Drainage Capability Research Articles

Investigation on the drainage condition within the ballast layer based on 3D CFD simulations

Drainage capability is vital to the performance of ballasted railway tracks. Over the decades, many efforts have been made to develop practical ballast maintenance methods to improve the ballast drainage capability. Although some researchers have attempted to quantify the drainage improvement after a specific maintenance activity, the flow within the ballast lacks thorough understanding. In the study, the effect of five different maintenance activities and the presence of the crosstie on ballast drainage are studied and compared through three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The five maintenance activities are Cribbing All, Cribbing Interval, Scarifying, Shoulder Cleaning, and Combination. The cleaning profiles of different maintenance activities are based on field practices. The properties of the fouled ballast are derived from the field-collected fouled ballast permeability data to ensure the fidelity of the simulations. Lateral Flow Rate (LaFR) and Longitudinal Flow Rate (LoFR) are introduced to uncover the flow within the ballast layer in both lateral (along with the crosstie) and longitudinal (along with the track) directions. The results suggest that the five maintenance activities affect internal flow characteristics differently. The drainage path within the ballast layer is sensitive to the cleaned volume, and the area, especially the shoulder region is essential for drainage improvement.

Delineation and Prioritisation of Groundwater Recharge Areas in the State of Tamil Nadu using Geographical Information System

Delineation and prioritisation of suitable areas for artificial groundwater recharging (AGR) in the state of Tamil Nadu was carried out in the present study. Soil properties namely, soil drainage and land capability class, and geology of the aquifer were identified as spatial parameters that influence the AGR. Weights of 25, 25, and 50% were given to the soil drainage, land capability class, and geology of the aquifer, respectively. Variability within a specific theme was considered by assigning appropriate score to the subtheme. The depth of water table, in addition to soil drainage and land capability class, and geology of the aquifer, was used to decide the priority area of the AGR. Prioritised areas were divided into different rainfall zones as priority first (PR1) and priority second (PR2), which was found to be 14.29% and 38.18% of total area of the state, respectively. Considering bi-modal nature of rainfall in Tamil Nadu, the estimated numbers of percolation pond and check dam were worked out as 6,118 and 15,730 for PR1 areas; while numbers of percolation pond and check dam were worked out as 16,468 and 42,350 for PR2 areas, respectively. The results of this study can help state departments to implement the AGR scheme.

Engineered Sandwich-Structured Composite Wound Dressings with Unidirectional Drainage and Anti-Adhesion Supporting Accelerated Wound Healing.

Proper management of exudate is of great clinical value for reducing wound infection and promoting wound healing, thus various dressings have been studied to address this widespread medical challenge. Herein, a novel sandwich-structured composite wound dressing (SCWD), integrating of a superlyophobic (SLO) polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer, a superlyophilic gauze layer, and a lyophobic PDMS layer is presented, with particular unidirectional droplet drainage and stable anti-adhesion capabilities, which realizes effective management of wound exudate and provides a favorable environment for wound healing. Thanks to the stable SLO property on the PDMS surface with hierarchical micro/nanostructures, the continuously accumulated wound exudate at the interface between dressing and wound surface is gradually deformed, eventually passing through SLO PDMS layer through milli-scale channels and being absorbed by gauze layer. Experimental results show that the application of SCWD can significantly reduce the occurrence of wound infection, avoid the tearing of wound tissues when replacing dressings, and accelerate wound healing by ≈20%. The combination of SCWD and lyophilized powders of stem cells supernatant (LPSCS) is verified to better accelerate the healing process. The proposed method offers great potential in clinical applications, particularly for acute trauma wound treatments.

