Double Cycle Research Articles

Solar Radiation Triggers the Bimodal Leaf Phenology of Central African Evergreen Broadleaved Forests

AbstractCentral African evergreen broadleaved forests around the equator exhibit a double annual cycle for canopy phenology and carbon uptake seasonality. The underlying drivers of this behavior are poorly understood and the double seasonality is not captured by land surface models (LSM). In this study, we developed a new leaf phenology module into the ORCHIDEE LSM (hereafter ORCHIDEE‐AFP), which utilizes short‐wave incoming radiation (SWd) as the main driver of leaf shedding and partial rejuvenation of the canopy, to simulate the double seasonality of central African forests. The ORCHIDEE‐AFP model has been evaluated by using field data from two forest sites and satellite observations of the enhanced vegetation index (EVI), which is a proxy of young leaf area index (LAIYoung) with leafage less than 6 months, as well as six products of GPP or GPP proxies. Results demonstrate that ORCHIDEE‐AFP successfully reproduces observed leaf turnover (R = 0.45) and young leaf abundance (R = 0.74), and greatly improve the representation of the bimodal leaf phenology. The proportion of grid cells with a significant positive correlation between the seasonality of modeled LAIYoung and observed EVI increased from 0.2% in the standard model to 27% in the new model. For photosynthesis, the proportions of grid cells with significant positive correlations between modeled and observed seasonality range from 26% to 65% across the six GPP evaluation products. The improved performance of the ORCHIDEE‐AFP model in simulating leaf phenology and photosynthesis of central African forests will allow a more accurate assessment of the impacts of climate change in tropical forests.

Cytotoxicity and cellular uptake capacity of a berberine-loaded nanogold/collagen drug delivery system in lung cancer

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. As an emerging technology, nanomedicine offers a more effective and biocompatible approach to treating lung cancer by targeting and killing uncontrolled cancer cells. This study fabricated a nanocarrier system comprising gold nanoparticles, type I collagen, and alkaline berberine (Au-Col-BB). It then thoroughly evaluated the physical and biological properties of this novel drug delivery system. The material properties were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. MTT and Calcein AM staining of A549 lung cancer cells demonstrated that treatment with Au-Col-BB significantly decreased cell viability. Annexin V/propidium iodide double staining and cell cycle progression revealed that treatment with Au-Col-BB increased apoptosis 1.82-fold in A549 cells but decreased apoptosis 0.94-cold in BEAS-2B normal lung cells. The percentage of A549 cells in the sub-G1 phase increased from 4.0 % to 11.6 % (p < 0.001), while the percentage of those in the S phase decreased from 14.5 % to 9.6 % (p < 0.010), indicating enhanced apoptosis and reduced proliferation. Treatment with Au-Col-BB significantly reduced the migration distance of A549 cells by 51 %. Au-Col-BB was found to primarily enter cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis and autophagy, which were inhibited by chlorpromazine and bafilomycin A1, respectively. Retroorbital sinus injection of Au-Col-BB into BALB/c mice demonstrated its integrity and safety in vivo. Overall, this study suggests that the Au-Col-BB nanocarrier system is a promising alternative for antineoplastic drugs, offering effective cancer cell targeting and apoptosis induction while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissues.

Modeling relationships in non-commutative two-operand two-bit cet-operations of a double cycle when permuting the operands

The object of the research is relationships in non-commutative two-operand two-bit CET-operations of a double cycle when operands are permuted. The article is devoted to studying the results of the computational experiment, which is in building a model of relationships in non-commutative two-operand two-bit CET-operations of a double cycle with the operands permutation in order to ensure the possibility of building cryptographic systems with XOR sequence encryption. The theoretical and practical results of the work are obtained on the basis of the computational experiment data. The results of researching the CET-operations data make it possible to build cryptographic systems with XOR sequence ciphering and to improve the quality of low-resource stream encryption systems. The mathematical description of the computational experiment results made it possible to establish relationships between pairs of non-commutative two-operand two-bit CET-operations of a double cycle when operands are permuted. The possibility of constructing a group of commutative two-operand two-bit CET-operations of a double cycle based on the modification of a known two-operand operation by one-operand operations to within the permutation of the crypto-transformation results has been studied. The correctness of constructing a group of CET-operations, both without operand permutation and such that allow operand permutation, has been verified. The model for building a group of asymmetric two-operand two-bit CET-operations of a double cycle, which allow the operands permutation is proposed. Applying the substitution model made it possible to obtain pairs of interrelated operations in this group. The obtained pairs of interconnected operations provide a description of modification for direct and inverse non-commutative CET operations when permuting the operands. The obtained results provide the possibility of building cryptographic systems that encrypt both the input open information under the control of the XOR sequence and the XOR sequence under the control of the input open information. Further research will be aimed at establishing relationships in non-commutative two-operand two-bit CET operations of the triple cycle when operands are permuted.

