Dracaena Sanderiana Research Articles

Accumulation and distribution of lead (Pb) in different tissues of Lucky bamboo plants (Dracaena sanderiana)

Lucky bamboo plants (Dracaena sanderiana) were used to study the accumulation and distribution of lead (Pb) in tissues of root, stem and leaf, as well as the impact of lead accumulation on the anatomical structure of these tissues. Dracaena sanderiana plants were exposed to Pb(NO3)2 solution at the Pb concentrations of 0; 200; 400; 600; 800; 1,000; 2,000; 3,000 and 4,000 mg/L for 60 days. The results showed that the more the Pb concentration was used, the more the amount of lead was accumulated and deposited. The tolerance limit of Dracaena sanderiana was 800 mg/L of Pb in water. The lethal concentration for plants was 4,000 mg/L Pb. When the concentrations of Pb in the solution were higher than the tolerance limit of the plant, the growth of Dracaena sanderiana could be inhibited. Dracaena sanderiana could accumulate up to 39,235 mg/kg Pb in the presence of Pb at 800 mg/L. Lead was accumulated mainly in roots (97.5%) and deposited mainly in the cell walls and the spaces between cells in tissues of roots. In the stems and leaves of Dracaena sanderiana, lead accumulation was limited and distributed mainly around vascular bundles. Lead accumulation caused changes in the anatomical structure of root, stem and leaf tissues. The accumulation and distribution of Pb is mainly in the cell walls and the space of cells; it could be a detoxification

Occurrence of Stem and Leaf Spots on Lucky Bamboo (Dracaena sanderiana hort. ex. mast.) Plants in Vase and its Cure with Safe Means

Lucky bamboo (Dracaena sanderiana) plants showing stem and leaf spots symptoms of each observed season were monitored during a survey that was conducted in four periods from 2018 to 2019. There were significant differences between the four periods, as well as the mean percentages of infection and disease severity were high (45.92, 44.41 % and 46.15, 55.67%, respectively) During the first (March-May) and third (August-October) study periods in 2018. The same disease symptoms occurred at the same time of observation during 2019 in the several surveyed nurseries, and the percentage of infection and disease severity recorded were in the same trend. There were twelve different fungal pathogens identified as Absidia spinosa, A. Cylindrospora, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. terreus,Aspergillus sp., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium avenaceum, F. oxysporum, F. solani, and Trichoderma harzianum where Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was the most common (26.93 and 26.34 for leaves and stems, respectively). The pathogenicity tests were carried out, where C. gloeosporioides were the most aggressive. The systemic fungicide Kemazed® and biocontrol agents were demonstrated to be effective in controlling three of the most common aggressive fungi. i.e., C. gloesporioides, F. Oxysporum and A. alternata, In vitro colony growth of fungal isolates was significantly reduced as compared to the untreated control. The bioagents tested had significant antagonistic activity against C. gloesporioides growth on bamboo in a vase, according to the results, with Kemazed® showing the most consistent highest inhibition effect, followed by Rhizo-N®and Plant Guard®, respectively, when compared to the untreated control.

The development of an organic air cleaner (OAC) to reduce CO2 level of air-conditioned rooms without fresh air supply

This paper reports on the development of an organic air cleaner (OAC), an interior architectural element that optimises plants’ CO2 absorption in nonventilated air-conditioned rooms. Sansevieria trifasciata, Dracaena sanderiana, Scindapsus aureus and Syngonium podophyllum were explored. Two methods were adopted: the plants’ CO2 uptake was measured, and the results were used for the computer simulation inputs. An OAC works automatically by exposing the plants to indoor or outdoor air when the plants are in, consecutively, CO2 absorbtion or emission phase. Computer simulations found that the most efficient placement for OACs to absorb CO2 is to put them far from ACs.

Evaluation of anti-pyretic activity of Dracaena sanderiana by Brewer’s yeast method

These medicinal plants are used to develop a therapy for the disease. To improve the science, investigate the scientific proof and activities validation, therefore the use of various herbal remedies for their pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory action in these current days. includes influence, anti-inflammatory, anti effect, analgesia, effects and some beneficial effects on the GI system. show the potential value of pain relief, cancer prevention and weight loss. According to these plant effects, consider that this present study was mainly based on to investigate and likely to reduce the fever caused by the outdoor and indoor. potential of is evidenced in leave studies. The medicinal plant produces a variety of chemical substances which shows significant therapeutic properties with the standard drug paracetamol.