Бесполостная дрена составного профиля, усиленная дренажной трубой

Purpose: Calculated substantiation of cavityless drain structure that provides for effective draining of poorly permeable soils. Hydraulic calculation methodology of composite profile cavityless drain, laid with a slope but without inclusion thitherwards of a drainage pipe, was developed earlier. Drainage pipe reinforces drainage capability of cavityless drain with the preservation of all its other advantages. Methods: Known differential equation of liquid filtration in a soil is used. It’s of special importance that the calculation method may be used at all modes of water movement in a drainage: laminar, transient or turbulent. The dependencies substantiated with experiments, held by Northern Scientific-Research Institute of Hydrotechnique and Melioration, were applied for transient and turbulent modes. The complex form of drainage transection is taken into account with the help of special coefficient which leads it to equivalent by area rectangular section. It’s proved that such transfer doesn’t lead to significant inaccuracy of results obtained. Results: Dependencies have been obtained allowing to calculate consumptions, flowing along drain cavityless part and along drain pipe. If drain is long, it’s feasible to divert a water periodically from it in lateral direction by collectors. Dependencies are derived which according to, the distance between intermediary collectors, whereto a water comes from drains that’re laid with a slope, and the water depth in drain cavityless part in characteristic sections are defined. Practical significance: Cavityless drainage is applied in agriculture, in the systems of engineering protection from environmental sinking and pollution. Cavityless drains of composite profile have attracted railwaymen’s attention providing effective draining of subgrade, they simultaneously increase its bearing capacity. Its application is especially effective on poorly permeable soils when laying in the zone of seasonable freezing of soils.

Flood Modelling Studies Using River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) For Flood Plain Area in Muar City

Floods are the most frequent type of natural disaster and occur when heavy precipitation for days or even weeks. Floods will cause extensive destruction, resulting in loss of life and disruption to personal property and vital infrastructure for public health. In this study, HEC-RAS model was used to identify the flood prone area and to determine cross section at floodplain area along the stream network. The study was conducted in the area Muar, Johor. The methodology involved collection of parameters such as length of stream, lateral & elevation of coordinates, streamline and flow data to perform a hydraulic simulation. Different value of flowrate had been used by using the manning equation to estimate the drainage or channel capability to manage the flowrate. The number of station for each cross section need to locate in order to simulate the cross section along the river or channel. Meanwhile, the result outcome will show the cross section for each station. From the result, the analysis of the cross sectioninclude with the affected area of floodplain was identified. According to the hydraulic model generated by HEC-RAS software, 7 of 20 stations found will be flood for the 10 years return period since they were unable to accommodate the water flow. By doingthis research, the flood model will be developed and HEC-RAS software is one of the tool that can analyse and model for the floodplain area. In a meantime, the government can control and give an early warning about the flood incident.

Static Liquefaction Causes the Flow Failure of a Tailings Dam: A Case Study of El Descargador, Cartagena–La Unión Mining Region, SE Spain (October 1963)

The aim of this work is to investigate the causes of the El Descargador tailings dam failure, at the mine district Cartagena–La Unión (SE Spain), in October 1963. Dam stability back analyses have been carried out by applying a geotechnical and geophysical approach. The failure occurred in the form of several landslides in five different points along the dam structure. The rise in the pore pressure and the steeped slopes of the tails, scaling up to 40° in some sectors, were the main causal preparatory factors. Here we propose that static liquefaction is the most plausible cause of the tailings dam flow failure. The presence of sand dikes and sand volcanoes with atypical stratigraphic architecture, both in the lagoon and at the surfaces exposed in the landslide areas, as well as the evidence of conspicuous sand fraction on the surface support the occurrence of the liquefaction processes. Major landslides were located near the drainage pipe and the flow directions were controlled by its position. Our results reveal that the liquefaction processes were triggered and aggravated by the poor drainage capability of the tailings dam structure.

Biomimetic Patch with Wicking-Breathable and Multi-mechanism Adhesion for Bioelectrical Signal Monitoring.

Wearable bioelectrical monitoring devices can provide long-term human health information such as electrocardiogram and other physiological signals. It is a crucial part of the remote medical system. These can provide prediction for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease and access to timely treatment. However, the patch comfort of the wearable monitoring devices in long-term contact with the skin have been a technical bottleneck of the hardware. In this study, the biomimetic patch with wicking-breathable and multi-mechanism adhesion performance to achieve adaptability and comfortability to human skin has been reported. The patch was designed based on a conical through-hole and hexagonal microgroove to directionally transport sweat from skin to air which gives the patch the breathable performance. The breathable and drainage capability of the biomimetic patch was experimentally verified by analyzing the conical through-hole and hexagonal microgroove with the structural mechanism of wicking. Multi-mechanism adhesion of the Ag/Ni microneedle array and PDMS-t adhesion material ensures the stability of patch signal acquisition. This study provides a new way for enhancing the breathability and adaptability of the patch to realize accurate bioelectrical signal monitoring under sweat conditions on human skin.

