Draft Standards Research Articles

Good Pharmacy Practice Standardized for Community Pharmacists: The Lebanese Order of Pharmacists Initiative.

Objective:The community pharmacist's role is in constant evolution. It shifted from compounding and dispensing to patient-centered services. To guarantee that all pharmacists are providing a service of appropriate quality to every patient, the Lebanese Order of Pharmacists (OPL) took the initiative of developing good pharmacy practice (GPP) guidelines to be applied by community pharmacists for services' quality improvement.Methods:Within the OPL, a Scientific Committee, the executive authority to organize scientific and educational activities, is appointed. It decided, in January 2018, to elaborate GPP guidelines for community pharmacists and created the Community Pharmacy Practice Subcommittee, which was in charge of this project. The GPP standards suggested by the OPL were inspired by the ones published by international organizations, namely the International Pharmaceutical Federation and WHO, American, European, and regional countries.Findings:The GPP standards comprised 15 sections that tackled the following topics: settings of a pharmacy, handling of stock, extemporaneous compounding, provision of medicines, supply of nonprescription medicines, interaction and communication, documentation systems, equipment, resources, health promotion, diagnostics, pharmacotherapy monitoring, research and professional development, trainees, and para-pharmaceuticals.Conclusion:The OPL was able to implement a first draft of the GPP standards for community pharmacists in Lebanon, a developing country with many constraints. The starting project will need to be consolidated by raising awareness and changing misconception among community pharmacists as a first step. Amendments to these guidelines will follow based on the pharmacists' feedback and results of an ongoing national survey conducted by the OPL and academia.

Concept and Analysis of Capacity Entropy for Uplink Multi-User Media Access Control for the Next-Generation WLANs

IEEE 802.11ax, an emerging standard for the next-generation wireless local area networks (WLANs), pursues to improve network throughput in high-density deployment scenarios by introducing high-efficiency mechanisms into both media access control (MAC) layer and physical (PHY) layer. In IEEE 802.11ax, high-efficiency multi-user media access control (MU-MAC) is adopted for both uplink and downlink access mechanisms. As for the uplink MU-MAC, it can be further subdivided into two categories, uplink orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) scheduling access (UOSA) and uplink OFDMA random access (UORA). How to effectively measure and optimize the joint carrying capacity (JCC) of the networks where both scheduling access mode and random access mode are supported is a key problem for the design of the uplink access mechanism of the 802.11ax. Firstly, in this paper, the concept of capacity entropy for multi-user access (CEM) is proposed to quantitatively measure the JCC of the networks. Secondly, the UORA is modeled and analyzed and we get the access probability of UORA (PUORA) by using an enhanced Markov chain, then we can calculate the capacity entropy of UORA. Based on it, the CEM of the 802.11ax is further analyzed. Finally, based on the adopted MU-MAC framework in 802.11ax standard draft, an efficient hybrid access strategy (HAS) is proposed, which combines a greedy scheduling strategy based on capacity constraints and a method based on channel quality perception of stations (STAs) in UORA. Simulation results show that HAS achieves higher CEM. In summary, it is believed that the proposed concept of CEM will pave a new technical way to investigate problems of how to optimize the JCC for the next-generation WLANs.

Improving the Quality of Outcomes of Complex Cancer Surgery Through National Standards: Lessons From Canada

Background and context: Evidence shows there is wide variability in cancer care service delivery and patient outcomes. Outcomes of complex surgery can be improved by following standards that outline optimal ways to plan, organize and deliver surgical care. While some cancer surgeries are associated with a high risk of adverse outcomes, they also offer the best option for a cure. To ensure optimal patient outcomes, deliberate approaches are needed to standardize the organization of complex care surgeries. Aim: Leverage the expertise of specialty-based and multidisciplinary communities to develop pan-Canadian standards of practice as a means to elevate the delivery of oncologic surgery in Canada. Strategy/Tactics: A phased, multimodal qualitative and quantitative approach was undertaken to develop evidence-based consensus standards for best practice in complex surgery, through the analysis of administrative data to examine access and outcomes of complex, advanced-care surgery and discussion with public representatives to explore trade-offs for reorganizing cancer surgery. Results informed a literature review to identify best practices in complex surgery. Expert panels were convened with disease specific specialty surgeons to inform the development of evidence-informed consensus standards. Draft standards were finalized after targeted review and validation by a wider community of healthcare professionals. Program/Policy process: The standards were endorsed by national professional organizations. An audit was conducted with all surgical programs in Canada to assess pan-Canadian compliance with the standards. Barriers to compliance were tracked to identify areas where local, regional or national activity could support quality initiatives. Outcomes: National standards were developed and highlighted: surgeon criteria, practice settings, and quality improvement. These comprehensive standards provide actionable recommendations that can be tailored to meet local needs. The standards will help organize care in way that maximizes patient outcomes while maintaining reasonable access to care. This work reflects a Canadian approach to a global problem around appropriate delivery of cancer surgical services and facilitates international conversations to mobilize effective knowledge transfer and best practices. What was learned: • Development of national standards is an iterative process that requires upfront buy-in from surgeons, multidisciplinary communities and national associations. Lessons learned from this initiative can support development of international demonstration projects and can help model a process that others could use. • Mechanisms to enhance knowledge of the optimal organization of complex surgery services requires multifaceted and sustained attention. Thoughtful exploration of how surgical care interfaces with other treatment modalities is paramount to ensure a seamless patient journey.