Risk-Based and Adaptive Invasive Mosquito Surveillance at Lucky Bamboo and Used Tire Importers in the Netherlands.

The detection of Aedes albopictus in Lucky bamboo (Dracaena sanderiana) greenhouses and Ae. atropalpus at used tire importers illustrates that the Netherlands is exposed to the risk of introductions of invasive mosquito species (IMS). In this study we implemented a risk-based and adaptive surveillance (2010-16) in order to detect introductions and prevent potential proliferation of IMS at these locations. Results at Lucky bamboo greenhouses show that interceptions of Ae. albopictus occurred every year, with 2010 and 2012 being the years with most locations found positive for this species (n = 6), and 2015 the year with the highest percentage of positive samples (4.1%). Furthermore, our results demonstrate that Ae. japonicus can also be associated with the import of Lucky bamboo. At used tire companies, IMS were found at 12 locations. Invasive mosquito species identified were Ae. albopictus, Ae. atropalpus, Ae. aegypti, and Ae. japonicus, of which Ae. albopictus has been found every year since 2010. The proportion of samples containing IMS was significantly higher before application of a covenant between the used tire importers and the Dutch government in 2013 (12.96%) than in the successive 3 years (2014 [6.93%], 2015 [4.24%], 2016 [5.09%], 1-sided binomial test, P < 0.01). It is concluded that risk-based and adaptive surveillance is an effective methodology for detection of IMS, and that application of governmental management measures in combination with mosquito control has stabilized the situation.

The Development of a Live Air Cleaner as Indoor Garden for an Unventilated Air Conditioned Room

Urban temperatures continue to increase due to urban heat island and global warming. Air temperatures in warm, humid tropical cities have exceeded 32 o C. To achieve thermal comfort in buildings, people adopted air conditioners (ACs) that can consume more than 40% of the building's electrical energy. Air conditioning is often not accompanied by a supply of fresh outdoor air to minimize heat gain from the warm outdoor air. In that unventilated room, the CO 2 concentration easily exceeds 1,000 ppm and causes discomfort. Plants such as Dracaena sanderiana require CO 2 for photosynthesis. At the same time, they produce O 2 . Dracaena sanderiana has the potential to keep CO 2 concentrations in the room for not exceeding the comfort limit. That plant can be integrated into architectural elements, both interior and exterior (combined with windows or facades), in the form of a living air purifier or Live Air Cleaner (LAC). This research developed a LAC in the form of an interior garden that can be used as an interior architectural element. The application of LAC helps to save the electrical energy of unventilated air-conditioned rooms while preventing the room CO 2 concentration from reaching the maximum limit of indoor CO 2 level acceptable to humans . The research adopted experimental methods using three experiment chambers to measure the Dracaena sanderiana ’s CO 2 absorption efficiency. The experiments found that Dracaena sanderiana had a unique performance, which should be considered when it is used as a live air cleaner. Though this plant absorbs CO 2 , its efficiency is low. Sufficient volume of Dracaena sanderiana is needed if it is to reduce indoor CO 2 concentration. Keywords: Live Air Cleaner, Air conditioning, Indoor garden, CO2 absorption

Production of spirals fromDracaena sanderianacanes as value added products

Production of spirals from<i>Dracaena sanderiana</i>canes as value added products

Two-step system consisting of novel vertical flow and free water surface constructed wetland for effective sewage treatment and reuse

This study developed a unique system by combining the novel vertical flow (NVF) using expanded clay (ExC) and free flow surface constructed wetland (FWS) for dormitory sewage purification and reuse. The NVF tank consisted of filter layers of ExC, sandy soil, sand, and gravel. The FWS consisted of sandy soil substrate and was installed after the NVF. Colocasia esculenta and Dracaena sanderiana was planted in NVF and FWS, respectively. The treatment system was operated and tested for more than 21 weeks by increasing the hydraulic loading rate (HLR) from 0.02 m/d to 0.12 m/d. The results demonstrated that effluents in the system changed proportionally to the HLRs, except for nitrate nitrogen. Furthermore, the maximum removal efficiencies for TSS, BOD5, NH4-N, and Tcol were 76 ± 13%, 74 ± 11%, 90 ± 3%, and 59 ± 18% (0.37 ± 0.19 log10MPN/100 mL), respectively. At HLRs of 0.04–0.06 m/d, the treatment system satisfied the limits of agriculture irrigation.