Simultaneous Native Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Single and Double Mutants To Probe Lipid Binding to Membrane Proteins.

Lipids are critical modulators of membrane protein structure and function. However, it is challenging to investigate the thermodynamics of protein-lipid interactions because lipids can simultaneously bind membrane proteins at different sites with different specificities. Here, we developed a native mass spectrometry (MS) approach using single and double mutants to measure the relative energetic contributions of specific residues on Aquaporin Z (AqpZ) toward cardiolipin (CL) binding. We first mutated potential lipid-binding residues on AqpZ, and mixed mutant and wild-type proteins together with CL. By using native MS to simultaneously resolve lipid binding to the mutant and wild-type proteins in a single spectrum, we directly determined the relative affinities of CL binding, thereby revealing the relative Gibbs free energy change for lipid binding caused by the mutation. Comparing different mutants revealed that W14 contributes to the tightest CL binding site, with R224 contributing to a lower affinity site. Using double mutant cycling, we investigated the synergy between W14 and R224 sites on CL binding. Overall, this novel native MS approach provides unique insights into the binding of lipids to specific sites on membrane proteins.

Double versus single stimulation in young low prognosis patients followed by a fresh embryo transfer: a randomized controlled trial (DUOSTIM-fresh)

Abstract STUDY QUESTION Does double stimulation, followed by a fresh embryo transfer (DUOSTIM fresh) give a higher number of good-quality blastocysts as compared with a single stimulation in young low prognosis patients? SUMMARY ANSWER Compared to single stimulation, DUOSTIM fresh leads to a significantly higher number of good quality blastocysts, without hindering fresh embryo transfer outcomes. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY DUOSTIM (ovarian stimulation both in the follicular and luteal phase of the same cycle) is an innovative strategy to retrieve a higher number of oocytes in a shorter time frame, thus it is particularly appealing for poor ovarian responders. Three current limitations of dual stimulation are: (i) it is unclear whether outcomes of the second (luteal) wave result from the second stimulation, or a carry-over effect from previous follicular stimulation; (ii) the desynchronization between endometrium and ovaries and, (iii) lack of robust evidence. No previous studies explored DUOSTIM starting from the luteal phase, and with a fresh embryo transfer (DUOSTIM fresh). STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This study is a randomized, controlled, single-center, superiority clinical trial comparing two different ovarian stimulation protocols: a double stimulation cycle versus a single stimulation cycle followed by fresh embryo transfer. The primary outcome was the number of good quality blastocysts obtained, while secondary outcomes included results from fresh embryo transfer (clinical pregnancy, miscarriage). A total of 120 women were enrolled in this study between October 2020 and October 2022, with a 1:1 allocation. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Only young (&amp;lt;40 years old) low prognosis (anti-Müllerian hormone &amp;lt;1.2 ng/ml) patients were recruited in the Reproductive Medicine Department of Dexeus University Hospital. In the investigational group, DUOSTIM fresh, the first stimulation was initiated in the luteal phase (Day 18–21 cycle) followed by a second stimulation 5 days post first oocyte retrieval, initiated in the follicular phase and a fresh embryo transfer of the best blastocyst generated (first or second cycle). The control group performed a follicular phase single stimulation cycle with a fresh embryo transfer. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Overall, 107 patients were analyzed, 53 in the investigational (DUOSTIM fresh) and 54 in the control arm (single stimulation). DUOSTIM fresh resulted in a significantly higher number of good quality blastocysts as compared to single stimulation (difference of mean 0.81, 95% CI 0.12–1.49). The mean percentage of cycles with embryo transfer was comparable (62.3% and 51.9%, respectively for double versus single stimulation). No significant differences were found for clinical outcomes following fresh embryo transfer with an ongoing pregnancy rate of 24.5% for DUOSTIM fresh versus 22.2%, for conventional IVF. Of interest comparisons between different stimulation cycles (A: luteal-phase DUOSTIM fresh, B: follicular-phase DUOSTIM fresh, and C: single stimulation) did not demonstrate any significant difference in terms of ovarian response with the mean (SD) number of mature oocytes being (A: 3.3 (2.9), B: 3.4 (3.4), and C: 3.5 (2.9), respectively). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Study sample size was calculated to detect differences on the mean number of good quality blastocysts. Therefore, results for secondary outcomes (embryo transfer rates and clinical pregnancy rates) should be interpreted with caution as exploratory findings that deserve future investigations. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Although DUOSTIM fresh results in a higher number of blastocysts as compared with a single stimulation in young low prognosis patients, the decision of performing dual stim should be evaluated with caution, considering that whether this may improve embryo transfers rate and pregnancy outcomes is still unclear. Results on cumulative-live-birth-rate are warranted. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The study was an investigator-initiated study supported by an unrestricted grant by Organon. N.P.P. has received grants from Merck Serono, Organon, Ferring Pharmaceutical, Theramex, and Besins Healthcare. N.P.P. has received consulting fees from Merck Serono, Organon, Besins Healthcare, and IBSA. N.P.P. has received honoraria for lectures from Merck Serono, Organon, Theramex, Roche Diagnostics, IBSA, Besins Healthcare, and Ferring. A.R. has received Research grants, honoraria for lectures from Merck Serono, MSD/Organon, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Besins International, IBSA, Guerbet. The other authors declare that there is no conflict of interest to disclose with respect to the content of this article. TRIAL REGISTRATIO NUMBER NCT04446845. TRIAL REGISTRATION DATE 25 June 2020. DATE OF FIRST PATIENT’S ENROLMENT 30 October 2020.

Split flow principle implementation for advanced subcritical double stage organic rankine cycle configuration for geothermal power production

The main goal of research is to find the most suitable combination of working fluids, for double stage Organic Rankine Cycle configurations which ensure maximum net power output for low to medium enthalpy geothermal sources with temperatures from 120 °C to 180 °C. All obtained results are compared with the values obtained in simple Organic Rankine Cycle configuration. In general, it can be concluded that the highest net power output is produced by the double stage Organic Rankine Cycle configuration in the geothermal temperature interval from 120 °C to 132 °C. In the geothermal fluid inlet temperature interval from 143 °C to 180 °C double stage Organic Rankine Cycle configuration achieves the highest net power output values at 150 °C, 160 °C, 170 °C and 180 °C and that 40,93 (kW) with a combination of working fluids R236fa/R1234yf (high temperature stage/low temperature stage), 49,85 (kW) with R236ea/R227ea, 59,03 (kW) with R236ea/R227ea and 69,40 (kW) with n-Butane/R1234ze(E). In the temperature interval from 132 °C to 142 °C all considered configurations achieve similar values of net power output.

Characterization of relaxation behaviour of CF/PEKK aerospace composites using the time-temperature-crystallinity superposition principle

In this study, the Time-Temperature-Crystallinity Superposition Principle (TTCSP) was applied to determine the viscoelastic behavior of Thermo-rheological Complex Materials (TCM), specifically Carbon fibre/Poly-Ether-Ketone-Ketone (CF/PEKK) composites. The study investigated the effects of various parameters on the viscoelastic behavior of the composites, such as the degree of crystallinity after different melting temperatures, relaxation, and crystallization times. The TTCSP was utilized on the relaxation data to generate great-grand master curves for the degree of crystallinity for different laminate lay-ups. Hot press forming was employed to manufacture samples under different processing conditions, including various melting and cold crystallization temperatures. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was employed to calculate the degree of crystallinity of CF/PEKK composites, while the Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer (DMA) was used to obtain the relaxation data. The generated great-grand master curves proved effective in predicting the relaxation behavior of the composites consolidated using single and double hold cycles at different melting temperatures and crystallization times, respectively. The great-grand master curves presented in this study can serve as valuable tool to calibrate key viscoelastic and/or thermo-viscoelastic material models for aerospace-grade CF/PEKK composites. These models are crucial for simulations aimed at predicting residual stresses and process-induced deformations during the thermoforming process.

