Dragon Fruit Peel Extract Research Articles

Effectiveness Test of Red Dragon Fruit Skin (Hylocereus costaricensis jack) as Natural Preservation for Nila Fish (Oreochromis niloticus)

Indonesia is a tropical country, many plants suspected as potential antimicrobial so it can used as natural preservatives, one of all is red dragon fruit peel. Red dragon fruit (Hylocereus costaricensis jack) production now has been increasing. So, dragon fruit skin contributes as environmental trash so it must used as a natural preservative. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the red dragon fruit peel extract (Hylocereus costaricensis jack) used as a natural preservative in tilapia, to determine the characteristics and duration of tilapia storage after being given red dragon fruit peel extract consisting of three types of contractor ( water, ethanol and acetate), after getting the best results, applied it to fish whether it affects the shelf life of tilapia (L0, L1, L3, L5).. The research method used is a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factorial. The parameters tested were microbiology, proximate and organoleptic quality tests. The yield of 1% ethyl acetate is the best and the safest solution to be applied to tilapia. TPC in tilapia that have been preserved 1% dragon fruit peel extract is 3.53 × 101 (L0) and 5.10×101 (L3). TVB levels in preserved tilapia were 67 mgN / 100g (L0) and 25.02 mgN / 100g (L5). Fish protein content from 18.5% (L1) to 15.10% (L5). Water content from L1 78.1% to L3 81%. Based on results it can conclude that red dragon fruit peel extract contains various bioactive compounds: alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins and tannins. The best solvent for binding active compounds is ethanol but the best for food products is ethylacetate.

Quality Characteristics of Salt Fortification with Dragon Fruit Peel in Plastic Packaging during Storage Period

Abstract Dragon fruit peel is another option for salt fortification beside of iodized salt. Dragon fruit peel contains source of vitamin C needed by our body. The objective of this study is to find out the quality characteristics of fortification of salt with dragon fruit peel during storage period. Fortified salt was stored in Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) and High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) plastics at room temperature and at the temperature of 35°C. Fortified salt was stored for a month. Tests performed during storage period were water content, NaCl, vitamin A and vitamin C content. The experimental design used was randomized block design with 2 factors, those are temperature and packaging type. Statistic test was performed with Variance Test and Duncan Test in the significance level of 5%. Fortified salt production used 40% of dragon fruit peel extract. Results showed that different packaging type and storage temperature did not have real impact on NaCl and vitamin A content of fortification salt with dragon fruit peel. Water content of fortification of salt with dragon fruit peel is affected by storage temperature. However, packaging type does not give real impacts on vitamin A content. Packaging type have a real impact on vitamin C content. Fortification of salt with dragon fruit peel has the ability to bind vitamin C so that it can be used as an alternative source of vitamin C. Keywords : dragon fruit peel, salt fortification, storage

Sintesis Hidrogel Pektin – Gelatin dengan Penambahan Ekstrak Kulit Buah Naga Sebagai Kandidat Pembalut Luka Bakar

Wound dressing technique currently applies modern wound care methods by maintaining the environmental isolation of the wound in a closed and moist state. There are several types of wound dressing that have been developed, one of them is hydrogel. Hydrogel is sheet-shaped wound dressings which have the ability to absorb exudate and have good stability acidic pH that can be used for the treatment of burns. In this study, hydrogel were made using natural polymers such as pectin and gelatin. The two polymers were combined using crosslinking method with the addition of citric acid as a crosslinking agent. The addition of citric acid has affect on the characteristics of the hydrogel material produced, therefore the right amount is needed to obtain a hydrogel with good mechanical properties. Hydrogel also added by an active substance in the form of flavonoids from dragon fruit peel extract that can be used as a wound dressing to cure burns. This study resulting hydrogel with a concentration of 4% citric acid (Hydrogel CA 4%) produced highest value of swelling, tensile strength, and elongation are 890%, 0.05 Mpa, and 200%, repectively. The mechanical properties of Hydrogel CA 4% was proved by FTIR test that had been carried out, namely the presence of C=O carbonyl group as a result of the esterification reaction that occurred between the polymers and citric acid in the absorption area of 1733.9 cm-1.