First Report of Leaf Blight Wilt on Dracaena sanderiana by Pantoea stewartii subsp. indologenes in China

Dracaena sanderiana is one of the important export ornamental plants in southern China. Zhanjiang district, Guangdong province, is one of the main areas to process and export D. sanderiana. The annual export value was $6.5 million in 2018. In Zhanjiang district, D. sanderiana was seriously affected by a disease in the field in 2017 with an incidence of 35 to 80%. Both young and older leaves developed necrotic lesions with small water-soaked spots at the tip or at the margin of the leaves, which then enlarged and were bordered by chlorosis. Diseased plants were collected in Zhanjiang city (110°50′ E, 21°54′ N), Nanning city (108°22′ E, 22°48′ N), and Haikou city (114°40′ E, 20°02′ N). Three diseased leaves from each province were surface disinfected in a 1% hypochlorite solution. Nine bacterial isolates were recovered from the samples. Colonies were raised and opaque with smooth margins. The bacteria were gram-negative, rod-shaped, 0.4 to 0.6 × 0.8 to 1.9 μm, had no endospore, and were facultative anaerobes. For molecular identification, the direct colony PCR method (Lu et al. 2012) was used to amplify the 16S rDNA, galE, pstC+pstS, and glmS using the primer pairs 16SF/16SR (Lu et al. 2012), #562/#564, #338/#339, and #356/#341 (Gehring et al. 2014). The resulting sequences were deposited in GenBank (MK321579, MK321583, and MK321587 for 16S; MK321580, MK321584, and MK321588 for galE; MK321581, MK321585, and MK321589 for pstC+pstS; MK321582, MK321586, and MK321590 for glmS). BLAST searches with the four gene sequences revealed the greatest similarity with the sequences of Pantoea stewartii. The sequences that matched with the four genes of the isolates in the genome of P. stewartii subsp. stewartii (CP017581.1) and P. stewartii subsp. indologenes (JPKO01000031.1 and JPKO01000005.1) were downloaded. The concatenated sequences were aligned by Mega 6.0 with the neighbor-joining method. Analyses showed that the concatenated sequences were more similar to the sequence of the P. stewartii subsp. indologenes than that of P. stewartii subsp. stewartii. Amplification using subspecies-specific primers also proved that the three isolates were P. stewartii subsp. indologenes (Gehring et al. 2014). Three isolates were selected for pathogenicity tests according to Koch’s postulates. Six plants at the five- to seven-leaf stage were inoculated with each isolate separately, and three to four leaves of each plant were inoculated. Leaves were inoculated with the isolates by hand infiltration (Choi et al. 2013) and suspension injection (Paccola-Meirelles et al. 2001). A ∼10⁸ CFU/ml bacteria suspension was prepared. Sterile distilled water was used as a control. Inoculated plants were placed in an incubator at 25°C, and 80% humidity under a 12-h light/dark cycle for 7 days. After 3 days of incubation, water-soaked yellow spots at the infiltration or injection sites were observed in all the inoculated plants, except the negative control. The water-soaked yellow spots enlarged and became necrotic, usually bordered by a yellow halo that matched those seen in fields. The bacteria were then reisolated from the lesions and found to have the same morphology of the colonies and 16S rDNA sequences of the inoculum. According to morphological and sequence analysis, the pathogen was identified as P. stewartii subsp. indologenes. P. stewartii caused disease on imported D. sanderiana in Korea (Choi et al. 2013), as reported previously. This is the first report of disease of D. sanderiana caused by P. stewartii subsp. indologenes in China. Identification of the causal organism of this disease is essential for the development of economical management practices.

Effects of Exogenous Application of Osmotic Adjustment Substances on Growth, Pigment Concentration, and Physiological Parameters of Dracaena sanderiana Sander under Different Levels of Salinity

We evaluated two osmotic adjustment substances (glycine betaine (GB) and glycine (G) and a combination of both glycine + glycine betaine (G + GB) using two modes of application; irrigation and foliar sprays with Dracaena sanderiana plants. The plants were grown in containers and subjected to two levels of NaCl concentrations (2.0 and 7.5 dS m−1) over 8 weeks. Growth, pigment concentrations, and physiological parameters were assessed at the end of the trial. The foliar application of GB resulted in most optimal plant growth and biomass production in the presence of NaCl. The chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations showed different trends depending on the osmotic adjustment substance applied and the mode of application. Stomatal density and dimensions varied considerably with respect to the osmotic adjustment substance supplied. The concentration of soluble sugars in leaves did not show a clear trend under the different treatments assessed. The exogenous application of G resulted in the highest concentration of free proline and proteins in leaves. The antioxidant capacity in leaves increased with both osmotic adjustment substances, and both means of application, under low and high saline conditions. We concluded that the foliar application of GB can be recommended in order to achieve cost-effective growth of D. sanderiana under saline conditions.