Low-Voltage Shore Connection Power Systems: Optional Designs and a Safety Loop Circuit

This article reviews low-voltage shore connection (LVSC) power systems for ships with up to 1,500 kVA and voltage of 400-690 V. The design concept for these systems is contained in the current LVSC draft standard, International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)/IEEE 80005-3. Here, we attempt to clarify that an LVSC design concept using multiple parallel feeder circuit breakers does not violate National Electric Code (NEC) National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 70 Section 240.8. We also attempt to clarify the optional design for an ungrounded shore power system, as required by certain ships and included in the draft standard [1]. In addition, we review the safety loop circuit that enhances operator safety both onshore and onboard a ship.

The European Banking Authority in Light of the CJEU Jurisprudence: The Case of Innovative Payment Services

The activity of the European Banking Authority (EBA), often implying not only technical, but also political, economic and social evaluations, is hardly compatible with the traditional agency model based on a depoliticized activity. The evolvement of the EBA, and of the European Supervisory Authorities (ESAs) in general, demands profound scholarly attention, including a critical analysis of recent CJEU jurisprudence. In light of such jurisprudence, which is taking distance from the Meroni case (a key authority on the limitations imposed on the ESAs rule-making), this article aims at rethinking EU agencies’ position within the EU executive, with particular reference to the activity of the EBA in payment systems. To this scope, this article explores the role and activity of EBA in contributing to create the EU Single Rulebook through its drafting of the relevant Regulatory Technical Standards (RTSs), such as the ones on strong customer authentication and on secure communication.

ДОКУМЕНТАЦИОННОЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ И УЧЕТ ЭКСПОРТА ПРОДУКЦИИ БЕРЕГОВЫХ РЫБООБРАБАТЫВАЮЩИХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ

The article reveals peculiarities of documenting and recording the product exports for onshore fish processing enterprises in order to specify the norms given in federal standards in relation to the specific activities of the economic entity. A draft standard "Accounting for export transactions" was developed. The draft standard is designed for accountants who keep records for product export of fish processing enterprises onshore. The structure of the Standard consists of five sections. The first section reveals the basic concepts of the Standard: export of goods, foreign trade contract, "Incoterms 2010", contract and customs value. The second section contains a list of primary documents required for exporting goods. The third main section of the Standard contains instructions for determining the contractual and customs value, and costs for customs clearance of goods. The particular attention is paid to the "Common Customs Tariff of the Eurasian Economic Union", according to which the products corresponding to the code 0304891080 are not subject for export duties. The third section also contains explanations of transfer of ownership of goods and condition aspects for recognition of proceeds from the goods sale. A separate item is devoted to accounting VAT payments for export operations. The fourth section of the Standard explains the order of entries in the accounting registers and in reports on transactions in foreign currency. In the fifth section, the annex to the draft Standard on a special example shows the specifics of the reflection of facts of economic life related to the sale of fish products for export.

Sparql query processing in relational databases

Background/Objectives: The mapping RDB to RDF has become important to populate Linked Data more efficiently. This paper shows how to implement SPARQL endpoint in RDB using a conceptual level mapping approach.Methods/Statistical analysis: Many diverse approaches and related languages for mapping RDB to RDF have been proposed. The prominent achievements of mapping RDB to RDF are two standard draft Direct Mapping and R2RML proposed by W3C RDB2RDF Working Group. This paper analyzes these conventional mapping approaches and proposes a new approach based on schema mapping. The paper also presents SPARQL query processing in RDB.Findings: There are distinct differences between instance level mapping and conceptual level mapping for RDB2RDF. Data redundancy of instance level mapping causes many inevitable problems during mapping procedure. The conceptual level mapping can provide straightforward and efficient way. The ER model in RDB and RDF model in Linked Data have obvious similarity. The ER model describes entities and relationships, which is the conceptual schema of RDB. RDF model consists of three parts: subject, predicate and object, which is the standard model for data interchange on the Web. The entities in ER model and subjects in RDF model are all the things that can be anything in the real world. Both the relationships in ER model and predicates in RDF model describe the relations between things.Since RDB and RDF share the similar modeling approach at the schema level, it is reasonable that mapping approach should be based on RDB schema. This kind of conceptual level mapping also can provide efficient SPARQL query processing in RDB.Improvements/Applications: The paper realizes SPARQL query processing in RDB, which is based on conceptual level mapping. The query experiments show that it is a concise and efficient way to populate Linked Data.

