Douching Research Articles

Consistent condom use and its correlates among female sex workers at hair salons: a cross-sectional study in Zhejiang province, China

BackgroundThis study investigated condom use among female sex workers (FSWs) at hair salons during commercial sexual interactions over 1 month. We explored the associations of such use with various sexual behaviours, HIV/STI risk perception and related knowledge, self-efficacy regarding condom use, exposure to behavioural interventions, and other factors. This type of information has not been reported in China and is critical for designing and modifying programs aimed at preventing HIV/STI transmission in this group of FSWs and their clients.MethodsOur data were derived from a large cross-sectional study conducted among low-tier FSWs in 21 counties within Zhejiang province, China. Data were collected from September to November 2013.Bivariable and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with self-reported consistent condom use among FSWs working at hair salons.ResultsOf 1682 FSWs working at hair salons, 50.5% consistently used condom with clients during the previous month. Multivariable analysis revealed that condom use for commercial sex, consistent vaginal douching after commercial sex, adopting contraceptive measures, high scores on perceived self-efficacy regarding condom use, and exposure to interventions were associated with self-reported consistent condom use; early initiation of commercial sex, experiences with oral sex, rarely/sometimes/often using oral contraceptives, and having seen a doctor were associated with not using condoms.ConclusionsCommercial sex is not effectively protected, and behavioural interventions targeting FSWs should take into account the various factors that are correlated to condom use.

Uttara Basti and Ayurved protocol in the management of primary infertility-A Case Report

Infertility is commonly increasing problem which any gynecologist has to face in their gynecological carrier. It affects the mental and physical health of a woman and disturbs her family as well as social life. The ovulatory factor is responsible for 30-40% and tubal blockage accounts for 25-30%. In this case report a patient of primary infertility was treated with local vaginal douching and Panchakarma [Yoga Basti, Anuvasana Basti, Nirooha Basti] as per protocol. Uttara Basti was administered after cessation of menstruation i.e., from 5th or 6th day of menstrual cycle with Narayana Taila 5 ml for 5days for 3 consecutive months. Pushpa dhanwa Ras, Phala Kalyana Ghrita, Dashamoolarista were given orally with above procedure for 30 days. Patient conceived after three cycles with combined Ayurved protocol of Panchakarma, Uttar Basti and oral Ayurvedic medications.

Refurbishment of masonry tunnels through the example of the Kirchberg Tunnel for the DB Netz AG

AbstractThe finance available for the refurbishment of tunnels was around EUR 125 m. in 2014, which will increase to EUR 213 m. by 2018. DB Netz AG has a total of more than EUR 1 billion available in the medium term for the refurbishment of existing tunnels. This paper deals with the refurbishment of masonry tunnels of the DB Netz AG, Region South. The basis is the typical damage patterns of masonry tunnels, their causes and the possible refurbishment opportunities. On the Kirchberg Tunnel project, a feasibility study was carried out into possible repair measures. Based on the results of the study plans are now running. The article is supplemented by the latest state of the art rules for maintenance work in the area of tunnel construction at DB AG. The necessity of programmes for tunnelling, the necessary economic and operational constraints as well as experience with completed repairs to masonry tunnels conclude the article from the viewpoint of the owner and operator.

Development and application of vaginal douche in patients with cervical cancer receiving radiotherapy

Objective To explore the effects of modified vaginal douche for preventing radiotherapy complications in patients with cervical cancer receiving radiotherapy. Methods Totally 100 patients with cervical cancer receiving radiotherapy were recruited and divided into the experimental group (n=50) and the control group (n=50) . The experimental group received vaginal irrigation with modified vaginal douche. The control group received conventional vaginal irrigation. The degree of vaginal cleanliness and the incidence rate of radiotherapy complications were compared between the control group and the experimental group. Results There was a significant difference between the two groups on the degree of vaginal cleanliness (P<0.01) . The incidence of vaginitis and vaginal stenosis in the experimental group was 4% and 2%, which was lower than those in the control group (22%, 16%) , and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=9.890, 5.132; P<0.05) . Conclusions Compared with traditional vaginal douche, modified vaginal douche is more effective in patients with cervical cancer receiving radiotherapy, and can significantly reduce the incidence of radiotherapy complications. Key words: Uterine cervical neoplasms; Radiotherapy; Modified vaginal douche; Complications

