Double-row System Research Articles

Effect of Spatial Arrangements on Yield and Competition of Jute (Corchorus Olitorius l.) and Mungbean (Vigna radiata l. Wilczek) in Intercropping

Low profitability from jute farming, declining jute area and negligible pulse area are the rising concerns of farmers of Indo-Bangla subcontinent. This paper evaluated the extent of yield competition in jutemungbean intercropping with varying spatial geometry under alternate single row (SR) and double row (DR) planting. Two 2-year field experiments were conducted independently for the two systems of plantings involving jute (cv NJ 7010) and mungbean (cv TMB-37) arranged in systematic designs for 3×3×3 spacing and plant density combinations with three replications. Yield competition was assessed using indices. Intercropping was found productive and profitable compared to sole cropping. Land equivalent ratios (LER) and area × time equivalent ratios (ATER) always exceeded unity. Jute equivalent yield (JEY) increased in the range of 4.9-45.3% and 30.7-51.1% over sole jute fibre yield and mean monetary advantage index exceeded 27100 and 31800 ₹ ha-1 for SR and DR planting, respectively. Economic advantage was higher for spacing combinations of 40 cm (row to row) × 6.5-8 cm (jute to jute in a row) × 10-12 cm (mungbean to mungbean in a row) in SR planting and for DR system it was at a band-to-band spacing of 11 cm with plant densities of 40-50 m-2 for jute and 25-30 m-2 for mungbean. Dense and intimate planting of jute reduced mung seed yield due to light stress. DR planting seemed more advantageous. SAARC J. Agric., 19(2): 137-155 (2021)

Can saline irrigation improve the quality of tomato fruits?

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effect of irrigation with saline water on fruit quality, yield, and plant nutrition of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars. Tomato cultivation was carried out under protected environment conditions in a double row system with drip irrigation performed according to the demand of the plants. Commercial fruit weight, commercial fruit number, fruit yield, absorption of Ca, N, P, S, K, and Mg were all affected by saline irrigation. The leaf Na concentration and the concentration of total phenolic compounds, total titratable acids, total soluble solids, vitamin C, carotenoids, and flavonoids in the fruits were favored from the increase in irrigation salinity. The Na+ causes a deficiency of Ca, which impairs seed formation in tomato fruits, as Ca is a structural element in the formation of the pollen grain. The Onix genotype had the highest yield, weight, and number of commercial fruits under control and moderate salt stress conditions. Saline water impaired nutrient absorption and improved tomato fruit quality. Under salt stress, tomato plants were able to absorb and translocate large amounts of Na+ to the shoot and even improved the organoleptic quality of fruits, increasing the content of carotenoids, flavonoids, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, total soluble solids, and total titratable acids of tomato fruits. The clustering analysis was able to show the highest genetic dissimilarity between the group composed of Shanty, Maestrina, and Ipa 6 and the group with Sheena, Totalle, and Pizzadoro under salt stress conditions; also, it evidenced the greater stability of these genotypes.

Sugarcane fertilization package with double row system to increase yield of first ratoon cane

The purpose of this study was to obtain a package of compound fertilization on a double row system on growth, cane yield, sugar content, and sugar yield on first ratoon cane (RC1) in dry land. The research was conducted from January to October 2016 at Asembagus Research Station, Situbondo, East Java. Six treatments of fertilizer packages were arranged in a Randomized Block Design with four replications, consisting of standard fertilizer packages for a single row (6 quintal compound fertilizer NPK (15-15-15) + 5 quintals ZA) per ha, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, and 2.0 times the standard fertilizer package. The results showed that the highest RC1 sugarcane yield (138.57 t/ha) was achieved by fertilizing 8.4 compound fertilizer + 7 ZA (quintal/ha) or 1.4 times the standard dose, resulting in a 25.52% increase in sugarcane yield compared to standard fertilizer (110.40 t/ha). The sugar content did not differ among the treatments ranging from 9.2 to 10%. The highest sugar yield was 12.97 t/ha in line with sugarcane yield. This finding suggested the recommendation of a fertilizer package for a double row system in sugarcane.

Seed treatment using biofertilizer to improve plant growth and yield performances of upland rice cultivars under various planting densities

Producing upland rice through the use of high yielding cultivars and better agronomical practices is a promising way to improve rice production in Indonesia. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effect of seed treatment on growth and yield of two upland rice cultivars under two planting densities, and to identify its related traits. A field experiment was conducted in Banten Province, Indonesia. Two rice cultivars, Inpago 8 and Inpago 9 were treated with biofertilizer and were arranged into double-row system with the density of 21 plants m−2 or 33 plants m−2. Research results showed that seed treatment significantly improved plant growth and seed yield for both cultivars due to greater panicle number and seed number per panicle. Biofertilizer contributed to a greater amount of total biomass as well as harvest index (HI). Increasing planting density from 21 to 33 plants per m−2 improved panicle number that affected seed yield increase. The Inpago 9 performed superior in seed yield as compared to Inpago 8 due to better seed number per panicle and HI. High yielding upland rice cultivars in combination with biofertilizer and appropriate planting density would be an approach to improve upland rice production.