P043: Standards for change: developing international minimum standards for the care of older people in the emergency department

Introduction: Emergency departments (ED) across Canada acknowledge the need to transform in order to provide high quality care for the increasing proportion of older patients presenting for treatment. Older people are more complex than younger ED users. They have a disproportionately high use of EDs, increased rates of hospitalization, and are more likely to suffer adverse events. The objective of this initiative was to develop minimum standards for the care of older people in the emergency department. Methods: We created a panel of international leaders in geriatrics and emergency medicine to develop a policy framework on minimum standards for care of older people in the ED. We conducted a literature review of international guidelines, frameworks, recommendations, and best practices for the acute care of older people and developed a draft standards document. This preliminary document was circulated to interdisciplinary members of the International Federation of Emergency Medicine (IFEM) geriatric emergency medicine (GEM) group. Following review, the standards were presented to the IFEM clinical practice group. At each step, verbal, written and online feedback were gathered and integrated into the final minimum standards document. Results: Following the developmental process, a series of eight minimum standard statements were created and accepted by IFEM. These standards utilise the IFEM Framework for Quality and Safety in the ED, and are centred on the recognition that older people are a core population of emergency health service users whose care needs are different from those of children and younger adults. They cover key areas, including the overall approach to older patients, the physical environment and equipment, personnel and training, policies and protocols, and strategies for navigating the health-care continuum. Conclusion: These standards aim to improve the evaluation, management and integration of care of older people in the ED in an effort to improve outcomes. The minimum standards represent a first step on which future activities can be built, including the development of specific indicators for each of the minimum standards. The standards are designed to apply across the spectrum of EDs worldwide, and it is hoped that they will act as a catalyst to change.

Intelligent Mortality Reporting With FHIR.

One pressing need in the area of public health is timely, accurate, and complete reporting of deaths and the diseases or conditions leading up to them. Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) is a new HL7 interoperability standard for electronic health record, while Sustainable Medical Applications and Reusable Technologies (SMART)-on-FHIR enables third-party app development that can work "out of the box." This paper demonstrates the feasibility of developing SMART-on-FHIR applications that enables medical professionals to perform timely and accurate death reporting within multiple different USA State jurisdictions. We explored how the information on a standard certificate of death can be mapped to resources defined in the FHIR standard Draft Standard for Trial Use Version 2 and common profiles. We also demonstrated analytics for potentially improving the accuracy and completeness of mortality reporting data.

Editorial

As announced at the EPPO Council meeting in September, I shall be retiring when my five-year term as Director-General finishes at the end of 2018. The last four years have gone quickly and left a long list of things for me to finish in what remains of the year; these include helping member countries to appoint a successor. The job advertisement is on the EPPO website, with a deadline in May and presentation of shortlisted candidates for election at the EPPO Council in September. It is hard to imagine a more interesting job in the field of plant health - a challenging mix of diplomat, manager and scientist. As well as leading the organisation, the Director-General plays an active role in delivering the work, chairing meetings and helping to forge expert consensus, for example on drafts of technical standards. The Director-General's expertise must be spread across a wide range of different subjects, but always has the support of the more in-depth knowledge of the rest of the Secretariat team and among national experts in EPPO's Panels, Working Groups and Working Parties. There is also a lot of physical ground to cover. In the course of working for EPPO I will have visited most of our 51 member countries (though by no means all of them) and have represented the EPPO region globally for example at annual meetings of all ten Regional Plant Protection Organizations. If you think you might be interested in applying do look at the advertisement on the EPPO website. Feel free also to speak in confidence to myself, to Karola Schorn (EPPO Chair) or to Françoise Petter (Assistant Director) if you would like more information about the job.