Experience with specially designed pored polyacetal mold dressing method used in McIndoe-style vaginoplasty

Appropriate postoperative care and prolonged use of the mold are prerequisites for achieving successful results in McIndoe-style vaginoplasty. We introduce a specially designed pored polyacetal mold to maintain the reconstructed vagina, with favorable long-term results allowing drainage of the serous and bloody discharge without removal of the mold, and reduction of infection rate and the chance of skin graft shearing in McIndoe vaginoplasty. We retrospectively reviewed data of 10 consecutive patients with Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome who underwent McIndoe vaginoplasty between March 2010 and January 2014. We used a specially designed pored polyacetal mold (Figure) inall reconstructed vaginal wounds. The anatomical surgical success was evaluated by physical examination and functional success, which was defined as satisfaction with sex evaluated by patient self-assessed questionnaire. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 3.5 years. The postoperative mean vaginal length was 9.5cm in nine patients who used the mold regularly. In all cases in which a pored polyacetal mold was used, skin engraftment was successfully maintained without partial skin graft loss or infection. The subjective patient self-assessed satisfaction evaluation reported a high satisfaction rate. The multi-holed polyacetal vaginal mold was designed to perform vaginal irrigation without removal of the mold, allowing drainage of the serous and bloody discharge. This makes it possible to reduce infection rate and maintain successful skin engraftment by reducing the chance of skin graft shearing. The characteristics of polyacetal make it useful as a vaginal mold material as it is lightweight to use, easy to manufacture in accordance with the dimensions of the neovaginal space, and cost-effective. Although a constant follow-up evaluation is required, the pored polyacetal mold is an attractive vaginal mold dressing material to maximize the initial graft uptake, and it can be individually tailored in patients undergoing McIndoe-style vaginoplasty. The specially designed vaginal mold made up of pored polyacetal is a proper vaginal mold, which could maximize the initial graft uptake, decrease the risk of wound infection, and, therefore, decrease contracture of the neovagina in patients undergoing McIndoe vaginoplasty.

Women’s genital body work: Health, hygiene and beauty practices in the production of idealized female genitalia

Women’s genitalia are constructed as a bodily site requiring ongoing surveillance, maintenance and modification to conform to social norms. Women engage in a range of genital health, hygiene and beauty practices, including the use of commercial and homemade vaginal douches, washes, wipes, sprays and pubic hair removal, to modify their bodies. Using a social constructionist framework, we draw on interviews with 49 Canadian women to examine the construction of idealized (Western) genitalia as hairless, odourless and free of discharge, and “natural” female genitalia as problematic through the mobilization of normative femininity and (hetero)sexuality discourses. Theorizing women’s genital health, hygiene and beauty practices as a form of body work, we examine how women’s genital body work is constructed as a necessary and thus normative practice of femininity undertaken in the pursuit of idealized genitalia. A minority perspective that drew on alternative discourses to construct female genitalia as acceptable irrespective of genital body work is examined. Throughout our analysis, we examine the ways in which women negotiate issues of agency and choice in relation to their genital body work. Implications for women’s health in the context of the vaginal microbiome are explored.