Bacterial blight on Dracaena sanderiana caused by Burkholderia cepacia

In 2018, severe bacterial blight was observed on Dracaena sanderiana plants imported and cultivated by a commercial nursery in Jinju, South Korea. This indoor plant is popularly grown for indoor air purification to prevent sick building syndrome (SBS). The diseased plants had severe blight symptoms, with leaf chlorosis and crumpling of stem and leaves. To identify the causal agent, we performed bacterial isolation, pathogenicity tests, physiological analysis, sequencing of the 16S rRNA region and recA gene, and phylogenetic analysis; the bacterial pathogen was identified as Burkholderia cepacia. This is the first report of bacterial blight on D. sanderiana caused by B. cepacia. Although there is no clear epidemiological information on the inoculum source, the recent occurrence of the disease indicates that B. cepacia is a potential threat to the production of indoor dracaena plants, which are increasingly used for air purification in SBS. Because D. sanderiana is grown in indoor living spaces, B. cepacia infection could threaten human health as well.

Web The Effects of Dracaena Sanderiana Extract on The Rooting of Myrtle Cuttings

In this paper, to identify a utilization direction for the processing waste of dracaena sanderiana and improve the rooting rate of myrtle cuttings, with rooting rate, average number of roots and average root length as rooting indicators, we discussed the effects of D. sanderiana extract, different concentrations, IAA and other factors on the rooting of myrtle cuttings. The results showed that D. sanderiana aqueous extract had a comparable rooting-promoting effect to that of IAA and suggested that a rooting-promoting substance existed in D. sanderiana extract, which can provide an experimental technical support for a cheap, non-toxic and effective specialized rooting agent for myrtle, as well as the cutting breeding of myrtle.

Suitability of foliage plants for indoor decoration based on CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emission and absorption rate and stomata density

Use of foliage plants for indoor decoration is pursuing tradition in several cultures. With contemporary living patterns, frequent replacement of indoor plants has become impractical. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to identify indoor plants with low carbon dioxide (CO2) emission or CO2 absorption ability in nights to be kept continuously indoors. Five common indoor plants (Cryptanthus sp., Dieffenbachia seguine, Dracaena sanderiana, Sansevieria trifasciata and Zamioculcas zamiifolia) were placed separately in 1000 L airtight chambers for 12 h in the dark. The CO2 level in each chamber was measured before and after the experiment and the difference was calculated. The stomatal count of both adaxial and abaxial surfaces was taken in each plant type to determine the relationship between CO2 emission/absorption efficiency and stomatal density of tested ornamental species. From the test plant species, D. seguine, D. sanderiana and Z. zamiifolia, showed positive CO2 equilibrium in the chambers and the CO2 increments were 0.16 ppm cm-2, 0.39 ppm cm-2 and 0.18 ppm cm-2 of leaf area, respectively. Both Cryptanthus sp. and S. trifasciata showed negative CO2 equilibrium at around -0.20 ppm cm-2 of leaf area. Sansevieria trifasciata and D. sanderiana possessed stomata in both adaxial and abaxial surfaces, while stomatal number in adaxial surface of other three test plant species was negligible. The average number of stomata Cryptanthus sp. was 5.56x10⁴ cm⁻2, D. seguine 5.03x10⁴ cm⁻2, D. sanderiana 9.05x10⁴ cm⁻2, S. trifasciata 5.25x10⁴ cm⁻2 and Z. zamiifolia 3.51x10⁴ cm⁻2. Stomata in Cryptanthus sp. and S. trifasciata close during day time and open at night. Present study concludes that potted Cryptanthus sp. and S. trifasciata (plants with CAM photosynthesis pathway) used for indoor decoration absorb CO2 during the night, and hence, are safe to keep indoors during day and night.