National standards of pharmaceutical education in the context of reforming legislation of higher education

Socially significant steps of Ukraine in issue of European integration are measures to reform legislation on higher education in context of Bologna process, namely: adoption of National Qualifications Framework and new edition of Law of Ukraine On Higher Education. The National Qualifications Framework (NQF, 2011) provides for the introduction of European standards and principles to ensure quality of education, taking into account requirements of labor market to competence of specialists. According to formal characteristics, NQF is a matrix with static support elements – descriptors, which determine vector of movement to a specific goal. The legal basis for modernization of educational activities and standards of higher education was new edition of Law of Ukraine On Higher (2014).The purpose of article is a scientific and analytical study of process of forming national standards for higher education, in particular, standards of pharmaceutical higher education.Materials and methods. The study was based on analysis of normative and legal and other normative acts on higher education, issues of standardization of higher education and systematization of qualifications, as well as scientific developments on this issue.Methods of research – bibliographic, linguistic, contextual, substantive-legal, comparative-legal, generalization, description of results.Results. Updating wording of Law of Ukraine On Higher Education, which is basic normative legal act of higher legal action in higher education, adjustment of its basic principles, concepts and approaches, objectively entailed renewal of entire regulatory and legal framework regulating organization of higher education. Equally, this also affected standards of higher education. This issue in Act is reserved Section III: Standards of educational activity and higher education, where terminological concept and general algorithm for formation of standard of higher education is precisely fixed. The draft standard of higher education in specialty 226 Pharmacy (master's degree) is developed as a result of intellectual cooperation of team of high-ranking scientists and teachers of pharmaceutical higher school. It forms basis for modernization of higher professional education on way of integration into European educational space.Conclusions: The draft standard of higher education developed by academic community on specialty 226 Pharmacy (master's degree) is based on relevant provisions of Law of Ukraine On Higher and Methodological Recommendations for its development and creates a basis for modernization of higher professional education on path of integration into European educational space . The question on urgent proper actions of National Agency for Quality Assurance of Higher Education and MES of Ukraine, for its implementation as a legitimate standard of higher education in relevant specialty. The existing draft standard of higher education in specialty 226 Pharmacy has potential for improvement.

Research on Standard Drafting Unit Evaluation Based on Ordered Factor Analysis Model

As the growing demand of evaluating the contribution rate of the standard drafting unit scientifically, the ordered factor analysis model is proved as more effective than the normal factor model in all three dimensions. Moreover, two methods of standard drafting Unit evaluation are given in this paper.

Study on original investigation, macroscopic and microscopic identification of pharmacopoeia contained species of Epmedii Folium

Epimedii Folium is a commonly used traditional Chinese drug, and now still depends on the wild resource. In recent years, with the surge in consumption, the resources are declining, the use of market varieties are constantly changing. In this paper, Production and sales situation of the five species contained in pharmacopoeia(Epimedium brevicornu, E. sagittatum, E. pubescens, E. koreanum and E. wushanense) have been studied on the basis of the existing researches, in-depth investigation and collection of accurate plant specimens and samples. And the origins of Epimedii Folium regulated by the pharmacopoeia have been discussed. At the same time, more exclusive and practical features have been summarized on the basis of observation and comparison with the stereo, optical and stereo-fluorescence microscopy technologies, and refering the related literatures on leaf structure and anatomy.The results of this study will provide a useful reference for the clinical medication, supervision, inspection, and standard drafting and so on.

Multichannel MAC Scheme to Deliver Real-Time Safety Packets in Dense VANET

Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) provides facility of driving assistance and multimedia services to the road users. To improve the Intelligent Transportation System, Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks are the most prominent area that improve the services of ITS. Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks apply multiple channel medium access control scheme according to the IEEE 1609.4 standard draft. According to the standard draft multiple channel medium access control scheme, channels are split into service channels (SCHs) and control channel (CCHs). This work proposes a dynamic control channel interval (DCI) MAC scheme that can variably fix the time interval between SCHs and CCH efficiently. This work divides the SCHs interval time into small interval time slots according to the current network traffic load.

Project Standard Design and Special Research Report

According to uniform standard underground building design regulations draft, the central international plaza, A/B block of underground commercial design of Xuzhou city as an example, the system of underground construction in the planning and construction requirements, general layout design, disaster prevention design three basic framework and 6 architectural design problems, in order for new regulations smoothly promulgated engineering design reasonable feasibility verification.In 2016, the standard quote Department of the Ministry of housing issued the standards for the construction of engineering standards in 2017 and revised plans (Draft), which lists 4 categories of total 113 standard researches, studies and revision plan. Including the national mandatory standards for construction projects, including technical specifications of outdoor water supply projects in public buildings and other 29 standards; and the construction of the recommended national standards, including public fiber broadband access project technical standards, civil air defense basement design standards for total 46 standards. "The underground building design standard" is a research branch, which belongs to the "planning technology ", is still in the stage of compilation of technical demonstration, "Xuzhou City Central International Plaza, AB block" was selected as a trial design project, which is designed by LIANCHUANG construction design company, and it make the "standardized underground architectural design draft " to the actual technical demonstration.