KW-grade unitized regenerative fuel cell stack design for high round-trip efficiencies

Unitized regenerative fuel cell (URFC) is a promising electrochemical device, which can function either in fuel cell (FC) mode or water electrolysis (WE) mode. However, few applications of kW-grade URFC stack are available due to their low round-trip efficiency. In this study, a new approach to URFC stack design is provided to break the limitations of round-trip efficiency (RTE) and output power, by introducing the concept of bifunctional flow channels for the first time. Hence, a two-phase flow model based on the volume of fluid (VOF) method for bifunctional flow channels is implemented first. It reveals that URFC suffers from the issues of water adhesion on the channel wall in FC mode and the problem of air film coverage on the GDL surface in WE mode. To address this, water volume fraction in FC mode and gas coverage fraction of GDL in WE mode are proposed as new bifunctional flow channel design index, and the optimized configuration of the bifunctional flow channel is provided to balance the drainage and exhaust capabilities. Eventually, a high power-density URFC stack is demonstrated to achieve a high RTE of 45 %, with an output power of 6.01 kW in FC mode and a power requirement of 18.16 kW in WE mode. Moreover, validation experiments show that the good bifunctional performance is since the little water/gas transport problem of the URFC at high current densities. Further sensitivity experiments of the operating conditions also show that the mass transfer capacity of URFC is well adapted to various operating conditions, which implies that the bifunctional flow channel successfully balances good drainage and exhaust capabilities.

Performance of polymer electrolyte fuel cell under wet/dry conditions with hydrophilic and hydrophobic electrospun microporous layers

The electrospinning method is used to fabricate the microporous layers (MPL). The hydrophobic and hydrophilic electrospun MPLs (E-MPLs) are realized by using acetylene black and pigmented carbon black in the electrospinning ink, respectively. Scanning electron microscope shows that the E-MPLs have three-dimensional inter-connected pore structure formed by disordered nanofibers. Mercury intrusion porosimetry results indicate that the E-MPLs have larger porosity (more than 85%) and wider pore size distribution (0.8–4 μm) compared with the commercial MPL (from SGL 29BC). Hydrophobic E-MPL exhibits lower mass transport resistance at 100% relative humidity (RH) due to its larger pore size and better water drainage capability, while the hydrophilic E-MPL shows lower ohmic resistance at 40% RH due to its higher water retention capability. Fuel cell with a double-layer E-MPL, an integrated MPL containing a hydrophilic layer and a hydrophobic layer, is found to perform well under wider RH range. The fuel cell with double-layer E-MPL is found to have a better dynamic response to a current step, in that it has lower amplitude of voltage undershoot and overshoot, and reaches a steady state more quickly.

Comparison of Ballast Drainage Improvement Between Track Lifting and Shoulder Cleaning Based on CFD Simulations

Railroad track performance largely depends on ballast drainage conditions. Over the years, different ballast maintenance methods have been developed and applied in the field, aiming to restore ballast drainage capability. But the benefits from different maintenance methods have not been well quantified and compared. This study investigates and compares the benefits of the two popular ballast drainage maintenance methods used in North America, shoulder cleaning and track lifting, through numerical simulations based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Different fouling conditions are simulated with permeabilities quantified from the field-collected fouled ballast samples to ensure that the numerical models are representative. Because the unit cost of shoulder cleaning and track lifting varies and depends on the specific application conditions, the normalized drainage health index (NDHI) and the normalized drainage restoration ratio (NDRR) are introduced to make fair comparisons and provide unbiased parameters for practitioners to use in the future. Preliminary results from this study indicate shoulder cleaning provides better ballast drainage improvement than track lifting if the unit costs per ballast volume of shoulder cleaning and track lifting are identical.

Continuous monitoring of a soil aquifer treatment system's physico-chemical conditions to optimize operational performance