Bisphenol A removal from a plastic industry wastewater by Dracaena sanderiana endophytic bacteria and Bacillus cereus NI

Understanding the significance of plant-endophytic bacteria for bisphenol A (BPA) removal is of importance for any application of organic pollutant phytoremediation. In this research, Dracaena sanderiana with endophytic Pantoea dispersa showed higher BPA removal than uninoculated plants at 89.54 ± 0.88% and 79.08 ± 1.20%, respectively. Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qPCR) showed that P. dispersa increased from 3.93 × 107 to 8.80 × 107 16S rRNA gene copy number in root tissues from day 0 to day 5 which indicated that it could assist the plant in removing BPA during the treatment period. pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total dissolved solids (TDS), conductivity, and salinity were reduced after 5 days of the experimental period. Particularly, BOD significantly decreased due to activities of the plants and microorganisms. Furthermore, an indigenous bacterial strain, Bacillus cereus NI, from the wastewater could remove BPA in high TDS and alkalinity condition of the wastewater. This work suggests that D. sanderiana plants could be used as a tertiary process in a wastewater treatment system and should be combined with its endophytic bacteria. In addition, B. cereus NI could also be applied for BPA removal from wastewaters with high TDS and salinity.

Fusarium solani causing stem rot and wilt of lucky Bamboo (Dracaena sanderiana) in India-first record

Lucky Bamboo (Dracaena sanderiana Sander ex Mast) is a tropical evergreen perennial woody, shrubby species. This is native of Cameroon area in tropical West Africa. This has flexible strap-shaped leaves and slender stems. Being an indoor house plant it grows very well under indirect lighting and have gained popularity because of adoption of new age culture. It multiplies readily by stem cuttings. In year 2014–2017, stem rot and wilt symptoms were observed in D. sanderiana cuttings. The first observed symptoms were yellowing in leaves with wilting. In due course of time the leaves turned dry and light brown with necrosis. On splitting open, rotted areas were seen in the middle with a visible brown discoloration in cortical region. The infected plants died within a few weeks. The fungal pathogen Fusarium was observed and isolated from the collar, roots, stems. This was morphologically confirmed as Fusarium solani and also through amplification and sequencing in ITS region, which showed cent percent similarity with the sequences of F. solani available in NCBI genbank. As per record in literature this is the first record of stem rot and wilt caused by F. solani in plants of D. sanderiana from India.

Purification of Eutrophic Water by Five Aqua-Cultured Plants in Lake Hongfeng, Guiyang, China

The purification efficiency of eutrophic water by five aqua-cultured plants (Chlorophytum comosum, Salix babylonica, Dracaena sanderiana, Myriophyllum verticillatum, Alternanthera philoxeroides) in Lake Hongfeng, China, was investigated. The results indicated that the biomass of Myriophyllum verticillatum and Alternanthera philoxeroides reached the highest level in 87 days after transplant. The removal efficiencies of total nitrate (TN), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (CODCr), and chlorophyll (Chl-a) by the plants ranged from 44% to 96%. The Secchi depth (SD) increased from 0.08-0.1 m to 1.3-3.2 m for the experiments with five cultivars of aqua-cultured plants. Purification efficiency of eutrophic water correlated significantly, in a positive way, with biomass amount and plant productivity. The Carlson’s trophic state indexes decreased from 76 to 21 when the cultivar was Myriophyllum verticillatum, suggesting that Myriophyllum verticillatum can be selected as the plant to remediate karst drainage areas of Guizhou Plateau, where the water body underwent eutrophication. The research results provided a good case for lake environmental management and recovery in karst areas of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, China.

Removal of Trimethylamine from Indoor Air Using Potted Plants under Light and Dark Conditions

ABSTRACT A phytoremediation was evaluated as a solution for mitigating the fishy odor, or trimethylamine (TMA), that occurs in the seafood industry, including fresh markets. A synthetic TMA chemical was used to generate the fishy odor, and eight types of potted plants—Prickly pear cactus, Dracaena sanderiana Sander, Dieffenbachia camilla, Tradescantia spathacea, Peperomia magnoliifolia, Chlorophytum comosum, Cereus hexagonus (L.) Mill., and Scindapsus aureus—were selected as candidates for removing TMA in light and dark conditions. The results showed that S. aureus had the highest TMA removal efficiency in light conditions after 72 h (> 95%). However, it had very low efficiency under dark conditions, suggesting that S. aureus should be placed in locations with all-day light sources. On the other hand, cactus types (C. hexagonus (L.) Mill. and Prickly pear cactus) are highly efficient at removing TMA in both light and dark conditions after 72 h (> 90%) and may therefore be more suitable for real-world environments containing both light and dark conditions.