ACCCN Workforce Standards for Intensive Care Nursing: Systematic and evidence review, development, and appraisal

BackgroundThe intensive care nursing workforce plays an essential role in the achievement of positive healthcare outcomes. A growing body of evidence indicates that inadequate nurse staffing and poor skill mix are associated with negative outcomes for patients, and potentially compromises nurses’ ability to maintain the safety of those in their care. In Australia, the Australian College of Critical Care Nurses (ACCCN) has previously published a position statement on intensive care staffing. There was a need for a stronger more evidence based document to support the intensive nursing workforce. ObjectivesTo undertake a systematic and evidence review of the evidence related to intensive care nurse staffing and quality of care, and determine evidence-based professional standards for the intensive care nursing workforce in Australia. MethodsThe National Health and Medical Research Council standard for clinical practice guidelines methodology was employed. The English language literature, for the years 2000-2015 was searched. Draft standards were developed and then peer- and consumer-reviewed. ResultsA total of 553 articles was retrieved from the initial searches. Following evaluation, 231 articles met the inclusion criteria and were assessed for quality using established criteria. This evidence was used as the basis for the development of ten workforce standards, and to establish the overall level of evidence in support of each standard. All draft standards and their subsections were supported multi-professionally (median score >6) and by consumers (85–100% agreement). Following minor revisions, independent appraisal using the AGREE II tool indicated that the standards were developed with a high degree of rigour. ConclusionThe ACCCN intensive care nursing nurse workforce standards are the first to be developed using a robust, evidence-based process. The standards represent the optimal nurse workforce to achieve the best patient outcomes and to maintain a sustainable intensive care nursing workforce for Australia.

Patient-centred standards of care for adults with myositis

BackgroundThe idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM, myositis) are a heterogeneous group of chronic autoimmune disorders causing considerable physical and mental health impact. There is a lack of formalised guidance defining best practice for the management of myositis, contributing to inconsistent care provision and some patients feeling isolated and unsupported.To address these issues, we evaluated the clinical services available to adults with myositis in the UK. We then created patient-centred standards of care using a structured process involving patients, their relatives and caregivers, physicians and allied healthcare professionals.MethodsAfter an initial focus group, the clinical services available to patients with myositis were evaluated using a patient-completed questionnaire. Draft standards of care were created, each addressing deficits in care provision identified by patients. In response to feedback, including a two-stage modified Delphi exercise, these draft standards were iteratively improved until consensus was reached. Accompanying plain language versions of the standards of care and an audit tool were also created.ResultsWe identified issues regarding diagnostic pathways, access to specialist services, advice and support regarding employment, medication-related adverse events and the treatment of extra-muscular manifestations. Fifteen standards of care were drafted. After modification, agreement was reached on eleven final standards of care.ConclusionThese patient-centred standards of care for adults with myositis provide a benchmark for the evaluation of local practice. Their implementation will promote consistent good practice across care providers and empower patients when seeking access to local services.

Royal College of Nursing response to the draft standards for nurses.

Emeritus Professor Alan Glasper, University of Southampton, discusses the Royal College of Nursing's response to the Nursing and Midwifery Council consultation on standards to be finalised in spring 2018.

КРИПТОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ ПРОТОКОЛ АУТЕНТИФИКАЦИИ И ВЫРАБОТКИ ОБЩЕГО КЛЮЧА КОНТРОЛЬНЫХ УСТРОЙСТВ АВТОТРАНСПОРТА

We present a public key generation protocol. The key is used for subscriber authentication in tachographs installed on vehicles in order to provide traffic safety. The protocol is based on the well-known Russian cryptographic algorithms. It ensures integrity and authenticity of data transmitted through communication channel between the on-board devices and vehicle tachograph cards. The protocol was developed in accordance with the Rosstandart recommendations and complies with the development and modernization principles for data protection encryption (cryptographic) means. The protocol was suggested as a national standard draft and is open for public discussion in accordance with the established procedure. The main results of our study is the formulation of certain security tasks identical to those used by potential infringers to compromise the protocol. This allows one to account for structural features that will ensure further protocol compliance to the target security characteristics, as well as to guarantee subsequent justification of feature set sufficiency.

NMC reveals nursing associate draft standards

NMC reveals nursing associate draft standards