Dried Beet Pulp Research Articles

Relative Milk Production Value of Barley, Dried Beet Pulp, Molasses Dried Beet Pulp, and Concentrated Steffen Filtrate Dried Beet Pulp

Summary Concentrated Steffen nitrate (CSF) is a by-product of beet sugar manufacture which may be added to beet pulp. A study was conducted to compare the feeding value of CSF dried beet pulp with plain and molasses dried beet pulp. Each of the three types of beet pulp was fully equal to barley in the replacement of approximately 25% of the energy of a basal ration consisting of 70% alfalfa hay and 30% barley.

Further Experiments with Sodium Bisulfite as a Preservative for Grass Silage

Results of Experiment 1 were as follows: Prebloom alfalfa, ensiled wilted or unwilted without preservative, produced poor quality silage with large losses of digestible nutrients. The same crop ensiled unwilted with 8 lb. sodium metabisulfite per ton produced silage of excellent color, odor and feeding value, with greatly increased retention of digestible nutrients. One-tenth bloom alfalfa was equally well preserved, from the standpoint of nutrient loss, when ensiled wilted or treated with metabisulfite. The bisulfite treated silage, however, was superior in color and odor, and analysis indicated a more desirable type of fermentation. The untreated, unwilted silage made from this crop was inferior with respect to both quality and nutrient losses. Addition of both bisulfite and either dried beet pulp or ground corn cobs to this early bloom alfalfa reduced nutrient losses from the silo, and increased the feeding value of the silage. Full-bloom alfalfa was considerably lower in feeding value than the two earlier cuttings, and when ensiled unwilted showed little benefit from the use of bisulfite over no preservative. Top spoilage was excessive in the wilted silage made from this crop. The results of Experiment 2 were as follows: First cutting alfalfa ensiled in five 5' × 20' wood stave silos was treated with 0, 5, 8, 12, and 18 lb. of sodium metabisulfite per ton of fresh forage. All treated silages were superior to the untreated silage with respect to color, odor, and retention of digestible nutrients; however no improvement was noted as the rate of application was increased above 5 lb. per ton, and palatability was impaired slightly at the 18 lb. per ton level.

Isolation and Identification of α-Spinasterol and α-Spinasteryl D-Glucoside from Sugar Beet Pulp

A sterol and a steryl glucoside were isolated from dried beet pulp. The sterol was identified with α-spinasterol, the glucoside possessed chemical and physical properties such as follows: The molecular formula C35H58O6, m.p. 292°, [ α]19D-34.1°, acetate; m.p. 168°, benzoate; m.p. 175-177°, and positive for Molish and Lieber-mann-Burchard reactions. When it was hydrolyzed with 1% sulfuric acid, the crystal of α-spinasterol and D-glucose detectable by paper chromatography were obtained. These results gave evidence that the glucoside was in question to be α-spinasteryl D-glucoside.

Substitutes for Fluid Milk in Feeding Dairy Calves

Summary Studies involving 185 Holstein calves were carried out to formulate substitute mixtures which would satisfactorily replace fluid whole milk in the ration of dairy calves after 10 to 14 days of age. Approximately normal rates of growth were obtained with mixtures containing large amounts of dried milk solids. In general, however, calves raised on the substitutes were rather rougher in appearance from the third to the seventh week of age than calves fed whole milk. As an average, the rates of growth were somewhat slower on the substitutes during the first month than on milk, but the differences largely were overcome by the time the calves were 4 to 6 mo. of age. Mixtures containing 20 per cent of high-fat soya flour, or dried beet pulp, or as much as 60 per cent of dried whey resulted in slower growth rates and more digestive disturbances than the other mixtures studied. Banana meal and apple pomace appeared to reduce the incidence of scours; however, all of the mixtures studied caused more diarrhea than fluid whole milk. In limited digestion studies, dried whey, glucose and sucrose appeared to be highly digestible for the young calf, whereas corn starch and banana meal were less available.

Breeding Behavior, Spermatogenesis, and Semen Production of Mature Dairy Bulls Fed Rations Low in Carotene

Summary and Conclusions Six dairy bulls were fed dry roughages low in carotene and a concentrate deficient in carotene and vitamin A for a period of 16 months without inducing clinical manifestations of vitamin A deficiency or noticeable impairment of semen production. Subsequent changes in the roughage component of the ration of three of the bulls from hay and/or straw to dried beet pulp plus the same concentrate mixture resulted in the development of incoordination, edema of the extremities, papillary hemorrhage, a gradual increase in the per cent of abnormal spermatozoa and a decrease in the per cent of motile spermatozoa, but no consistent change in the number of spermatozoa per milliliter of semen within a period of 40 to 120 days. These three bulls were unable to mount but still retained an unusual amount of libido. This inability to mount was manifested before the changes in semen production. Typical patterns of degeneration of the germinal epithelium of the seminiferous tubules were found in the three bulls on the carotene-deficient rations. There were few spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids or maturing spermatozoa in the lumen of the tubules. While supplementing the carotene-deficient ration of the other three bulls with carotene in oil prevented the degeneration of the germinal epithelium which characterized those hulls not receiving the supplement of carotene in oil, it produced no consistent changes in semen production which reasonably could be attributed to the carotene. Liver carotene and vitamin A levels of the carotene-deficient bulls were of the order of 30 to 50 γ and 5 to 13 γ per g. of fresh liver, respectively.

