DPPH Technique Research Articles

Chemical Profiling of Kalangkala (Litsea angulata) Seed Using LC-HRMS as Antioxidants

Kalangkala (Litsea angulata) is one of the most frequent florae utilized in traditional medicine in the Kalimantan area, and this showed significant antioxidant activity on the part of the seeds. Ability antioxidants it has seed sometimes become potency development material natural as material standard medicine, so need did its identification compounds present in seeds sometimes. Research purposes: this is to identify compound potential antioxidants as candidate materials for active pharmacy. The method used is to test the activity of antioxidants using the DPPH technique from the n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol kalangkala seed fractions, achieved by identifying components using LC-HRMS. Research results show that the IC50 values from the n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol kalangkala seed fraction are, respectively, 52.05, 46.10, and 32.84 ppm. Identification results compound from methanol fraction with activity antioxidant best show 5 major compounds with abundant more than 3% are 3-[(2E)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-yl]-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid, 2-[(2E)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-yl]-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone, Betaine, Choline, and (4E,6E)-4,6-Tetradecadiene-8,10,12-triyn-1-yl acetate.

Antioxidant Activity of Lotion From Sonneratia caseolaris Leaves and Trigona sp. Propolis Extract

Daily activities can trigger free radicals due to air pollution and increase the decline in skin health. One of the prevention efforts by using a lotion that made from natural ingredients. Natural ingredients such as Sonneratia caseolaris leaves and Trigona sp. bee propolis are still limited used in the form of lotion combination preparations. The purpose of this study was to explore the antioxidant activity of a combination lotion of S. caseolaris leaves and Trigona sp. bee propolis. Antioxidant activity was detemine by used the DPPH technique with lotion formula combination of S. caseolaris leaves and Trigona sp. bee propolis. F1 (1:1), F2 (2:1) and F3 (1:2) accompanied by a physical stability test of the lotion. The results showed that preparations F1, F2, F3 had strong antioxidants in the concentration range of 60-100 ppm. The three formulas met the criteria for a stable lotion preparation. The combination lotion formula has potential in the development of cosmetic products from natural ingredients.

Structural investigation, DNA/Mpox/COVID-19 molecular docking, and biological assays of two novel Co(II) and Cu(II) complexes derived from tri- and bi-dentate pyridyl-functionalized phosphoramide ligand [Ph]P(O)[NH-2Py]2

Phosphoramides have recently gained significant attention in medical and pharmaceutical research due to their diverse biological applications, including anticancer and antiviral drugs. Here, novel phosphoramide complexes [Co(II){(O)P[NH-2Py]2[Ph]}2][CoCl4] (1) and [Cu(II){(O)P[O][NH-2Py][Ph]}2{OH2}].2H2O (2) derived from [Ph]P(O)[NH-2Py]2 were synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, CHN elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction. In these discrete chelate complexes the phosphoramide [Ph]P(O)[NH-2Py]2 moiety acts as a flexible tridentate O,N,N-donor ligand for 1 or bidentate N,O-donor ligand for 2. The metal cation has a hexa-coordinate M(N)4(O)2 environment adopting a distorted octahedral geometry for 1 and a penta-coordinate M(N)2(O)3 environment with a distorted square pyramidal geometry for 2. The supramolecular assemblies have 1D linear arrangements along the [201] axis formed via NH…Cl hydrogen bond interactions for 1 and 2D arrangements parallel to the ab plane formed via classical NH…O and OH…O hydrogen bonds for 2. The in vitro anticancer activity of 1 and 2 was assessed against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line showing a good inhibitory effect for both compounds, especially for the Cu(II) complex 2 with a IC50 of 29 ± 2.1 nmolar. Antioxidant and anti-hemolytic potential of 1 and 2 was experimentally evaluated using the DPPH technique showing suitable performance for both compounds. The binding capacity of 1 and 2 to DNA was investigated using molecular docking simulations showing a good correlation with the experimental in vitro results. The results reveal mixed modes of interactions between the compounds with the DNA receptor confirming a suitable DNA-binding ability for both 1 and 2. In silico molecular docking technique was also employed to provide a detailed prediction of the binding affinity of the studied compounds for SARS-CoV-2 (−6.5 kcal/mol) and Monkeypox (−8.4 kcal/mol)) which competes with current effective drugs.