Abstract. Soil aquifer treatment (SAT) is a tertiary process for wastewater treatment, where the wastewater infiltrates through a thick vadose zone for purification and storage in the underneath aquifer. SAT infiltration basins are typically flooded intermittently, while maintaining a fixed ratio between the wetting and the drying stages. However, infiltration basins exhibit different physical and chemical properties, limiting the generalization of SAT operation to attain optimal efficiency. Since frequent sampling of the soil pore water to verify the SAT's biodegradation efficiency can be arduous, continuous monitoring of the SAT vadose zone's physico-chemical conditions is required. In this study, redox potential (Eh) was continuously monitored, together with other variables, such as volumetric water content (θ), soil temperature, and gaseous oxygen (O2), at multiple depths of a SAT vadose zone throughout the year and while the system was constrained to different operational modes. Hydrological models were calibrated and validated to water content observations, and they illustrated the seasonal changes in water infiltration. Furthermore, it was shown that, under long wetting stages during winter, there was a reduction in the SAT's drainage capabilities. The Eh observations, under long wetting stages, demonstrated larger variability and very negative values as ambient temperature increased. Assembling the daily Eh observations illustrated that a wetting stage should cease after about 30 h, once suboxic conditions are established. A drying stage's optimal duration should be 36 h, according to the Eh and O2 observations during summer and winter. Ultimately, the study shows that the length of wetting and drying stages should be defined separately, rather than by adhering to the wetting / drying ratio.

Simulation on Water Flow in Permeable Pavement Influenced by Voids Decrease

AbstractThe permeable pavement has good drainage capabilities, but the voids are easy to be clogged. Describing the internal flow and potential surface flow of permeable pavement is essential for p...

Laboratory Experiments on Performance Evaluation of Geocomposite Drainage Materials

Method of geocomposite drainage systems (GCDs) is relatively new and has been used as an alternative drainage system for geotechnical applications. The advantages of this system are cost- and time efficiency, environmentally sustainable, and at the same time, having comparable or higher drainage capability compared to current practices. However, the geocomposite materials, which is the main products of the GCD systems, need to meet certain criteria that are required for the sufficient drainage systems. These criteria are mainly related to their hydraulic and mechanical parameters that control the systems’ drainage capacity and durability during/after the construction. In this study, laboratory testing and evaluation of five different commercially available geocomposite products are conducted to improve the understanding of their physical, hydraulic and mechanical properties. Physical properties are defined by measuring their thicknesses and apparent opening sizes. Hydraulic parameters; permittivity (volumetric flow rate of water in normal direction) under various hydraulic head was measured using a constant-head equipment. Additional transmissivity and flow rate are defined under various hydraulic gradient and normal compressive stresses using in-plane flow rate testing apparatus. A number of strength testing; compressive strength, grab tensile strength, elongations, trapezoidal and puncture strength are conducted to evaluate the mechanical behavior of the geocomposite products. Results show that the parameters defined for each product are in the same order of magnitude in corresponding testing program, yet some differences are observed when compared with the manufacturer values. The reason of differences and recommendations on the selection of standard testing methods are discussed. Use of a factor of safety (FS) was suggested in the design of geocomposite drainage system when selecting the geocomposite materials.

Investigation of the Water Draining Process Pushed by Gas for U-Type and Z-Type Manifolds

In the experimental advanced superconducting tokamak (EAST), the cooling channels of plasma-facing components (PFCs) are familiarly connected in parallel through manifolds. According to the drainage performance of the PFCs, the amount of water trapped in the cooling channels is directly correlated with the type of manifolds. To date, manifold types have been well studied with respect to single-phase and mixed multiphase flow characteristics. However, there are few studies on the drainage performance relevant to the type of manifolds. The friction effect and inertia effect in the manifold intake and exhaust are studied through theoretical analysis. In addition, the draining liquid effect in the branches is dependent on the pressure difference and the resistance coefficient. Furthermore, U-type and Z-type manifolds are studied with FLUENT to discuss their drainage capability in this study. The distribution of the water volume fraction, pressure, and flow ratio is obtained to verify that the Z type is more effective than the U type when applied in the drainage process. This is also supported by comparing the experimental value of the two in drainage discharge. This study will provide a theoretical basis for future upgrades of EAST drainage systems.

Study on sliding stability of porous-concrete retaining wall model test subjected to rainfall infiltration

The common disadvantage of a conventional retaining wall is a heavy object as a block that is difficult to lift and handle conveniently. A drainage pipe is commonly used to displace water from the backfill. In areas with high annual rainfall, the soil could be saturated in a short time and added lateral load significantly. In this study, porous concrete was utilized as a retaining wall material with the advantages of the lighter weight of the block and additional drainage capability due to its high void ratio. A set of a laboratory-scale retaining walls using conventional and porous concrete walls was investigated through three different rainfall modes. To initiate the instability condition, a vertical load was applied then the lateral moving was recorded using LVDT sensors. Soil moisture content sensors recorded hydrologic responses of the saturation process. The loading test results showed that the porous concrete wall model was being displaced less than experienced by the conventional concrete wall. It shows that the porous concrete wall model can withstand the load as the additional lateral load from infiltrated rainwater dissipates rapidly. Therefore, the porous concrete wall has the advantage of being used as a Retaining Wall Material.