Efisiensi Mikroenkapsulasi Ekstrak Kulit Buah Naga Super Merah (Hylocereus costaricensis) Tersalut Maltodekstrin Berdasarkan Kecepatan Pengadukan

Extract of super red dragon fruit peel has an antioxidant activity that can prevent free radicals from outside and its activity can be maintained by the coating of super red dragon fruit peel extract with maltodextrin The coating efficiency of super red dragon fruit peel extract with maltodextrin can be controlled with the speed of stirring during microencapsulation experiment. In order to obtain the highest microencapsulation efficiency and compare the antioxidant activity of super red dragon fruit peel extract before and after microencapsulation experiment. The study of coating efficiency has been done with microencapsulation that was carried out using the freeze-drying technique. During the microencapsulation of super red dragon fruit peel extract with freeze-drying technique, stirring speed in the microencapsulation process was 600 rpm, 800 rpm, 1000 rpm, 1200 rpm, and 1400 rpm respectively. From the microencapsulation process of super red dragon fruit peel extract coated with maltodextrin, it was obtained the highest microencapsulation efficiency at stirring speed of 800 rpm, which was 66.85% and had a particle size of 14.24 µm. It can be concluded that the antioxidant activity before and after encapsulation included a very weak category with IC50 values of 205.42 ppm for extracts and 246.32 ppm for microcapsules.
 Keywords: Super red dragon fruit peel, freeze-drying, microencapsulation, maltodextrin

Supplementation of Red Dragon Fruit Peel Extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus) in CEP-2 Extender on the Qualities of Limousin Bull Chilled Semen

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of red dragon fruit peel extract (RDFPE) supplementation in CEP-2 extender to the qualities of Limousin semen during 3-5 °C storage. The semen was collected by using artificial vagina twice a week for 5 weeks. The treatments in this research were RDFPE supplementation at 0%, 1%, 3% and 5% on the CEP-2 base extender and the observed variables include semen motility and viability. The results showed that the addition of RDFPE in CEP-2 extender gave a significant effect (P<0.05) to the semen motility and viability. Supplementation of RDFPE at 3% showed better motility and viability than 0, 1 and 5%. The study concludes that the addition of 3% RDFPE was the best treatment in maintaining the quality of Limousin bull semen at cold temperature.

Effect of Dragon Fruit (&lt;i&gt;Hylocereus polyrhizus&lt;/i&gt;) Peel Extract on Collagen Fiber Density of Rat Socket Healing

Collagen has an important role in wound healing to return anatomy and physiology of tissue structure. Dragon fruit is a natural resource that can be used as a therapy that contains flavonoid, saponin, vitamin A, C, and E useful in wound healing. The aim of this study is to prove the effectivity of dragon fruit ( Hylocereus polyrhizus ) peel extract gel towards collagen fibers density after tooth extraction of Wistar rat ( Rattus norvegicus ). The randomized post test only control groups design was used for this study. The sample consisted of 40 Wistar rats treated with tooth extraction in the left incisive tooth of the mandible. Dragon fruit peel extract gel 15%, 30%, 60% was given into the socket except for control group which was given CMC-Na gel. Wistar rats was sacrificed on the fourth and seventh days after tooth extraction and prepared for histopathological examination with Masson’s Trichrome staining. The data were analyzed with One-way ANOVA and Tukey-HSD test. There are significant differences in the density of collagen in the treatment group concentration 30%. The result showed that the use of dragon fruit peel extract gel affects the density of collagen fibers at 4 and 7 days after tooth extraction. The finding provides dragon fruit peel extract could promote the healing process through the formation of collagen fibers density.

PENGARUH RASIO PELARUT TERHADAP EKSTRAKSI DARI KULIT BUAH NAGA MERAH (Hylocereus polyrhizus)

This study aims to determine the effect of the ratio of solvents to extract yield, phenolics total and IC50 values ​​of red dragon fruit peel and also get the optimal solvent ratio to obtain extract yield, phenolics total and the highest or best IC50 values ​​of red dragon fruit peel extracts. The solvent ratio used there are 6 levels of the ratio: 2:1; 3:1; 4:1; 5:1; 6:1 and 7:1 (v/w). The data obtained were analyzed using a Completely Randomized Design that was applied to observations of extract yield, phenolics total and IC50 values, if the treatment had a very significant or significant effect followed by continued Tukey HSD test at 1% or 5% level. The results showed that the solvent ratio very significantly affected the extract yield, phenolics total and IC50 value of red dragon fruit peel extract. The solvent ratio of 4:1 (v/w) produced extract yield, phenolics total and IC50 values the highest or best i.e 26.22%, 71.56 ppm, and 124.62 ppm.&#x0D; Keywords : IC50, the red dragon fruit skin, solvent ratio, phenolics total

