach to identify (disclose) and manage (mitigate or eliminate) perceived and actual CoI to improve public confidence in government decision-making relevant to food policy.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3393-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Hyper Production of Β‐Galactosidase From Newly Isolated Strain of Aspergillus nidulans

AbstractSeveral Aspergillus species were isolated from soil samples collected from local dairy farms and screened for the production of β‐galactosidase. The potent isolate was identified as Aspergillus nidulans on the basis of microscopic and phenotypic characteristics. The production of β‐galactosidase from A. nidulans was optimized in batch fermentation using one‐variable‐at‐a‐time approach. Evaluation of process parameters indicated that A. nidulans produced high titer of β‐galactosidase at 35°C after 10.0 days of fermentation. It was found that A. nidulans is capable of releasing 60.0 U mg−1 of β‐galactosidase at pH 3.0. Among various carbon sources xylose (0.5%) showed maximum enzyme production. Glucose (1.0%), tri‐sodium citrate (0.7%), and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.3%) indicated positive affect by inducing the culture for maximum synthesis of β‐galactosidase. Various organic and inorganic nitrogen sources were also tested and it was noticed that peptone (0.5%), yeast extract (0.5%), ammonium sulfate (0.2%), and ammonium nitrate (0.2%) improved the production of β‐galactosidase. These results suggested the feasibility of A. nidulans for the large scale production of β‐galactosidase.Practical ApplicationsBeta galactosidase has potential applications in food processing industry and enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose is best process as compared to high temperature and acids treatment as it retains maximum quality of product. This enzyme is used to obtain the hydrolyzed lactose from milk and milk whey for utilization in bakery products, animal feeds and as a sugar source for several fermentation products. This enzyme is also used in ice creams and condensed dairy products to avoid lactose crystallization. The syrup produced by lactose conversion using enzyme hydrolysis is used in dairy and soft drink industries. In pharmaceutical industry, it is used to produce lactose‐free milk for lactose intolerant consumers who are unable to digest the milk lactose.

The Consumption, Production and Regulation of Alcohol in the UK: The Relevance of the Ambivalence of the Carnivalesque

Alcohol consumption in 21st-century Britain is of significant interest to government, media and academics. Some have referred to a ‘new culture of intoxication’ or ‘calculated hedonism’, fostered by the drinks industry, and enabled by a neoliberal policymaking context. This article argues that the ‘carnivalesque’ is a better concept through which to understand alcohol’s place in British society today. The concept of the carnivalesque conveys an earthy yet extraordinary culture of drinking, as well as ritual elements with a lack of comfort and security that characterise the night-time economy for many people. This night-time carnival, as well as being something experienced by participants, is also a spectacle, with gendered and classed dynamics. It is suggested that this concept is helpful in making sense of common understandings of alcohol that run through the spheres not only of alcohol consumption but also production and regulation.

Microbiological Quality and Safety of Energy Drink Available in the Local Markets in Saudi Arabia

Energy drinks have become a popular beverage worldwide. The global market for energy drink has gained momentum in the past decade, and demand is increasing every year. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality and safety of commercial energy drinks available in the local stores in Saudi Arabia. Total bacterial count, coliform, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus were included in this analysis. Out of a total of 20 tested energy drinks, microbial con- tamination was present in only two products. Microbial levels of the total bacterial count for most of the samples were very low (< 1.0 log CFU/ml). The initial biochemical analysis from these two samples indicated the presence of Bacillus which is common spoilage bacteria in soft drinks showed bacterial contamination. In addition, we also tested the impact of energy drinks on beneficial microorganisms ( Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus spp). We found that in all tested energy drinks bacte- rial population decreased by at least 4.0 log CFU/ml indicating the negative effects of drinks on the survival of beneficial microorganisms. Our findings suggested that safety improvements are needed in these energy drinks. Moreover, consumers also need to be educated regarding the impact of various ingredients, their safety, and recommendation regarding the use of these drinks. This will help to ensure safe products available for today's savvy, health-conscious consumer. Thus, the proposed methodology could be useful for quality and safety control purposes in the energy drinks industry.

Tobacco, Alcohol, and Processed Food Industries - Why Do Public Health Practitioners View Them So Differently?

Tobacco, Alcohol, and Processed Food Industries - Why Do Public Health Practitioners View Them So Differently?

Eco-friendly process for soft drink industries wastewater reuse as growth medium for Saccharomyces cerevisiae production

Soft drink industries suffer inadequate handling of their product losses generally considered as wastes. Those products contribute to the wastewater organic load augmentation and cause fastidious environmental impact. In this study, an industrial scale bioconversion process based on multistage fermentation was proposed to treat and reuse soft drink factories’ high-loaded effluents for valuable components production. An upstream segregation of non-consumed beverage was performed to reduce the organic load of the soft drink wastewater. Beverage characterization revealed an important sugar content. Such an organic compound is undoubtedly responsible of the high organic load of soft drink wastewater. Thus, the bioconversion of the sugar content of soft drink waste to single-cell proteins was proposed as a solution to reduce wastewater polluting load. Soft drink wastewater including rejected and returned products was tested to be used as a substrate for yeast biomass production using a commercial yeast strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The effect of nutrient supplementation and the initial sugar concentration effect in culture media on the biomass production were investigated using batch and fed-batch process. Results indicated that supplementation is necessary for successful fermentation. Juices and nectars gave better sugar-biomass conversion yields (0.38–0.45 g g−1). Depletion of the sugar contained in the soft drinks exceeded 96 % for all fermented media. Fed-batch culture revealed a biomass concentration improvement reaching 9.16 g L−1 compared to batch biomass concentration resulting from batch cultures (5.2 g L−1). The proposed process was shown to enable beverage industries to reduce water pollution generation through an on-site segregation procedure and a storage system to valorize product losses as source medium for single-cell protein production.