Water Film Depth Prediction Model for Highly Textured Pavement Surface Drainage

Water film depth (WFD) is an important factor for road traffic safety because of its direct connection with skid resistance, hydroplaning speed, and the tendency of splash and spray. Increasing the pavement macrotexture reduces WFD. However, existing models for WFD prediction have not been developed on highly textured surfaces such as chip seal. Furthermore, the rainfall intensities used for developing most of these models were relatively low, leaving no or low WFD on chip seal surfaces. To propose a WFD prediction model suitable for highly textured surfaces and to consider the effect of surface material type, an experimental study was conducted with 154 different combinations of mean texture depth (MTD), surface material type, surface slope, drainage length, and rainfall intensity. The tests were carried out on chip seal specimens using a full-scale rainfall simulator. Test results from 1,784 WFD readings indicated that the Gallaway and PAVDRN models were not accurate for highly textured surfaces used in this study with MTD ranging from 0.05 to 0.20 in. Two experimental models were, therefore, proposed to predict the WFD; both models displayed a significantly higher correlation between the measured and predicted WFD compared with the existing models. Furthermore, the eco-friendly rubberized chip seal showed an enhanced drainage capability compared with conventional chip seal, especially in low slopes, because of the hydrophobic nature of crumb rubber versus the hydrophilic character of mineral aggregates. Accordingly, the proposed model incorporated a term to consider the effect of surface material type.

MP35-20 A NEW URINARY CATHETER DESIGN REDUCES IN VITRO BIOFILM FORMATION BY INFLUENCING HYDRODYNAMICS

You have accessJournal of UrologyInfections/Inflammation/Cystic Disease of the Genitourinary Tract: Prostate & Genitalia (MP35)1 Sep 2021MP35-20 A NEW URINARY CATHETER DESIGN REDUCES IN VITRO BIOFILM FORMATION BY INFLUENCING HYDRODYNAMICS Andrei Ionescu, Eugenio Brambilla, Maria Chiara Sighinolfi, and Roberto Mattina Andrei IonescuAndrei Ionescu More articles by this author , Eugenio BrambillaEugenio Brambilla More articles by this author , Maria Chiara SighinolfiMaria Chiara Sighinolfi More articles by this author , and Roberto MattinaRoberto Mattina More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000002044.20AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of a new catheter design based on different hydrodynamics – aiming to reduce the development of biofilm, and compare it with conventional Foley catheter (FC, control). METHODS: The new proposed design catheter (NPD, test) is a modification of the FC: it is based on an asymmetrical positioning of the balloon and additional drainage holes allowing for continuous urine drainage and complete voiding of the bladder. A first experiment was accomplished to assess the drainage capability. A second experiment was performed using a bioreactor with a setup simulating the bladder and using the tested catheter as a flow-through system. Biofilm formation of five bacterial species associated with CAUTI was determined after 24 h incubation using MTT assay. Morphological evaluation was performed using SEM. In vitro determination of residual fluid, quantitative and morphological data about biofilm formation on the intravesical and intraluminal part of the tested catheters were assessed. RESULTS: Residual fluid in FC (5.60±0.43 ml) was significantly higher than in NPD (0.2±0.03 ml). NPD showed significantly lower biofilm formation (p<0.0001) than FC. Catheter design had a different effect on biofilm formation depending on the tested strain. The intraluminal amount of biomass was significantly lower than the intravesical one in both catheters (p<0.0001). Multilayered biofilms completely covering FC surfaces were seen for all tested strains, while NPD showed reduced biofilm formation. CONCLUSIONS: Modifications of a catheter’s hydrodynamic characteristics can significantly reduce bacterial colonization. Integrated design approaches combining chemical, mechanical, and topographical elements can help in lowering CAUTI occurrence. Source of Funding: none © 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 206Issue Supplement 3September 2021Page: e635-e635 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Andrei Ionescu More articles by this author Eugenio Brambilla More articles by this author Maria Chiara Sighinolfi More articles by this author Roberto Mattina More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...