PENGARUH JENIS PELARUT TERHADAP EKSTRAKSI DARI KULIT BUAH NAGA MERAH (Hylocereus polyrhizus)

This study aims to determine the effect of the type of solvent on extract yield, total phenolics and IC50 values of the skin of red dragon fruit and also obtain the best type of solvent that provides extract rendement, total phenolics and the highest or best IC50 value for extracting red dragon fruit peels. There are 3 types of solvents used (95% ethanol, ethyl acetate and acetone: water (7: 3) with a sample-solvent ratio (5:1 v/b). The data obtained were analyzed using a Completely Randomized Design that was applied to observations of extract rendemen, phenolics total and IC50 values, if the treatment had a very significant or significant effect followed by continued BNJ test at 1% or 5% level. The results showed that the solvent ratio very significantly affected the extract rendemen, phenolics total and IC50 value of red dragon fruit peel extract. Ethanol 95% solvent is the best solvent for extracting dragon fruit peels because it has the highest yield (26.15%), total phenolic (64.75 ppm) and antioxidant activity (IC50 value) (120.53 ppm) highest or best.&#x0D; Keywords : IC50, the red dragon fruit skin, solvent ratio, extract yield, phenolics total

PENGARUH WAKTU EKSTRAKSI TERHADAP TOTAL FENOLAT DAN NILAI IC50 DARI EKSTRAKSI KULIT BUAH NAGA MERAH (Hylocereus polyrhizus)

The skin of the red dragon fruit is a waste that is still very rarely used. While the percentage of red dragon fruit skin is 30% to 35% of the weight of the fruit. Dragon fruit peels still contain quite high antioxidant compounds, antioxidant compounds can fight oxidation in the body. Utilization is done on the skin of dragon fruit, one of which is to extract it so that it can be used as a basis for a variety of functional foods that will benefit health. The study aims to determine the effect of extraction time on total phenolics and antioxidant activity (IC50 values) on red dragon fruit peel extracts and also obtain the optimum extraction time to get the highest or best total phenol and IC50 values. Extraction time used consists of 3 levels, namely 24 hours (1 day), 48 hours (2 days) and 72 hours (3 days). The data obtained were analyzed using the Completely Randomized Design which was applied to the observation of total phenolics and IC50 values, if the treatment had a very significant or real effect followed by continued BNJ testing at 1% or 5% level. The results showed that the extraction time had a very significant effect on the total phenolics and IC50 values ​​of dragon fruit peel extract and the extraction time of 3 hours gave the highest or best total phenolics and IC50 values ​​of 78.78 ppm and 115.90 ppm.

Effects of red dragon fruit peel extract on tomato storage

The aim of this study was to identify the effects of the peel extract of red dragon fruit on the quality of tomato fruit during storage. Twenty one tomato fruits were immerced in the peel extract with concentrations of 0% (T0), 25% (T1), 50% (T2) and 100% (T3), where T0 to T3 represented the various treatment groups. Three fruits in each treatment were then randomly selected every two days, for quality analysis. The results showed that fruits from group T3 experienced lower weight loss when compared to T0, T1 and T2. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the total soluble solids, and this indicates that the extract had no effect on fruit sweetness. Interestingly, fruits from T3 did not show any damage caused by fungus. In conclusion, the extract of red dragon fruit peel has antioxidant potential, which can be useful for food storage.

Antioxidant and Anti-Hyaluronidase Activities of Dragon Fruit Peel Extract and Kaempferol-3-O-Rutinoside

Aging is a natural process in human life and is triggered by the presence of free radicals (ROS). The use of antioxidants from natural ingredients is one of the breakthroughs to overcome aging and counteract the harmful effects caused by the free radicals. This study aimed to determine and compare the antioxidant activity of H2O2 scavenging and hyaluronidase inhibition of red dragon fruit peel extract (DFPE) and kaempferol-3-o-rutinoside (KOR) compounds. Dragon fruit peel extract (DFPE) is obtained through extraction by maceration method using 70% ethanol solvent. The design of this study included antioxidant and anti-aging activity assay of EKBN and KOR at the series concentration of 15.63; 31.25; 62.50; 125; 250; 500 µg/mL through H2O2 scavenging, as well as the DFPE and KOR hyaluronidase inhibition assay at the series concentration of 5.21; 10.42; 20.83; 41.7; 83.33; 166.67 µg/mL. EKBN shows that the average activity of H2O2 scavenging is lower than KOR. In addition, the IC50 values of KOR for H2O2 scavenging is lower (351.46±2.30ug/mL) than DFPE (409.64±23.17ug/mL). While, KOR also has higher values of inhibitory activity than of the DFPE. However, the IC50 value of KOR for hyaluronidase inhibition activity was 84.07±10.46µg/mL, equivalent to the IC50 value of DFPE (85.32±10.24µg/mL). The presence of antioxidant and anti-aging activity in the EKBN is probably caused by betalain and the KOR compound itself contained in red dragon fruit. The results of the paired-samples T-test on antioxidant activity and anti-aging of DFPE and KOR showed non-significant difference. Thus, DFPE has an equivalent antioxidant and anti-aging through H2O2 scavenging and hyaluronidase activity as possessed by the KOR compound.