Bacterial Vaginosis and C. Trachomatis as Risk Factors for First Trimester Miscarriage

Background: Miscarriage is the most common adverse outcome of pregnancy. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is known as alteration of vaginal milieu. C. trachomatis is intracellular, sexually transmitted bacteria. Objectives: we aimed to investigating the role of BV and C. trachomatis in 1 st trimester miscarriage. Methodology: This study included 95 pregnant women with gestational age < 14 weeks. For each subject we investigate BV by Amsel's criteria and Nugent scoring. Anti chlamydial IgG antibodies were detected using qualitative ELISA. C. trachomatis DNA of cryptic plasmid were detected in urine sample by polymerase chain reaction. Results: BV was not risk factor for 1 st trimester miscarriage, however it was significantly associated with smoking ( P = 0.001), vaginal douching ( P = 0.001), intrauterine device ( P = 0.001) and history of preterm labor ( P = 0.002). C. trachomatis infection was significantly associated with 1 st trimester miscarriage (P = 0.001), hormonal contraception ( P = 0.03) and BV ( P = 0.004). Being older than 30 years was risk factor for miscarriage. Recommendations: We recommend screening of BV and C. trachomatis preconception and in pregnant women for early diagnosis and treatment and to prevent recurrent miscarriage or preter.

Group B streptococcal colonization and transmission dynamics in pregnant women and their newborns in Nigeria: implications for prevention strategies

ObjectivesBecause few studies have been conducted on group B Streptococcus (GBS) in Nigeria, we sought to estimate GBS colonization and transmission frequencies for 500 women and their newborns and identify risk factors for both outcomes. MethodsGBS strains were characterized for antibiotic susceptibilities, capsule (cps) genotype, pilus island profile and multilocus sequence type (ST). ResultsIn all, 171 (34.2%) mothers and 95 (19.0%) of their newborns were colonized with GBS; the vertical transmission rate was 48.5%. One newborn developed early-onset disease, yielding an incidence of 2.0 cases per 1000 live births (95% CI 0.50–7.30). Rectal maternal colonization (OR 26.6; 95% CI 13.69–51.58) and prolonged rupture of membranes (OR 4.2; 95% CI 1.03–17.17) were associated with neonatal colonization, whereas prolonged membrane rupture (OR 3.4; 95% CI 1.04–11.39) and young maternal age (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.22–3.39) were associated with maternal colonization. Women reporting four or more intrapartum vaginal examinations (OR 6.1; 95% CI 3.41–10.93) and douching (OR 3.7; 95% CI 2.26–6.11) were also more likely to be colonized. Twelve STs were identified among 35 mother–baby pairs with evidence of transmission; strains of cpsV ST-19 (n = 9; 25.7%) and cpsIII ST-182 (n = 7; 20.0%) predominated. ConclusionsThese data demonstrate high rates of colonization and transmission in a population that does not use antibiotics to prevent neonatal infections, a strategy that should be considered in the future.

Microbiological inspections of different medical devices

The microbiological quality control represents a cornerstone in the production process of pharmaceutical products and Medical Devices (MDs). In both the pharmaceutical and MD industries, along with evolving regulatory requirements, products of greater complexity are elevating the challenges related to maintaining microbiological integrity. For a given inactivation treatment, the probability of bacterial survival is determined by number and resistance of microorganisms and by the environment in which the organisms live. Nevertheless, the sterility of an individual item in a population of sanitized products cannot be ensured in the absolute sense.For the first time, different MDs were analyzed from the microbiological viewpoint. Following health warnings, several kinds of MDs were examined for investigating their real compliance with the sterility requirements expected for the specific product category.According to the European Pharmacopeia, mesophilic viable microorganisms, faecal bacteria, moulds and yeasts, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and other microbial parameters of interest depending on the circumstances were determined. Culture methods and biochemical confirmation tests were performed. The sterility expected for some MDs under test, such as saline solution for contact lens and dentistry graft devices, was not always confirmed and pathogens were isolated and identified. The microbiological evaluation of other MDs for which the sterility was not required (auricular cones, vaginal douching and denture adhesive powder) was performed assimilating them to pharmaceutical product for topic use. In some cases, high numbers were observed and environmental potential pathogens were identified. These results emphasize the fundamental role of good manufacturing practices in this production area and stress the need for closely monitoring any step of the production chain.