Water Quality Maintenance Approaches and On-Site Monitoring Results of an Artificial Bathing Beach

Ji, Y. and Yin, Y., 2021. Water quality maintenance approaches and on-site monitoring results of an artificial bathing beach. Journal of Coastal Research, 37(4), 793–799. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.The construction of artificial beaches on the muddy coasts involves water purification and long-term maintenance. In the paper, based on the investigation of tidal current, sediment distribution, water quality, and background creatures, a technical scheme of “building submerged breakwater enclosure and accelerating sediment deposition” to form a transparent water body and a long-term water quality maintenance scheme of “diversion, drainage, and self-purification of ecology” are proposed. Through sand precipitation test, water exchange feasibility, and facility scale demonstration, biological purification measures research and on-site practice, as well as long-term water quality monitoring and analysis, the conclusions are as follows: (1) The construction of submerged breakwater for water enclosure promotes the sediment deposition process. The experiment results indicate that after two-day static settlement, 93% of the suspension is precipitated and the concentration of total phosphorus decreased by more than 70%. (2) Water from artificial beaches can be diverted by harnessing tide or pumping facilities. The scale of the pump station and sluice should be determined according to the filling or drainage capability of water in a tidal cycle. (3) The ecological self-purification should be established on the basis of background investigation. The aquatic animals, such as fish, shrimp, crab, shell, and algae m (4) The water quality tends to deteriorate and changes with seasons with the increase of tourists. Finally, it is suggested renovating the current water diversion system, enhancing the monitoring of ecosystem, limiting the number of tourists in summer and increasing the frequency of water exchange.

A new urinary catheter design reduces in-vitro biofilm formation by influencing hydrodynamics

To evaluate the performance of a new catheter design based on different hydrodynamics aiming to reduce the development of biofilm, and compare it with a conventional Foley catheter (FC). The new proposed design (NPD) catheter is a modification of the FC, based on asymmetric positioning of the balloon and additional drainage holes allowing continuous urine drainage and complete voiding of the bladder. A first experiment was undertaken to assess drainage capability, and a second experiment was performed using a bioreactor with a set-up simulating the bladder and using the test catheter as a flow-through system. The biofilm formation of five bacterial species associated with catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) was determined after 24 h of incubation using an MTT assay. Morphological evaluation was performed using scanning electron microscopy. In-vitro determination of residual fluid, and quantitative and morphological data on biofilm formation on the intravesical and intraluminal parts of the tested catheters were assessed. Residual fluid was significantly higher in the FC (5.60 ± 0.43 mL) compared with the NPD catheter (0.2 ± 0.03 mL). The NPD catheter showed significantly less biofilm formation (P<0.0001) than the FC. Catheter design had a variable effect on biofilm formation depending on the bacterial strain tested. There was significantly less intraluminal biomass compared with intravesical biomass in both catheters (P<0.0001). Multi-layered biofilms that covered the FC surfaces completely were seen for all tested strains, while the NPD catheter surfaces showed reduced biofilm formation. Modifications of the hydrodynamic characteristics of a catheter can significantly reduce bacterial colonization. Integrated design approaches combining chemical, mechanical and topographical elements can help to reduce the occurrence of CAUTI.

Predication of nano-silica modified porous asphalt under dynamic creep by using finite element analysis

In areas with heavy rainfall, the conventional pavement may not be suitable due to low drainage capability. This will cause to a storm failure. To solve this, Porous asphalt (PA) is one of the innovative asphalts that can significantly overcome the issue of storm-water problem. The high air voids content characteristic of PA compares with conventional pavement in Malaysia is very suitable in managing the storm-water. However, PA suffers a few problems such as decrement of strength and tensile strength due to high air voids content which lead to permanent deformation. In order to enhance the performance of PA against the permanent deformation an additive material used to increase the strength of the PA called Nano-silica particles. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the dynamic creep of Nano-silica modified PA by developing a finite element analysis (FEA) model. Moreover, this study the dynamic creep performance of porous asphalt with different proportion of Nano-silica particles 0%, 2% and 4% was predicted. A finite element model will be simulated by using ABAQUS 6.14 software for the PA sample in order to achieve the objectives of the study. From this study it was concluded that, the develop model was reliable use to predict the performance of PA in terms of dynamic creep and the utilizing of Nano-silica in PA mixture result changes in the rheological properties of the asphalt binder which lead to an enhancement of its performance against the permanent deformation.