Preparation Protein Hydrolysate From Moringa Oleifera and Its Use as Fortified Vegetarian Food

The moringa oleifera tree is known as a "miracle tree" because of its abundance in certain macro and micronutrients that are crucial to human nutrition. Depending on the cultivar and origin, the chemical makeup of the various Moringa tree sections might change. There are several uses for M. oleifera leaves, seeds, and flowers in food. Protein isolate from seed flour and protease extraction from leaves were prepared for this investigation. The protein was then partially purified using ammonium sulphate with saturated 75% and dialyzed, after which the specific activity (22.161, 65.422, and 115.064 U/mg) was recorded. Protease was used to create the protein hydrolysate through enzymatic hydrolysis, and the DPPH technique was used to calculate the antioxidant activity. Amino acid analysis and FTIR were determined. Lastly, moringa protein hydrolysate was introduced to the product, such as putties, in place of the moringa instead of the meat.

Clove mediated synthesis of Ag-ZnO doped fucoidan nanocomposites and their evaluation of antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxicity efficacy study

The Ag-ZnO/Fu nanocomposites were successfully synthesized in an environmentally friendly manner using an aqueous Clove buds extract from the Syzygium aromaticum plant. They were then examined for antibacterial activity against bacterium strains of Escherichia coli, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus faecalis. The UV–Visible spectrophotometry analysis confirmed the presence of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles at 334 nm, silver oxide (Ag) nanoparticles at 416 nm, and fucoidan at 589 nm in the synthesized nanocomposites. The FT-IR analysis confirmed the presence of five different functional linkages in the synthesized nanocomposites. The positions of diffraction peaks in pure Ag-ZnO/Fu nanocomposite patterns were identified using XRD analysis. The Ag-ZnO/Fu nanocomposites synthesized are more crystalline (77 %), and less amorphous (22.2 %). Silver, O, and Zn signals were detected in the SEM and EDX spectra of the Ag-ZnO/Fu nanocomposite. Different strains of Ag-ZnO/Fu nanocomposites showed stronger antibacterial properties. The DPPH technique was used to perform the antioxidant assay. Cytotoxicity testing was carried out on zebrafish embryos treated with several groups of Clove Ag ZnO/Fucoidan. The combination Ag-ZnO/Fucoidan (300 mg/mL) showed a marginally significant difference in survival (94 %).

Enhancing phenolic and lipid compound production in oat bran via acid pretreatment and solid-state fermentation with Aspergillus niger

Oat (Avena sativa) processing generates a large amount of by-products, especially oat bran. These by-products are excellent sources of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and essential fatty acids. Therefore, enhancing the extraction of these bioactive substances and incorporating them into the human diet is critical. This study investigates the effect of acid pretreatment on the solid-state fermentation of oat bran with Aspergillus niger, with an emphasis on the bioaccessibility of phenolic acids and lipid profile. The results showed a considerable increase in reducing sugars following acid pretreatment. On the sixth day, there was a notable increase in the total phenolic content, reaching 58.114 ± 0.09 mg GAE/g DW, and the vanillic acid level significantly rose to 77.419 ± 0.27 μg/g DW. The lipid profile study revealed changes ranging from 4.66 % in the control to 7.33 % on the sixth day of SSF. Aside from biochemical alterations, antioxidant activity measurement using the DPPH technique demonstrated the maximum scavenging activity on day 4 (83.33 %). This study highlights acid pretreatment's role in enhancing bioactive compound accessibility in solid-state fermentation and its importance for functional food development.

Analisis GC-MS Minyak Atsiri dan Uji Antioksidan Kulit Jeruk Manis (Citrus sinensis) Sebagai Lip Balm

Antioxidants are chemicals that can inhibit or stop other molecules from oxidizing. Antioxidants can be found in the fruit known as sweet orange (Citrus sinensis). Orange peel essential oil is utilized in processed foods, medicines, cosmetics, and aromatherapy in the medical field. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the chemical content and antioxidant potential of sweet orange peel to be used as a lip balm. Processing sweet orange peel, steam distillation of essential oil, GC-MS analysis, formulating lip balm preparation, assessing lip balm preparation, and measuring antioxidant activity using a spectrophotometer and DPPH technique, were part of this study. Essential oil from sweet orange peel (Citrus sinensis L.) was analyzed using GC-MS (Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectroscopy), and the results obtained in this study were 1.4 - Cyclohexadiene, 1 - methyl. The lip balm formulation containing essential oil was evaluated as the most preferred formulation. The IC50 value of sweet orange peel essential oil was determined to be 85.2595386 ppm, which converts the antioxidant to strong.