Sulphurous vaginal douching and vulvovaginal atrophy

During climacteric the reduction or interruption of estrogenic stimulus determines a gradual atrophy of the tissues of the urogenital tract.Vulvovaginal atrophy can be cause of dryness, itch, burning, and dyspareunia. Vulvovaginal atrophy is associated also with depression. Hence the importance of an appropriate treatment of the vulvovaginal atrophy. Between therapeutic options we can add, particularly for women who suffer only from vaginal symptoms, the spa therapy that uses mineral waters with benefic effects on vaginal tissue wellness and health. On the basis of considerations described above and on the insufficient literature data, the objective of our single-arm pilot study has been to evaluate, in women suffering from vulvovaginal atrophy, the effects and safety of a vaginal douching cycle with sulphurous mineral water and impact on depression disorder frequently observed. The study was conducted on 24 women affected by vulvovaginal atrophy; mean age:57±11 years; age range:42-81 years. The subjects were treated, for 2 weeks, with sulphurous vaginal douching from Terme of Telese S.p.A. (Benevento-Italy). At the beginning and at the end of the SPA treatment the following symptoms were evaluated: dryness, burning, itch, dyspareunia and leucorrhoea (using VAS scale); the impact on psychological distress (using S.D.S. Zung-test). At the end of the spa treatment, the mean values±SD, compared to baseline, have showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in leucorrhoea (-88%), in vulvar itch (-79%), in vaginal burning (-71%), in vaginal dryness (-65%) with an improvement of psichological distress as demonstrated by S.D.S. Zung-test. The data of this single-arm pilot clinical trial show that the sulphurous vaginal douching cycle can be considered very useful in women suffering from vulvovaginal atrophy with improving of the quality of life and social relationship.

Evaluation of the use of vaginal tampons and vaginal douche practices among women&lt;p&gt;Kadınların vajinal tampon ve vajinal duş uygulama durumlarının değerlendirmesi

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of vaginal tampons and vaginal douche practices among women.Method: The sample of the study was consisted of 200 women who participated the Women's Health Education Program (WHEP) conducted by the Turkish Family Health and Planning Foundation in Diyarbakir, Istanbul, Kilis and İzmir. Data were collected with face-to-face interviews using a 33-item questionnaire between November 2014 and January 2016. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethics committee of Bezmialem Foundation University and written consent was obtained from the women who voluntarily participated in the study. The data were evaluated using SPSS 16.0 package program using percentage, chi-square and logistic regression analysis.Results: More than half of the participating women were using vaginal douche (56.0%), while those receiving vaginal tampons (24.5%) were fewer. Vaginal douching was most needed after sexual intercourse (39.5%) and mostly practiced with water (58.9%). It was determined that as the level of education increased, there was a decrease in the rate of vaginal douche and tampon use, even if it did not reach a significant level. Most of the women who married under the age of 18 were doing these practices more often. Of the women, 69.6% stated that vaginal douche was beneficial for health. The rate of women who had counseling from a health professional about vaginal douche was 15%, and 28.5% of women reported that they recommended this practice to others.Conclusion: A significant proportion of women were practicing vaginal douche and even more striking is that they have no awareness that this practice may be harmful. It will be important for the health professionals to give importance on this issue in their education and counseling programs for women. ÖzetAmaç: Bu araştırma kadınların vajinal tampon ve duş uygulama durumlarını belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir.Yöntem: Araştırmamızın örneklemini, Türkiye Aile Sağlığı ve Planlaması tarafından yürütülen Kadın Sağlığı Eğitim Programına (KSEP) Diyarbakır, İstanbul, Kilis ve İzmir illerinden katılan toplam 200 kadın oluşturmuştur. Veriler, 33 soruluk anket formu ile Kasım 2014 Ocak 2016 tarihleri arasında birebir görüşme yöntemi ile elde edilmiştir. Çalışmanın etik kurul onayı, T.C.Bezmialem Vakıf Üniversitesi etik kurulundan ve yine çalışmaya gönüllü olarak katılan kadınlardan yazılı onam alınmıştır.Veriler SPSS 16,0 paket programı ile yüzdelik,Ki-kare ve lojistik regresyon analizleri kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir.Bulgular: Katılımcı kadınların yarısından fazlası vajinal duş yapmaktaydı (%56,0), vajinal tampon uygulayanlar ise(%24,5) daha az sayıdaydı. Vajinal duşa en çok cinsel ilişki sonrası ihtiyaç duyulduğu ( %39,5)ve en fazla uygulamanın su ile yapıldığı (%58,9) belirlendi. Eğitim düzeyi yükseldikçe vajinal duş ve tampon uygulama oranında, anlamlı düzeye ulaşmasa da, azalma olduğu saptandı. 18 yaş ve altında evlenen kadınların büyük bölümü bu uygulamaları daha sık yapmaktaydı. Kadınların %69,6’sı, vajinal duşun sağlık açısından yararlı olduğunu belirtti. Vajinal duş ile ilgili sağlık personelinden danışmanlık alanlar %15 oranındaydı ve %28,5’i başkalarına da bu uygulamayı önerdiğini bildirdi. Sonuç: Kadınların önemli bir bölümü vajinal duş uygulamakta ve daha da çarpıcı olanı bu uygulamanın zararlı olabileceği konusunda farkındalıklarının olmamasıydı. Sağlık personelinin kadınlara yönelik eğitim/danışmanlık programlarında bu konuya özel göstermesi önemli olacaktır.