Evaluation of a concentrated solar power-driven system designed for combined production of cooling and hydrogen

The current technique of hydrogen generation and cooling production raises climatic problems, which calls for the investigation of cleaner alternatives. No research has been conducted to propose and analyze a solar thermal power cycle-based water electrolysis for on-site production of hydrogen and the detailed exergy analysis of a series flow double-effect absorption chilling machine employed for large solar cooling. In this regard, a helically coiled tube embedded central receiver is used in the heliostat field for the simultaneous production of solar cooling and green hydrogen to meet the increasing needs of energy and fuel sustainably. The combined system is composed of four sub-systems including a heliostat field, LiBr–H2O operated series-flow double effect absorption refrigeration cycle (DEARC), organic Rankine cycle (ORC), and proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer. The system was examined from energy and exergy perspectives in the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) using library data of REFPROP for obtaining the thermodynamic properties of working fluids. The results of the thermodynamic model for the combined system are validated. Furthermore, the effect of ambient temperature, solar irradiation, and type of ORC working fluid on the hydrogen and cooling production, and the overall energy and exergy efficiency of the combined system are examined. A computational fluid dynamics simulation applying ANSYS-FLUENT was used to examine how coil curvature ratio and coil torsion affect solar heat transfer fluid (SHTF) pressure and temperature leaving the receiver. The coil curvature ratio affects temperature increase more than coil torsion. Solar heat transfer fluid outlet temperature increases by 36.9 % when the coil curvature ratio increases from 0.063 to 0.095 at direct normal irradiations (DNI) 1200 W/m2, input temperature of 92°C, and coil torsion of 0.032. The response of the cogeneration cycle to varying operating parameters is examined. Application of R141b as the ORC fluid results in a large increase of cooling exergy efficiency from 14.98 % to 63.48 % when the ambient temperature is increased from 15 °C to 45 °C whereas the exergy efficiency of the combined system is marginally improved. The exergy distribution presents for ORC operating on R141b, out of 100 % input solar exergy, 16.42 % is generated as hydrogen exergy and 13.67 % cooling exergy, 66.79 % is the exergy destroyed, and the rest 3.12 % is exergy loss. Exergy analysis is utilized to identify the sources of losses in useful energy within the components of the system considered and provides a more realistic and meaningful assessment than the traditional energy analysis. The results justify a need for the promotion of exergy analysis through policy decisions in the context of the global energy and environment crisis.

The heterogeneous impact of China–Europe railway express on the efficiency of logistics industry in node cities

PurposeThe spatiotemporal compression effect of China–Europe Railway Express (CR-Express) can reduce the flow costs of resources between China’s node cities. Additionally, it can break through the limitations of low-added-value marine products, significantly impacting the logistics industry efficiency. However, there are few literature verifying and analyzing its heterogeneity. This study explores the impact of CR-Express on the efficiency of logistics industry in node cities and analyzes the heterogeneity.Design/methodology/approachFirst, this study uses panel data to measure the efficiency of node city logistics industry. Secondly, this study discusses the impact of the opening of CR-Express on the efficiency of logistics industry in node cities based on the multi-period differential model. Finally, according to the node city difference, the sample city experimental group is grouped for heterogeneity analysis.FindingsThe results show that CR-Express can promote the urban logistics industry efficiency, with an average effect of 4.55%. According to the urban characteristics classification, the heterogeneity analysis shows that the efficiency improvement effect of logistics industry in inland cities is more obvious. The improvement effect of node cities and central cities in central and western China is stronger, especially in the sample of megacities and type I big cities. Compared with non-value chain industrial products, the CR-Express has significant promotion effects on the logistics efficiency of the cities where main goods are value chain products.Originality/valueUnder the background of double cycle development, this paper can provide a scientific basis for the investment benefit evaluation of CR-Express construction and the follow-up route planning.