Kualitas Mikrobiologis Se’i yang Dicuring Menggunakan Jus Kulit Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereuspolyrhizus) pada Penyimpanan Suhu Ruang

Kulit buah naga merah (Hylocereus pilyrhizus) mengandung sanyawa antibakteri yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan mikroorganisme. Dengan adanya senyawa antibakteri tersebut, kulit buah naga berpotensi untuk dijadikan bahan pengawet alami, untuk menggantikan penggunaan bahan pengawet kimia seperti Nitrit pada pengolahan se’i (daging asap khas Nusa Tenggara Timur). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kulit buah naga mampung menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri patoogen seperti E.coli ATCC 25922 dan bakteri S.aureus ATCC 25923. Perbedaan perlakuan bakteripatogen yang diberikan berpengaruh nyata terhadap diameter zona hambat aktivitas antibakteri jus kulit buah naga merah (P&lt;0.05). Penggunaan jus kulit buah naga sebagai bahan curing pada se’i dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri dan memperpanjang masa simpan sampai pada hari ke enam pada suhu ruang. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan jus kulit buah naga sebagai bahan curing pada se’i dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri sehingga mampu memperpanjang masa simpan se’i pada suhu ruang.

In Vivo and In-Vitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Peel Extracts of Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus)

This study aimed to characterization and evaluates the effectiveness of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel extracts as an antimicrobial agent. Red dragon fruit peel extracts were obtained by maceration using solvent at pH 5. Phytochemical characteristics, total phenols, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity of the peel extracts were observed. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the extracts were associated with high phytochemical compounds and total phenols contained in the extracts. Red dragon fruit peel extracts with various percentages prepared and their physicochemical characteristics, nutrients, antioxidant activity, and microbiological profile were analyzed. The current study is to evaluate the susceptible antimicrobial activity of crude 50% hydro alcoholic Peel Extracts of Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) against different clinical isolates (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, A. niger and Candida albican) of microbial disease so as to trip up on the other alternatives and overcome the upcoming era of increasing microbial resistance. Furthermore, the results of the in vivo assay on thirty mice model showed that the treatment of mice with the 100mg/ml of aqueous extract and Chloramphenicol have more effectiveness than other concentrations and the number of bacteria P. aeroginosa was reduced significantly (P ≤ 0.001) during the treatment days. Results showed that the red dragon fruit peel extracts have an Antimicrobial Activity.

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH NAGA (Hylocareus costarisensis) TERHADAP E.coli, Staphylococcus aureus, DAN Candida albicans

Hylocareus costarisensis more commonly known as red dragon fruit are beneficial as antioxidant and a source of natural pigments and potentially as antimicrobial. Journal of Food Research points out that the content of Phenol in the peel of red dragon fruit is greater than the the red dragon fruit itself. Phenol contained in the dragon fruit peel can be useful as antimicrobial because it can lower the surface tension of the microbial. This study therefore aims to figure out whether there is an effect the phenol of Red Dragon Fruit Peel ( Hylocareus Costarisensis) extract on the ability to block the growth of microbial patogent such as E.coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans and to figure out the compounds found in in the dragon fruit peel . This research employs statistical analysis experiment design by using One Way ANOVA test. The concentration of Red Dragon Fruit Peel extract used was 0,4 gr, 0,8 gr, 1,4 gr, 1,8 gr, 2,0 gr and positive control concentration thinning microbial 1,8 x 10 3 Cell/ml. These studies demonstrated that the antimicrobial compounds in extract of Red Dragon Fruit Peel is Acetic Acid, Formic Acid and Phenol. This research also indicates that the bigger dose of Red Dragon Fruit Peel, the greater power ability to block the growth. The ability to block the growth of microbial is statistically significant (p< 0,05) after giving of Red Dragon Fruit Peel extract