Creative design and application of water collector for conjunctival sac rinsing

Conjunctival sac rinsing is one of the most common and important operations to prevent eye infections in ophthalmology department, as well as one of the major ophthalmic techniques to ensure the surgery successfully. This paper will report the creative design and clinical application of water collector for conjunctival sac rinsing, which can improve patients′ comfort, decrease the douche spillover and the time of conjunctival sac rinsing operation for nurses. Key words: Innovation and promotion; Conjunctival sac rinsing; Water collector

Quantifying sperm egg interaction to assess the breeding efficiency through artificial insemination in guinea fowls

ABSTRACT1. Guinea fowl hens were inseminated weekly once with two doses of spermatozoa (75 million and 100 million) in two different diluents, Beltsville poultry semen extender (BPSE), and Instruments for Veterinary Medicine (IMV), each with and without pre-insemination vaginal douching. Per cent fertility, hatchability, dead germ, dead in shells along with data on sperm egg interaction and vaginal microbial counts were recorded.2. Artificial insemination had significantly improved the per cent fertility and hatchability compared to natural mating. Dose dependent improvement in fertility was noticed with both diluents.3. There was a beneficial effect of vaginal douching, which was more pronounced at lower insemination doses.4. For optimum fertility and hatchability in guinea fowl, insemination of 75 million spermatozoa diluted in BPSE once in 4 d and 100 million spermatozoa diluted in BPSE or IMV once in 5 d coupled with vaginal douching is recommended.

Curative effect of ALA-PDT combined with Quxietang douching in the treatment of cervical HPV infection

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of ALA-PDT combined with Quxietang douching in the treatment of cervical HPV infection. Methods 208 female cervical PCR-HPV positive patients were randomly divided into treatment group and control group, each group had 104 cases.The control group received 10% (ALA) in cervical for 3 hours, then red light for 30 minutes once a week, a total of 3 times.Treatment group was given 10% (ALA) in cervical for 3 hours, then red light for 30 minutes once a week, a total of 3 times, and douching vagina with Quxietang, one day at a time, stay 3 weeks.After treatment for 3 months, every month, a cervical PCR-HPV check was conducted, summarized virus removal efficiency. Results The virus removal efficiency of treatment group was 89.42%, that of the control group was 73.08%, the difference was statistically significant (χ2=7.471, P<0.05). The patients in the treatment group had light local mild erythema, swelling, burning pain, without treatment subside. Conclusion ALA-PDT combined with Quxietang douching method is efficient, with mild adverse reactions, the treatment group was better than the control group in removing cervical HPV infection and effectively eliminating the hidden trouble of cervical HPV. Key words: Humom papillmavirus; ALA-PDT; Quxietang; Cervix uteri