Pest categorisation of Pantoeastewartii subsp. stewartii.

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Plant Health Panel performed a pest categorisation of Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii (hereafter P. s. subsp. stewartii). P. s. subsp. stewartii is a Gram‐negative bacterium that causes Stewart's vascular wilt and leaf blight of sweet corn and maize, a disease responsible for serious crop losses throughout the world. The bacterium is endemic to the USA and is now present in Africa, North, Central and South America, Asia and Ukraine. In the EU, it is reported from Italy with a restricted distribution and under eradication. The bacterium is regulated according to Council Directive 2000/29/EC (Annex IIAI) as a harmful organism whose introduction and spread in the EU is banned on seeds of Zea mays. Other reported potential host plants include various species of the family Poaceae, including weeds, rice (Oryza sativa), oat (Avena sativa) and common wheat (Triticum aestivum), as well as jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), the ornamental Dracaena sanderiana and the palm Bactris gasipaes, but there is uncertainty about whether these are hosts of P. s. subsp. stewartii or of the other subspecies. The pest could enter the EU via host plants for planting (including seed) and via insect vectors from neighbouring countries. Host plants are widely distributed and climatic conditions are conducive in the EU. P. s. subsp. stewartii could spread by movement of host plants for planting (including seeds) and insect vectors. Impacts could occur on maize and rice. Methods to certify pest freedom of maize seeds are available. The main knowledge gaps concern the availability of vectors in the EU, the level of susceptibility of the maize cultivars grown in the EU, the virulence of strains in recent outbreaks, and the host range of the bacterium. The criteria assessed by the Panel for consideration as a potential quarantine pest are met.

Botanical biofilter for indoor toluene removal and reduction of carbon dioxide emission under low light intensity by using mixed C3 and CAM plants

Abstract Botanical biofilters are an interesting technology for indoor air pollution control. However, when growing plants under indoor air conditions with low light intensity (10–50 μmole PAR m−2 s−1), they seem to emit CO2 to the environment. In order to solve this problem, a combination of C3 and CAM plants might be able to decrease the level of CO2 emission and increase pollutant-removal efficiency. Therefore, an effective botanical biofilter with mixed plants was studied. The CO2 emissions from high benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) removal plants including Zamioculcas zamiifolia (facultative CAM), Dracaena sanderiana (C3), Chlorophytum comosum (C3), Euphorbia milii (CAM cycling), Sansevieria kirkii (CAM), and Sansevieria trifasciata (CAM) were investigated. C. comosum and S. trifasciata emitted very low CO2 under both light (50 μmole PAR m−2 s−1) and dark conditions. These two plant species (total leaf area of 500 cm2) were used in the botanical biofilter. The results showed that the botanical biofilter with a mixture of C. comosum and S. trifasciata plants could rapidly remove 1 m3 of 1 ± 0.2 ppm (3.9–4.7 mg m−3) toluene-contaminated air within only 2–3 h. In addition, the mixed plant system also showed low CO2 emission under both light and dark conditions. The combination of C3 and CAM plants offers an alternative method to limit CO2 emissions from a botanical biofilter under low light-intensity conditions.

Dracaena sanderiana endophytic bacteria interactions: Effect of endophyte inoculation on bisphenol A removal

Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most abundant endocrine-disrupting compounds which is found in the aquatic environment. However, actual knowledge regarding the effect of plant-bacteria interactions on enhancing BPA removal is still lacking. In the present study, Dracaena sanderiana endophytic bacteria interactions were investigated to evaluate the effect of bacterial inoculation on BPA removal under hydroponic conditions. Two plant growth-promoting (PGP) bacterial strains, Bacillus thuringiensis and Pantoea dispersa, which have high BPA tolerance and can utilize BPA for growth, were used as plant inocula. P. dispersa-inoculated plants showed the highest BPA removal efficiency at 92.32 ± 1.23% compared to other inoculated and non-inoculated plants. This was due to a higher population of the endophytic inoculum within the plant tissues which resulted in maintained levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) for the plant's physiological needs and lower levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In contrast, B. thuringiensis-inoculated plants had a lower BPA removal efficiency. However, individual B. thuringiensis possessed a significantly higher BPA removal efficiency compared to P. dispersa. This study provides convincing evidence that not all PGP endophytic bacteria-plant interactions could improve the BPA removal efficiency. Different inocula and inoculation times should be investigated before using plant inoculation to enhance phytoremediation.