KARAKTERISTIK FISIKOKIMIA ANTOSIANIN EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH NAGA MERAH MENGGUNAKAN METODE UAE (Physicochemical Characteristics of Red Dragon Fruit Skin Anthocyanin Extracts using UAE Method)

Red dragon fruit skin (Hylocereus polyrhizus) contains naturally pigment as anthocyanin. Anthocyanins can be extracted using conventionally or other method. Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) is a prospective extraction method because resulting higher yield and shorten time process. The aim of this study was to identify the effect of extraction time and amplitude to the physicochemical characteristic of extract red dragon fruit’s skin. The maceration method was used as control treatment. The parameters observed were total extraction yield, residual solvent content, anthocyanin content, pH, specific gravity and colour. The method used was laboratory experiment by using descriptive analysis. The research showed extraction time at 45 minutes and amplitude number 65% was a best variables extraction which resulted total yield 10.62%, residual solvent content 37.50%, specific gravity 1.2198, total anthocyanin content 29.640 ppm, pH 2.80, respectively. Based on hue angle (23.42o) indicated that the dragon fruit peel extract was red colour. Meanwhile, control treatment resulted a total yield was 9.44%, residual solvent content was 52.67%, specific gravity 1.0609, total anthocyanin content 24.074 ppm, pH 3.06, and hue angle 33.16o. The UAE method revealed a better extraction method than maceration to produce a higher red dragon fruit’s skin extracts and anthocyanin concentration.&#x0D; Keywords: anthocyanin, extract, physicochemical characteristic, red dragon fruit skin, UAE&#x0D; &#x0D; ABSTRAKKulit buah naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) mengandung pigmen alami sebagai antosianin. Antosianin dapat diekstraksi dengan cara konvensional atau metode lainnya. Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) merupakan metode ekstraksi prospektif karena menghasilkan rendemen lebih tinggi dan waktu proses lebih singkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji lama waktu ekstraksi dan amplitudo terhadap karakteristik fisikokimia ekstrak kulit buah naga merah. Metode maserasi dilakukan sebagai kontrol. Karakteristik ekstrak yang diamati meliputi rendemen, kadar sisa pelarut, total antosianin, pH, bobot jenis dan warna. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimental laboratorium dengan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kulit buah naga merah dengan amplitudo 65% dan lama ekstraksi 45 menit merupakan perlakuan terbaik dengan rendemen total 10,62%, kadar sisa pelarut 37,50%, bobot jenis 1,2198, kadar total antosianin sebesar 29,640 ppm, pH 2,80. Berdasarkan nilai hue (23,42o) ekstrak tersebut berwarna merah. Sedangkan perlakuan kontrol menghasilkan rendemen total 9,44%, kadar sisa pelarut 52,67%, bobot jenis 1,0609, kadar total antosianin sebesar 24,074 ppm, pH 3,06 dan hue 33,16o. Pada penelitian ini dibuktikan bahwa metode UAE menghasilkan lebih banyak ekstrak kulit buah naga merah dan konsentrasi antosianin lebih tinggi dibandingkan metode maserasi.&#x0D; Kata kunci: antosianin, ekstrak, karakteristik fisikokimia, kulit buah naga merah, UAE

2. Antibacterial Test of Red Dragon Fruit Extract Peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Against Bacteria Salmonella pullorum

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the red dragon fruit peels (Hylocereus polyrhizus) extract on the growth of Salmonella pullorum. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Microbiology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh. Red dragon fruit peels that used in this study is obtained from ripe fruit and Salmonella pullorum cultures is obtained from Microbiology Laboratory of Veterinary Faculty Unsyiah. Salmonella pullorum culture added evenly on the surface of Mueller Hinton Agar, the number of the bacteria have been standarized using Mc Farland'1 method. Discs soaked in the red dragon fruit peels extracts at different concentrations (20 mg/ml, 40 mg/mL, and 60 mg/ml). Ampicillin is used as positive controls and DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) was placed on the surface of Mueller Hinton Agar. The parameters in this study is the inhibition zone diameter. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the red dragon fruit peel extract is able to inhibit the growth of Salmonella pullorum and the average of inhibition diameter zone at a concentration 60 mg / ml is 9.6 mm, 40 mg / ml is 9.4 mm and 20 mg / ml is 9.3 mm

Microencapsulation of Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Peel Extract Using Maltodextrin