Nonviral sexually transmitted infections-epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic workup, therapy : Part3: Treponemes, Gardnerella and trichomonads

In Germany, the reported syphilis prevalence has increased continuously since 2010, with atotal of 6834 syphilis cases being reported in 2015. The largest increase of reported syphilis occurred in men who have sex with men (MSM). The antibiotic agent of choice for treatment of syphilis is still penicillin. There are no penicillin-resistant Treponema pallidum strains. Alternatives are ceftriaxone and doxycycline. In Germany, azithromycin is not approved for treatment of syphilis; however, therapy failures are increasingly reported. Bacterial vaginosis is accompanied by vaginal discharge. The vaginal secretion exhibits an increased pH value higher than 4.5. Clinical symptoms are pruritus, burning, and the characteristic amine odor. The probability for bacterial vaginosis is highest in women with higher numbers of sexual partners, unmarried women, early first sexual intercourse, in commercial female sex workers, and those women who regularly apply vaginal douches. The main pathogen of bacterial vaginosis is Gardnerella vaginalis. For oral therapy metronidazole is given, alternatively clindamycin; the latter should be applied additionally as topical agent. Trichomoniasis is considered as the nonviral sexually transmitted infection with the highest prevalence worldwide. Other than direct microscopic detection of the protozoa (trophozoites) in vaginal secretion or urine, PCR has been approved as the diagnostic method with the highest sensitivity. Oral metronidazole represents the therapy of choice in trichomoniasis.

Vaginitis among married women attending primary healthcare in Tanta District, El-Gharbia governorate , Egypt

Objective The aim of this study was to improve women health through studying the causes of vaginitis and evaluating the risk factors causing the infection. Background Vaginitis is an inflammation of the vagina. It affects all age groups from adolescents to postmenopausal women and is the most common gynecological problem faced by the primary care providers. It affects women's daily activities through changes in the amount and odor of vaginal discharge, dyspareunia, dysuria, and may get complicated with cervicitis, salpingitis, endometritis, urinary tract infections, and pelvic inflammatory disease. Patients and methods The study was carried out in two randomly selected family healthcare centers in urban and rural areas in Tanta district, El-Gharbia governorate, conducted from the beginning of May 2014 till April 2015. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted involving 160 cases, including women who experienced vaginal symptoms during child-bearing and postmenopausal period. Women who had chronic diseases or psychological problem or were taking systemic therapy were excluded. After selecting the cases, 240 women who did not have vaginal symptoms were selected as controls. Questionnaire was designed to obtain full history and analysis of vaginal complaint, speculum vaginal examination, and laboratory examination of discharge. Results The mean age of the studied group was 29.47 ± 6.9 years. Results of the cases showed that 38.8% had fungal infection, 31.3% had bacterial vaginosis, and 8% had trichomoniasis. The study showed a statistical significant difference between cases of different types of vaginitis with regard to age of patients, intrauterine device use, previous attack, vaginal douche, menstrual hygienic pads, drying after vaginal wash, and using of public water closet. Conclusion and recommendation The study showed that there is relationship between bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis and the use of intrauterine devices and hormonal contraception and bad menstrual hygiene, and mixed infections and did not dry vagina after wash risk factor. Health education programs are recommended.

Gynecological complaints and their associated factors among women in a family health-care clinic.