Enhancing green hydrogen production via improvement of an integrated double flash geothermal cycle; Multi-criteria optimization and exergo-environmental evaluation

The environmental advantages of hydrogen as a clean energy carrier are more prominent when it is produced utilizing renewable resources. In this regard, a novel geothermal energy driven electricity generation system integrated to hydrogen production plant is developed and investigated in this research. In the developed plant, a PEM electrolyzer is employed for hydrogen generation such that its required electricity is provided by an improved double-flash geothermal cycle. A self-superheater is applied for superheating the vapor at the steam turbine inlet using the geothermal resource to enhance the hydrogen production capacity. To evaluate feasibility of such superheating process and to examine its effects on hydrogen production, thermodynamic models are developed based on first and second laws. Also, environmental considerations are considered in evaluation of the proposed plant performance based on exergo-environmental indices. The influences of first and second flashing pressure, geothermal source temperature and current density of water electrolyzer on energy and exergy efficiency, hydrogen production rate, and environmental damage index are investigated. After carrying out a parametric study, the optimum operation point of the plant is determined via a two-objective optimization based on the hydrogen rate and environmental damage index (EDI). It is found that, under optimum operation, the system can produce 25.48 kg/h of hydrogen, while its environmental damage index is calculated to be as 0.00645.

Outdated? The phase model of the double invasion-succession cycle in German-language gentrification research

Phase models of gentrification play a prominent role in German-language urban geography textbooks and in shaping discussions on urban gentrification. Their empiric validity however, remains a topic for debate. To contribute to this debate, we conduct a comprehensive literature review of English- and German-language gentrification research over the past 40 years, with a specific focus on phase models. We examined 4,262 papers on gentrification, employing keyword searches and forward citation to pinpoint those that reference the phase models. Out of these, 223 papers mentioned the phase models or relevant key terms, but upon closer examination, only 56 directly addressed the model, forming the basis for our qualitative content analysis. We then assess the evolution of scientific discourse on phase models and their empirical validation. Despite their widespread reference, our study reveals that only a small fraction of gentrification research explicitly engages with these models, with limited empirical evidence to support their comprehensive validity. We argue that, although these models offer a framework for understanding gentrification, they are not universally applicable and neglect important elements such as, amongst others, supply-side factors and the diversity of gentrification trajectories. We advocate for a more nuanced approach to gentrification studies, calling for empirical research that encompasses a wider array of socio-ecological factors and recognizes the heterogeneity of gentrification patterns. Furthermore, there is a need for improved integration of urban research findings into educational materials, proposing a more critical presentation of gentrification models in school textbooks to reflect their limitations and the complex realities of urban development.

SELECTION OF A SOLAR COOLING SYSTEM FOR STRAWBERRY STORAGE IN THE SOUTH OF BRAZIL

Solar energy is an alternative to reducing dependence on non-renewable energy sources in various productive sectors. The present work has its main objective to simulate, evaluate and select a solar cooling system using a double absorption cycle (H2O – LiBr). The heat source of the generator-absorber is the water heated through different technologies of solar thermal collectors: Evacuated Tube Collector (ETC) and Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC). Five different arrangement areas were tested for each collector type. The systems were simulated in the TRNSYS® software. A 334.4 m³ cold chamber must be maintained at a constant temperature of 0 ºC. The thermal and energy analysis results indicate that the ETC configuration has the best system efficiency and the highest solar fraction throughout the year. The best option evaluated is the ETC configuration with a collector area of 100 m². In addition to supplying the thermal demand, it presents the most significant collector efficiencies, a better solar ratio, the highest savings at the end of the analysis period, and the lowest required investment value, showing as a sustainable option.