Synthesis, characterization, biological applications of novel coumarine azo-dye ligand and its transition metal complexes: Simultaneous electrochemical detection of paracetamol and uric acid

Coumarin is a well-known pharmacophore and structure with wide-ranging applications. It is a member of the heterocyclic family. Furthermore, metal complexes can improve the drug action and efficacy of organic therapeutic agents. Various physical and spectroscopic procedures are used to synthesize and characterize the novel azo dye ligand (HDM) and its transition metal complexes for their geometrical composition. The well diffusion method and DPPH technique were used to measure the antimicrobial potency and antioxidant levels, respectively. MTT analysis was performed to assess anticancer activity for Hela and P53 cell lines. CV and DPV were used to confirm the electro catalytic ability of [Co(HDM)2(H2O)2]/GCE (modified electrode) towards various concentrations of paracetamol and uric acid. The modified electrode performed well as a sensor with paracetamol and uric acid concentration of CV 10 to 80 µmol/L and 10 to 100 µmol/L; DPV 5 to 20 µmol/L and 5 to 20 µmol/L respectively and LOD values CV 3.333, 3.333 µmol/L; DPV 1.666, 1.666 µmol/L. This electrode has a sensitivity of CV 0.02287; DPV 0.0137 µAµM−1 for paracetamol and CV 7.558; DPV 0.01674 µAµM−1 for uric acid. The results showed that, when compared to bare glassy carbon electrode, the modified electrode had a good electro catalytic activities, high selectivity and sensitivity to the redox reaction of paracetamol and uric acid.

Phytochemical investigation and antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract, n-hexane and ethyl acetate fraction of salaon leaves (Indigofera tinctoria Linn.)

Plants known as salaon (Indigofera tinctoria L.) are commonly employed in conventional medicine. Salaon leaves have secondary metabolites sunch as alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, glycoside, phenol, saponin and triterpenoid levels have benefit as antioxidants in counteracting free radicals. The aimed of this research was to investigate the Antioxidant properties of The EESL, NHFSL and EAFSL. Phytochemical investigation process was used on extracts and fractions. Antioxidant properties was determined using the DPPH technique and a UV/Vis spectrophotometer at 515 nm. The water level of salaon leaf simplicia was around 9.32%; water-soluble extract of 34.70%, ethanol-soluble extract of 23.94%, total ash of 8.57% and acid insoluble ash of 1.38%. Alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, saponins, steroids, and triterpenoids were found in the phytochemical investigation of EESL. The EESL, NHFSL and EAFSL which were tested for antioxidant properties revealed IC50 values of (70.5046 ± 0.0409; 77.2190 ± 0.0021; 56.5593 ± 0.0120) µg/mL. IC50 value of quercetin in the extremely strong category is 2.5424± 0.0010 µg/mL. The results of this investigation indicate that salaon leaf ethanol extract, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate fraction have potent antioxidant properties.

Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Fruit of Sungkai (Peronema canescens)

Peronema canescens, often known as sungkai, is widely used and can be found all around Indonesia. The public believes that the leaves may reduce fever and strengthen the immune system. However, the effectiveness of sungkai fruit has not been thoroughly investigated. In this research, we looked at endophytic fungus extracts from sungkai fruit’s that have antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The study’s results will serve as the foundation for further investigation into the development of potential natural chemicals with antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Morphologically, the endophytic fungi isolated from sungkai fruit were identified. The antioxidant and antibacterial properties of endophytic fungal extracts were studied using the DPPH technique and the paper disk diffusion method. By employing molecular identification and column chromatography to separate the active compounds, the most likely endophytic fungal isolates were found based on the results of the bioactivity tests. Using 1D NMR spectroscopic methods, the chemical’s structure was determined, and the results were compared to NMR data for the same compound published in the literature. Fruit of sungkai had 8 strains of endophytic fungus (RBH1-RBH8). Strong antibacterial and very strong antioxidant activity were shown by the RBH5 isolate (IC50 < 20 μg/mL). Pythium periplocum was determined to be the RBH5 isolate based on molecular testing. Pure chemical compound extracted from RBH5 isolates shown highly potent and potent antibacterial and antioxidant effects. The chemical compound was identified by spectroscopy as 3-hydroxy-4(hydroxy(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl)-γ-butyrolactone. The results of this study serve as the foundation for developing compounds as pharmaceutical raw materials via further research phases.