Aim:The aim of this study was to describe the most common gynecological complaints and possible associated factors among women of reproductive age attended at a family health-care clinic.Methodology:A transversal study conducted with a sample of an outpatient population consisting of women of reproductive age. Pregnant women and minors were excluded. The final sample consisted of women between 18 and 49 years of age. The participants answered a questionnaire in which the complaints of the last 4 weeks were registered. They were examined, had the vaginal pH assessed, and secretion was tested using a 10% potassium hydroxide solution to verify the presence of amine odor (whiff test).Results:Most participants were black or of mixed races. Considering the frequency of complaints, there were no significant differences between white and nonwhite women. There was an association between vaginal pH and discharge complaints as well as unpleasant odor, positive test of amines, smoking, and performing vaginal douches.Conclusions:Vaginal complaints were common among participants; the practice of vaginal douches was also frequent and was associated with higher pH values. The use of hormonal contraceptives was associated with lower pH values. There was no significant association between condom use and gynecological complaints, vaginal pH, or the whiff test.

The comparative study of TURP and SPPC in the treatment of elderly patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia

Objectives To compare the clinical effect of transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) and suprapublic transvesical prostatectomy (SPPC) clinical in the treatment of elderly patients with hyperplasia of prostate. Methods 70 cases of senile patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) were divided into TURP group(n=35) and SPPC group(n=35). Results There was not statistical significance in excision prostate weight of perioperative indicators between the two groups(P>0.05), and the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, bladder douche time, catheter indwelling time and hospital stay in TURP group were significantly less than the SPPC group(P<0.01). Two groups of patients with Compared with preoperative values, postoperative IPSS, QOL and PVR significantly reduced (P<0.05), the MFR was significantly higher than before operation (P<0.05). IPSS, QOL and PVR in TURP group were significantly lower than SPPC group after 3 months and 12 monthsP<0.01). Blood transfusion in the SPPC group was not performed, 2 cases of blood transfusion in the TURP group were performed. Bladder spasm in SPPC group happened and 3 cases of incision infection and bladder spasm occured in SPPC group, only 2 cases of bladder spasm happened in TURP group and without incision infection, a few patients with cutting syndrome, postoperative urethral stricture, postoperative complications such as temporary incontinence and urinary extravasation occured in TURP group. Conclusions When medical environment is perfect, TURP and SPPC in the treatment of elderly patients with BPH is safety, efficacy and security, and worth clinical promotion. Key words: Prostatic Hyperplasia; Transurethral Resection of Prostate; Urinary Bladder; Electrosurgery

Association Between Vaginal Douching and Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Women in the United States

The very few studies that have examined the association between vaginal douching and genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection have found contrary results. We investigated the associations between douching and numbers of HPV genotypes infecting 1271 participants aged 20-49 years in the 2003-2004 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. After controlling for relevant covariates, douching in the past 6 months was significantly associated with infection by higher numbers of all genital HPV types (relative risk ratio, 1.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.54) and HPV high-risk types (1.40; 1.09-1.80).

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN TERJADINYA SERVISITIS PADA WANITA DI LINGKUNGAN KELUARGA PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL PEMERINTAH PROVINSI KALIMANTAN BARAT

the incidence of cervicitis have not the exact figure to explained. There is a high risk for women affected by the servisitis of disease because they do not know the factors. Theoretically, servisitis of disease caused: the cleanliness of the vulva hygien, some kinds of bacteria, cervical laceration, sexual activity, and vaginal douching. The cervicitis was one of the problems of Sexually Transmitted disease (STI), Servicitie that less well known in the wider community. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with cervicitis in women’s family environment the Civil Service of West Kalimantan Government.This is a method of observational analytic study using cross sectional. The results of this results are: there is a significant correlation between (1) vaginal douching and cervicitis (p = 0,000); (2) the cleanliness of the reproductive organs and cervicitis, (p = 0,000); (3) the cleanliness of clothing and cervicitis, (p = 0,000); (4) parity and the occurrence of cervicitis, (p = 0,000); (5) frequency of sexual intercourse and cervicitis, (p = 0,000). This study suggests that the Polyclinic of West Kalimantan Province to improve IVA service and increase laboratory germs facilities; to disseminate the impact of cervicitis and vaginal douching do counseling about the Clean and Healthy Lifestyle to maintain the cleanliness of the female reproductive organs.