Analyze the Impact of Nuclear Energy on Many Aspects of Life Cycles—Review

AbstractEnergy has long been seen as an important factor in meeting needs of people, in order to sustain and support the economic growth and livelihood. To understand the various technological processes in the nuclear power life cycle, it is first necessary to know the types of fuels used today. There are two types of gasoline in use today, “open” and “partially closed,” respectively, referred to as “single cycle” (OTC) and “double cycle” (TTC). A distinction must be made between “partial” closed fuel cycles, as they apply to current critical (thermal neutron spectrum) reactor technology, which is limited to two passes, and “full” closed cycles, which allow for greater circulation of spent oil but must be used. Fast reactors (FR) are included in the reactor fleet. Many recoveries of FR—already proven but not yet widely used in industry—will lead to reduced demand for uranium mining. In this section, references to “closed” fuel cycles include “partially” closed cycles, i.e., TTCs. What type, if any, is the correct content or information in question? Analysis of the world's energy consumption in recent years shows that the world's energy consumption has increased by 50% in less than a decade.

Research on the Transformation of Traditional Commercial Banks Based on the Perspective of Financial Technology

With the rapid development of technology and the acceleration of the process of informationization, the financial industry has paid increasing attention to financial technology. The rise of financial technology can help improve the operational efficiency of the financial system, promote the structural change of the financial supply side, promote the development of "double cycle", and promote the high-quality development of China's economy. Fintech has had a profound impact on the business model of the traditional banking industry, transforming it from intermediary to platform. Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data analysis, blockchain and cloud computing have brought more efficient, convenient and personalized financial services to the banking industry. In the face of changing market demand and fierce competition, traditional banks have begun to transform with the help of technology. However, there are still certain challenges in the process of financial technology change. To achieve the transformation, traditional banks must develop a clear digitalization strategy and invest more in technology strength and architecture. Traditional banking firms should establish partnerships with fintech firms, innovative companies, and others to develop innovations and share resources. In addition, they should pay attention to customer experience and provide personalized, convenient, and high-quality financial services to customers. This project will contribute to an in-depth understanding of how fintechs change traditional business models and facilitate the transformation of commercial banks in the fintech environment.

On Ski–Snow Contact Mechanics During the Double Poling Cycle in Cross-Country Skiing

Of the medals awarded during the Winter Olympics Games, most are awarded for sports involving cross-country (XC) skiing. The Double Poling (DP) technique, which is one of the sub-techniques used most frequently in XC skiing, has not yet been studied using simulations of the ski–snow contact mechanics. This work introduces a novel method for analysing how changes in the distribution of pressure on the sole of the foot (Plantar Pressure Distribution or PPD) during the DP motion affect the contact between the ski and the snow. The PPD recorded as the athlete performed DP, along with an Artificial Neural Network trained to predict the geometry of the ski (ski-camber profile), were used as input data for a solver based on the boundary element method, which models the interaction between the ski and the snow. This solver provides insights into how the area of contact and the distribution of pressure on the ski-snow interface change over time. The results reveal that variations in PPD, the type of ski, and the stiffness of the snow all have a significant impact on the contact between the ski and the snow. This information can be used to improve the Double Poling technique and make better choices of skis for specific snow conditions, ultimately leading to improved performance.Graphical

Research on the Impact of Digital Transformation on Corporate Business Credit in the Context of Double Cycle: Based on the Moderating Effect of Outward Investment

This paper empirically examines the impact of digital transformation on business credit, using data from 2013-2022 as a sample. It also studies the impact of outward investment on the relationship between the two in the context of the double cycle. The study demonstrates that the digital transformation of enterprises has a significant positive impact on the availability of business credit. The effect of digital transformation on improving business credit of enterprises is stronger when the outward investment of the business credit market is in the upward stage. The outbound merger and acquisition mode has a more significant moderating effect on digital transformation and business credit. The analysis of heterogeneity reveals that digital transformation has a more significant enhancement effect on the business credit of non-high-tech industries, non-state-owned enterprises, and enterprises with high equity concentration that are at a financing disadvantage. Additionally, it is found that digital transformation can improve information transparency, reduce agency costs, and alleviate financing constraints, thereby enhancing the level of business credit financing for enterprises. The aforementioned findings offer valuable theoretical references and managerial insights for the implementation of digital transformation in enterprises and research related to outward investment in the context of the double-cycle.