Dragon fruit peel can be utilized as a natural dye due to betacyanin content, red-violet pigment of betalain group. Betacyanin is unstable to temperature, oxygen, and light, consequently microencapsulation technology is required to maintain its stability. This study aims to determine microencapsulation efficiency of dragon fruit peel extract with variation of encapsulation ratio and to perceive morphological characteristics of dragon fruit peel extractt encapsulated. In this study, the dragon fruit peel was extracted using polar solvent pH 4 and pH 5 by maceration method. Maltodextrin is used as coating encapsulation and freeze drying is applied as microencapsulation method. The results showed that, encapsulation of dragon fruit peel extract using maltodextrin with extract ratio to suspension of 5:1, more efficient than ratio of 3:1. Morphological encapsulation of dragon fruit peel extracts resulted in matrix form with particle diameter of dragon fruit peel extract with pH 5 solvent between 0,460-0,770 μm, while particle diameter of dragon fruit peel extract with pH 4 solvent between 0,288-0,640 μm. This study has a great impact to development of microencapsulation technology on red dragon fruit peel as waste utilization which can further be utilized as a functional natural dye in food. This study would be a reference for further researchers or people who engaged in food industry.

PENGGUNAAN EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH NAGA MERAH (Hylocereuscostaricensis (F.A.C. Weber) Britton &amp; Rose.) DALAM FORMULASI PEWARNA RAMBUT

Hair is a symbol of beauty in humans which is one of the adnexa (parts) of the skin that grows from the skin. Hair grows from the root, hair that is in the dermis layer, and through the hair follicle channel out of the skin. There are some differences in each hair such as type, shape, amount, and color. Dragon fruit peel is an agricultural waste that contains high anthocyanin natural dyes. Anthocyanin is a dye that plays a role in giving red color which has the potential to be a natural colorant for food and can be used as an alternative to synthetic dyes that are safer for health. Anthocyanin was taken by the extraction method. The results showed that the higher the concentration of the adjuvant used, the darker the gray hair. The use of auxiliary materials in a concentration of 0.5% produces a brownish-black color, and a concentration of 1% produces a dark black color. The preparation of gray hair dye made with the formula of 2.5% dragon fruit peel extract and 1% adjuvant produces a deep black color, so pyrogallol, copper (II) sulfate, xanthan gum with a concentration of 0.5% are used in order to distinguish changes on white hair (grey), due to the EKBN formula or from added additives.

Red dragon fruit (Hylocereus costaricensis Britt. Et R.) peel extract as a natural dye alternative in microscopic observation of plant tissues: The practical guide in senior high school

Prepared slide of plant tissue needs to be staining to facilitate observations under microscope. Laboratorium activities in schools usually use synthetic dyes which expensive and can be damaged the student. Therefore the exploration of alternative dyes need to be established, such as utilizing of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus castaricensis Britt. Et R.). This study aims to (1) find out the best concentration of dragon fruit peel extract for staining plant tissue prepared slide and (2) to develop the practical guide related to plant tissue observation. The qualitative research used different concentration of red dragon fruit peel extract, namely: 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% with 3 repetitions. Data were obtained from observation photos of prepared slide. The result showed that the most contrast prepared slide was used red dragon fruit extract in 60% concentration. The result use to arrange practical guide in observation of plant tissues which is validated by material expert. The validation result showed “very good” criteria (86.01%).

Formulasi Masker Gel Antioksidan Mengandung Ekstrak Kulit Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus)

Abstract: Antioxidant, Red Dragon Fruit, Gel Mask. Skin is an organ that covers the entire human body, which has protection against external influences. Free radicals and the oxidation reaction can be inhibited by an antioxidant compound. Red dragon fruit peel is rarely used but has high antioxidant activity that can be used for skin care, especially facial skin. Red dragon fruit peel can be formulated into various dosage form of antioxidants for the face skin, one of which peel-off mask gel. This study aimed to test the antioxidant activity of peel-off mask gel with the active ingredient of red dragon fruit peel extracts. This research uses experimental methods. Red dragon fruit peel extracted by maceration in 70% ethanol and concentrated. Gel mask made in 3 variations extract concentration, ie formula A, B and C 0.175 g, 0.350 g and 0,700 g respectively. The physical stability test was conducted by cycling test for 6 cycles. The physical properties of the preparation were tested before and after storage include adhesion, dispersive power, pH, viscosity and time to dry. Antioxidant activity tested with DPPH method. Based on test results obtained physical stability, third-formula gel mask physically qualified and stable, except for the dispersive power. Antioxidant activity decreased after the storage. The highest activity was shown by formula C with an IC50 value of 3497.113 ppm. Based on IC50 values, this gel mask has an inactive. antioxidant activity.