The Effect of Fat Upon the Digestion of Nutrients by Dairy Cows

Digestion studies were conducted comparing the effects of different levels and different sources of fat upon the apparent digestibility of nutrients in the rations of dairy cows. The differences in fat intake were obtained by using concentrates of different ether-extract content. Timothy hay and dried beet pulp were also fed. There was no difference in the apparent digestibility of rations containing 1.6 and 2.6 per cent ether extract. The difference in fat level of these two rations was obtained by using concentrate mixtures containing 1.8 and 4.4 per cent ether extract. Using soybean products as the sole concentrates, rations containing 1.0 and 7.0 per cent of ether extract were studied. The crude fiber and nitrogen-free extract of rations containing soybeans and solvent-extracted soybean meal plus corn or soybean oil were less digestible than the crude fiber and nitrogen-free extract of rations containing solvent-extracted soybean meal. The ether extract of rations containing soybean meal plus oil or plus fatty acids was more digestible than the ether extract of a ration containing soybeans. Although protein digestibility was lowest on the soybean ration and highest on the ration containing soybean meal plus fatty acids, the significance of the difference in protein digestibility was questionable. The ration containing soybeans caused a marked increase in fat percentage with practically no change in milk flow. The rations containing either oil or fatty acids caused a pronounced decrease in milk flow with little change in fat percentage. The production of milk fat and fat-corrected milk, bore no consistent relation to the actual intakes of ether extract and total digestible nutrients.

The Effect of Feeding Mangels or Dried Beet Pulp to Cows on the Development of Oxidized Flavor in Milk

The Effect of Feeding Mangels or Dried Beet Pulp to Cows on the Development of Oxidized Flavor in Milk

Wet versus Dry Beet Pulp for Milk Production

Summary In a reversal experiment consisting of three 10-week trials, the relative feeding value of wet and dry beet pulp for milk and butterfat production was determined. Eight cows were used in each of the first two trials and ten cows were used in the third trial. During each trial the cows were divided into two equal groups. One group received wet beet pulp while the other group received dry pulp. The groups were reversed at the end of the first five weeks. The total milk and butterfat production was slightly higher for the cows while receiving dry pulp. The 26 cows produced 23,369.7 pounds of milk and 760.03 pounds of butterfat while being fed dry pulp, as compared with 23,307.0 pounds of milk and 747.80 pounds of butterfat while receiving the wet pulp. The average daily production per cow while receiving dry pulp was 32.10 pounds of milk and 1.044 pounds of butterfat, as compared with 32.01 pounds of milk and 1.027 pounds of butterfat while receiving the wet pulp. The butterfat percentage was slightly higher while the cows were receiving dry pulp. The average butterfat percentage was 3.25 while on dry pulp, and 3.21 while on wet pulp. Seventeen of the 26 cows tested higher while receiving dry pulp, one cow tested the same on both wet and dry pulp, and eight cows tested higher while receiving the wet pulp. The cows consumed slightly more water while receiving wet pulp. The average daily water consumption per cow was 104.2 pounds on wet pulp, and 102.3 pounds on dry pulp. The average gain in body weight was slightly greater for the cows receiving dry pulp. The average gain per cow was 14.3 pounds while receiving the dry pulp, and 8.9 pounds while receiving the wet pulp. It was found from an average of several feedings that more than twice as much time was required for preparing and feeding a group of five cows wet pulp as was required for feeding the same number of cows dry pulp.

The value of dried sugar-beet pulp and molasses-sugar beet pulp in the nutrition of swine

The results of an investigation into the utilisation of sugar-beet pulp by ruminant animals were brought forward in a recent publication (I). It was demonstrated that sugar-beet pulp is highly digestible when consumed by ruminants. In respect of the digestibility of its N-free extractives and total organic matter, it compares very satisfactorily with maize meal. The process of drying the wet beet pulp in the factory does not depress its digestibility. Further, from the standpoint of digestibility, it is immaterial whether sugar-beet pulp is included in the rations of ruminants in the dry or the soaked condition. When, however, liberal allowances of the dried product are being fed to animals, it is desirable that the food should be well softened in water before feeding. This procedure ensures a higher availability of the digestible nutrients for productive purposes in the animal and also averts risk of choking trouble which sometimes arises, especially with sheep and lambs, during consumption of the dried beet pulp.

Sugar-beet pulp as a source of pectin

It has been shown that dried sugar-beet pulp contains a high percentage of pectose. A number of successive digestions of 1 hour each with 0·5 per cent. ammonium oxalate at 100° C. extracts an amount of pectin equal to 34·5 per cent. of the weight of dried beet pulp, basing the determination on the weight of crude pectin precipitated when the extracts are run into 95 per cent. alcohol. A single prolonged digestion gives a yield of crude pectin equal to 32·2 per cent. of the dried beet pulp.Digestion with acidic reagents, such as 0·5 per cent. oxalic acid, 0·6 per cent. tartaric acid, N/20 hydrochloric acid, etc., leads to a quicker extraction of pectin, owing to a speeding up of the pectose to pectin hydrolysis. The yield of pectin, however, is not thereby necessarily enhanced, since under such conditions the pectin undergoes a slow secondary hydrolysis during the extraction with the formation of reducing substances not precipitated by alcohol.Prolonged digestion at 100· C. of dried sugar-beet pulp with water alone also leads to a satisfactory extraction of pectin.