The birth order and identity formation during emerging adulthood

Introduction: The aim of the study was to analyse the relationship between birth order and identity development during emerging adulthood. Identity formation was defined in accordance with the Double Cycle of Identity Formation model by Koen Luyckx and the corresponding DIDS questionnaire in Polish adaptation by Konrad Piotrowski. Method: Referring to the Identity Development Dimensions Scale, hypotheses were put forward regarding birth order and the value of individual dimensions. 102 people took part in the study, in the form of an anonymous online questionnaire, declaring, among other things, their order of birth in the family. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis, where the intensity of each of the five dimensions of DIDS was compared: exploration in breadth, commitment making, ruminative exploration, exploration in depth, and identification with commitment. Results: Results of the study indicate that middle children undertake significantly less exploration in both breadth and depth, compared to the youngest and oldest children. Conclusions: A review of research dealing with the issue of birth order suggests that middle children are a very diverse and ill-defined group as a result of many intervening variables. Therefore, this group may have exceptional difficulty in exploring and finding their own space. The lack of specific identity characteristics or roles is not compensated here. Other factors pivotal for a person's identity formation are also considered in the postulates for further research, e.g. the matter of taking up a job.

Shanghai Crude Oil Futures Yield Volatility Study

Since the listing of Shanghai crude oil futures in March 2018 its market performance has gradually attracted attention. The closing price data of the futures for the period from March 26, 2018 to April 17, 2023 are selected as observations, and a GARCH model is fitted to the futures log return series to analyze the development of Shanghai crude oil futures and its future trend. The study finds that extreme events such as the New Crown epidemic and the Russia-Ukraine conflict had led to high volatility of Shanghai crude oil futures, but the volatility gradually stabilized in the context of the double cycle at home and abroad. The study compares the effectiveness of the GARCH(1,1)-T model and the GARCH(1,1)-GED model in fitting the logarithmic returns of the Shanghai crude oil futures market. the GARCH(1,1)-T model is able to better capture the asymmetry of the market volatility and the phenomenon of sharp peaks and thick tails after taking into account the distributional characteristics of the residuals. In the paper, the closing price of Shanghai crude oil futures in the next 10 days is predicted according to the GARCH(1,1)-T model, and the short-term prediction effect is better.

Study on the Influence of Digital Economy on High-quality Trade Development Under the "Double Cycle" Pattern

With the deepening of globalization and the rapid development of digital technology, digital economy has become a new important force to promote economic growth. The new development pattern of "double cycle" proposed by China focuses on realizing the mutual promotion of internal circulation and external circulation on the basis of expanding domestic demand. This paper aims to explore in the "binary" development pattern, based on the benchmark regression study how digital economy has a positive impact on trade quality development, the results show that the digital economy to improve the level of trade facilitation, promote the trade structure optimization, accelerate the trade pattern innovation, and by promoting the proportion of trade in services effectively promote the high quality development of China's trade. At the end of the paper, the countermeasures and suggestions are put forward.

Research on multi-objective parameter optimization of split flow dual flash thermodynamic cycle

In addition to considering the intermediate pressure variables, the split flow double flash thermodynamic cycle also needs to consider the operating conditions and split flow coefficient of the cycle. Traditional algorithms require too much computation and have a longer response time. Faced with sudden operating conditions or changes in production conditions, it is difficult to quickly re-optimize the intermediate parameters of the split flow double flash thermal cycle and carry out corresponding system control. This article uses intelligent optimization algorithms instead of global search methods to optimize multi-objective parameters in a split flow double flash thermodynamic cycle. By summarizing and analyzing the characteristics of algorithms such as SIO, EA, and ANN, it is believed that the GWO algorithm in the SIO class is the most suitable for multi-objective parameter optimization of the split flow double flash thermal cycle. It is combined with the SA optimization algorithm to propose the SA-GWO algorithm with faster optimization speed and higher optimization accuracy, taking the initial position of the wolf pack as the optimization objective. Combined with the cycle thermodynamic model, a multi-objective parameter optimization model for the split flow double flash thermal cycle is established.