To determine the antioxidant mechanism of action, biochemical compounds in Tecoma stans (L. Juss. ex Kunth) were analyzed using GC-MS, HPLC, UV-VIS, and FTIR techniques

The alkaloids found in Tecoma stans (L.Juss.ex Kunth) are well-known and have been utilized extensively in traditional Chinese medicine. On the other hand, the phenolic compounds have not been sufficiently studied. Thus, the objective of this study was to qualitatively and quantitatively examine the phenolic chemicals found in the plant’s roots and leaves. Either methanol or ethanol were used in the extraction processes; however, ethyl acetate and water worked better than methanol and ethanol. Phenolic chemicals were more abundant in the leaves than in the roots. The DPPH technique yielded values for the antioxidant activity of 46.59 g/ml, 40.51 g/ml, and 34.89 g/ml, in that order. The existence of phenolic compounds was confirmed by FTIR and the UV-VIS spectra. Using negative and positive ionization, GC-MS was used to examine the phenolic profile. A total of 15 compounds were identified, and HPLC analysis revealed the existence of 8 compounds that would be useful in pharmaceutical and medical applications.

Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Pyrrol-thiazole Derivatives as AChE and BuChE Inhibitory and Antioxidant Activities

Thiazole rings are one of the most frequently used heterocyclic moieties and are found in a wide variety of biologically active chemicals. In this research project, we report the synthesis and biological activities of some new thiazole derivatives (2a-2c) as potent anti-Alzheimer’s agents. These final compounds’ structures were characterized by spectral (1H NMR, 13C NMR, and MS spectra) analyses. The highest inhibitory activity against AChE was demonstrated by compound 2c (23.73 ± 0.018 %) with chloro substitution at the meta and para positions of the phenyl ring, while the highest inhibitory activity against BuChE was produced by compound 2a (28.87± 0.003 %) with cyano substitution at the f position of the phenyl ring. Ferrous ion-chelating and DPPH techniques were also used to assess the compounds' antioxidant properties. Compound 2a showed antioxidant effect according to the DPPH method with an IC50 value of 27.18 ± 0.009 µM.

Anthelmintic Activity of Artemisia monosperma Methanol Extracts against Eisenia fetida in vitro Study

Background: The present investigation was designed to investigate the protective effect of a natural product to control Anthelmintic in earthworm Eisenia fetida. We investigated the effectiveness of dried Artemisia monosperma leaves as an anthelmintic. Methods: Five groups (50, 100, 200 and mg/mL) of the AMLE extract were utilized in this study. Negative and positive controls consisted of distilled water and mebendazole (10 mg/ml). Five worms that were around the same size were placed to each Petri plate along with the test solution (20 mL) of the extract. Artemisia monosperma leaves methanolic extract was prepared and evaluated its ability in vitro as anthelmintic activity against earthworms (Eisenia fetida). The ABTS, FRPA and DPPH techniques were used to calculate the antioxidant activity. Also, the phytochemical investigation of methanolic extract was performed on GC-MS equipment. Result: Fourteen different biomolecules are predicted using GC-MS spectrum. Also, the AMLE had a greater percentage value of ABTS, FRPA and DPPH radical inhibition (94.5±0.03 trolox/gFW, 0.8±0.005 µmol/ gFW and 92.6±0.3%) respectively. Moreover, IC50 of AMLE was obtained at 20.5±0.9 µg/mL for the A549 and 24.3±0.9 µg/mL for MCF-7 cell lines. In comparison to AMLE, Mebendazole (10 mg/mL) produced paralysis and earthworm death by 13.91±0.007 and 18.2±0.980 min, respectively, while, AMLE (200 mg/mL) showed 3.860±0.320 and 5.464±0.422 min, respectively. The treated worms’ surface architecture also had noticeable abnormalities, according to the histological study. The result of present study revealed that AMLE leaves can serve as a good natural source of potent antioxidants and anthelminthiasis medicines. Which promotes the conduct of numerous in vivo researches to discover an efficient treatment.

Effects of different drying methods on the proximate composition, antioxidant activity, and phytochemical content of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Calyx

The study investigated the impact of freeze drying (FD), cabinet drying (CD), and sun drying (SD) on the proximate composition, phytochemicals, and antioxidant activity of roselle calyx. The proximate composition, phytochemicals, and antioxidant activity of the roselle calyx were determined by the AOAC method and the free radical-scavenging DPPH technique, followed by the spectrophotometric method, respectively. The samples were frozen and condensed at -40 to -60 °C in the FD and then dried at 20 °C for 20–30 h, and in the CD and SD, it was done at approximately 65 °C and 30 °C, respectively. CD retained the least moisture (p < 0.05) and had the highest (p < 0.05) carbohydrate content (38–49 %). There was a substantial difference (p < 0.05) in the ash, protein, and fat content of the provided samples using different drying processes. The TPC of FD, CD, and SD of roselle calyx had 64.70 ± 1.33, 32.23 ± 1.36, and 25.84 ± 1.85 mg GAE/g, respectively. The TFC of FD, CD, and SD dried roselle calyx was 65.41 ± 2.02, 41.64 ± 3.12 and 27.60 ± 1.83 mg QE/g, respectively. The phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of roselle calyces were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) in FD compared to CD and SD. Finally, FD should be considered an appropriate drying procedure for retaining excellent qualities.

Facile bio-genic synthesis of Astragalus sarcocolla (Anzaroot) gum extract mediated silver nanoparticles: Characterizations, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities

The recent increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria has led to a notable difficulty in medicine, demanding endeavors to fabricate efficient antibacterial substances. Unlike traditional physical and chemical approaches, bio-genic approaches demonstrate various advantages, such as affordability, safety, and speed. The current study presents novel green silver nanoparticles employing Astragalus sarcocolla (Anzaroot) gum extract (ASG-AgNPs). For the first time, the alcoholic gum extract of this plant was used to synthesize silver nanoparticles in order to obtain antioxidant and antimicrobial nanoparticles. After optimizing the fabrication reaction conditions, ASG-AgNPs were characterized by DLS, UV-Vis spectroscopy, TEM, FT-IR, and XRD analyses. The antibacterial and antifungal potential of ASG-AgNPs and ASG extract was examined against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans by the broth microdilution method. Also, the DPPH technique was carried out to investigate the antioxidant property. TEM images displayed a highly even and spherical configuration of ASG-AgNPs, with an average size of 15.76 ± 1.40 nm. ASG-AgNPs exhibited high antimicrobial activity against all examined microbial models. The strongest effects were on Candida albicans and Klebsiella pneumoniae microorganisms, with MIC values of 62.5 and 156.25 μg/ml, respectively. DPPH radical inhibition percentages were raised from 14 to 98 by raising the concentration of ASG-AgNPs from 100 to 800 μg/ml, indicating suitable antioxidant activity. Both the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the extract were weaker than ASG-AgNPs, suggesting significant synergism between the extract and AgNPs. These findings demonstrate that utilizing the gum of the Astragalus sarcocolla plant is effective in producing AgNPs, which likely possess significant potential for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. However, further research is required.

Phenolic Content, Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activities of Sabah Hoya coronaria Blume

A common challenge that regularly results from oxidative stress is hepatic damage. This condition is characterised by a gradual progression from steatosis to chronic hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The study proposed to assess the antioxidant activity and efficacy of Hoya coronaria aqueous extract in preventing CCl4-induced hepatic damage in rats. The DPPH technique was used in the study to assess the extract's antioxidant properties. The rats received dosages of 125 and 250 mg/kg body weight of H. coronaria extract for 14 days, followed by CCl4 exposure. After two weeks, the rats were euthanised for analysis. The results indicated that the extract showed significant antioxidant potential and decreased the impact of CCl4 on hepatic damage markers such as serum aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase. Moreover, it increased hepatic reduced glutathione and various antioxidant enzymes while reducing malondialdehyde formation induced by CCl4. Additionally, the histopathological analysis demonstrated that H. coronaria extract protected the liver against fatty degeneration and necrosis induced by CCl4 toxicity. These outcomes suggest that H. coronaria extract could be used to prevent ROS-related hepatic damage.

In vitro Antidiabetic and Anticancer Activity of Some Novel Diazenyl Benzene Sulphonamide Derivatives

A series of novel 2-[(5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-imino)substituted benzene]diazenyl benzene sulphonamide derivatives (VII)6-10 weresynthesized and FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and GC-MS spectral data were used to investigate the structures of the synthesized sulphonamide derivatives. The antioxidant activity of 2-[(5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-imino)substituted benzene]diazenyl benzene sulphonamide derivatives (VII)6-10 was done using DPPH technique. Compounds (VII)7 and (VII)9 displayed excellent antioxidant activity when compared to standard ascorbic acid. The in vitro antidiabetic activity on α-amylase and α-glucosidase studies indicated compound (VII)7 as promising inhibitor of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The cytotoxic activity of the synthesized compound (VII)9 was tested against human colon (HCT-116), lung (A549), breast (MCF-7) cancer cell lines and fibroblast (L929) normal mouse lines. The results showed that compound (VII)9 has good cytotoxic activity.

Content of polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids, antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity of Jatropha dioica hydroalcoholic extracts against Streptococcus mutans

SummaryStreptococcus mutans has been associated with the development of dental caries. Semidesert bush Jatropha dioica Sessé, found in northern Mexico and widely used as traditional medicine, is known to inhibit pathogenic bacteria. The Folin–Ciocalteu method and free radical capture by DPPH technique were used to determine total polyphenols (TP) and antioxidant activity (AA) respectively. The toxicity and antimicrobial activity of the extract with the highest TP and AA were determined. The highest value of TP (46.06 mg GAE g−1) was determined in the dried root extract. A significant and positive correlation was observed between TP and AA. In the flavonoid quantification, the extract showed the highest value of 4.57 mg QE g−1. The hydroalcoholic extracts did not show toxicity. Hydroxycinnamic acid compounds and methoxyflavones and hydroxybenzoic acid were found in the extracts. These compounds are responsible for antibacterial activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against the Streptococcus mutans was found to be 3.75 mg mL−1.

Activity Antioxidant Ethanol Extract U Groh (Cocos nucifera L.) with DPPH Method

U groh shells and coir (Cocos nucifera L) have the potential as antioxidants. This study aimed to evaluate the IC50 value of young coconut ethanol extract as an antioxidant. The DPPH technique was used for extraction and antioxidant activity testing at concentrations of 6.25;12.5; 25; 50, and 100 ppm. The ethanol extracts of young coconut shell and coir generated antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 11.811 ppm and 42.483 ppm, respectively, and were classified as very active (50 ppm). As a result, young coconut shells and coir can be used as an antioxidant source.

Development of Pharmacognostic Profile and Preliminary Phytochemical Study of Pluchea wallichiana DC

Abstract: Introduction: The genus Pluchea comprises of around 80 species native to tropical and warm temperate areas. It has been traditionally known as rasna and used to treat different ailments including inflammation and arthritis. One of the species of Pluchea, Pluchea wallichiana DC (Family: Asteraceae), commonly known as wallich camphor weeds. Aim and Objectives: The present study aims to develop pharmacognostic profile, set the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of phytochemicals present in leaf, stem and root parts of plant and determine antioxidant potential. Materials and Methods: The plant profile development includes authentication, macro- microscopical, physico-chemical, and chromatographic evaluation of root, stem and leaf of the plant. The presence of essential minerals in the plant was confirmed using ICP-MS. The DPPH technique was used to assess the antioxidant potential. Results: P. wallichiana is an erect branched shrub with camphoraceous, green, alternate, broadly obovate and sessile leaves and white compound corymb flowers. The stems are circular and green, and the tap root is branched, cylindrical and brownish in color. Microscopy of leaf, stem and root has demonstrated clear anatomical features. The phytochemical screening unveils the presence of steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, and coumarins. The HPTLC fingerprinting profile was developed from the mentioned plant parts. The leaf expressed higher percentage of phenolics, flavonoids and steroids as compared to root and stem. ICP-MS analysis demonstrated presence of calcium, potassium, magnesium, zinc, and iron present as a mineral in leaves. The concentration of leaf methanol extract required to inhibit 50% of DPPH free radicals was 29.49 μg/mL. Conclusion: The developed pharmacognostic and phytochemical parameters may help to establish standards for identification, quality, and purity of Pluchea wallichiana DC. Keywords: Pluchea wallichiana, Morphology, Microscopy, Flavonoids, HPTLC, Antioxidant activity, Mineral element.