TOP-DRESSING NITROGEN DOSES IN MAIZE SOWN IN SINGLE AND DOUBLE ROWS AND CULTIVATED IN WINTER

Due to the intensification of production in irrigated areas, maize hasbeen sown in winter, enabling three seasons in one agricultural year. The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of maize under irrigation and cultivated in winter under different plant arrangements (single and doublerow) under top-dressing nitrogen doses. The experimental design used was in randomized blocks in a split-plot scheme, with four replicates. Plots were formed by sowing systems single and double rows and subplots were formed by four top-dressing N doses: 0 kg ha-1 of N; 80 kg ha-1 of N with single application in phenological stage V3; 160 kg ha-1 of N with application of 80 kg ha-1 in V3 and V6, and 240 kg ha-1 of N with application of 80 kg ha-1 in stages V3, V6 and V8. The single-row sowing system led to higher grain yield compared to maize grown in the double-row system. Maize grain yield showed progressive linear increments with increasing top-dressing N doses, reaching 11,089 kg ha-1 of grains with the maximum studied dose of 240 kg ha-1 of N. Sowing systems in single and double rows do not differ with respect to the use of top-dressing N.

An improved double-row rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantation system increases land use efficiency by allowing intercropping with yam bean, common bean, soybean, peanut, and coffee: A 17-year case study on Hainan Island, China

Light limitation has been a major constraint in maximizing land use via intercropping in conventional single-row rubber plantations. Based on a double-row rubber plantation established by using cordon rubber tree clone (CATAS 7-20-59) in 2002, a long-term field experiment was conducted to investigate whether land use efficiency could be increased by allowing intercropping with more crops in the lower strata. Although the double-row system produced significantly lower total rubber yield (12964 kg ha−1) compared with the single-row system (14455 kg ha−1) from 2010 to 2018, no difference in rubber yield per tree between the double-row and single-row systems was observed. Unlike single-row systems, the double-row system prevented the development of continuous heavy shade at tree maturity and permitted 2–4 h of direct sunlight to penetrate the lower strata, where companion crops were planted in 2014 and 2017. The photosynthetically active radiation ranged from 26 to 1815 μmol m−2 s−1 in the intercropped area in the double-row system, whereas it ranged from 12 to 450 μmol m−2 s−1 in the single-row system. Of the annual intercrops tested, yam bean produced the highest yield in comparison to its yield in monoculture (74.6% of that in monoculture), whereas peanut exhibited the lowest comparative yield potential (38.1% of that in monoculture). Compared with a typical yield of Robusta coffee in monocultures (1226.0 kg ha−1), the yield of intercropped Robusta coffee plants was 35.3% lower. The yield of intercropped Arabica coffee (1319.8 kg ha−1) was similar to that of monocultural Robusta coffee. Taken together, results demonstrate that double-row planting sufficiently improves soil-level light availability, thus allowing intercropping with more potential crops without loss in rubber yield per tree at maturity, as compared with single-row systems.

Effect of double rows plant system on plant growth, yield components and grain yield in prolific and non-prolific hybrid maize

Double row plant systems in corn plants theoretically can improve the efficiency of light interception in leaves, but their effect on grain yields is not consistent in each hybrid type. This research was conducted in the experimental garden of the Balai Penelitian Tanaman Serealia (Balitsereal) Maros Regency, South Sulawesi. This study aimed to evaluate the response of yields of prolific and nonprolific hybrid corn types to the double row and single row planting systems. Experimental design using Randomized Group Design in divided plot design that was carried out with three replications. The main plot was variety Nasa-29, Bisi-2 (prolific), Bima-19 (nonprolific), while subplot was a double row and single row. The double row planting system did not have a significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, and leaf area index (ILD), but a significant positive effect was found on the number of grains per row of ears, number of ears per plant, and percentage of the weight of the second ear’s grains to the total yield and grain yield. In this study, the significant effect of double rows on each variety tested was not seen on all parameters tested. The double row planting system significantly increases the grain yield and the grain yield was consistent with the increase in the number of ear rows, the number of ear per plant and the percentage of grain weight of the second ears on yield, but not on plant height. The leaf area index achieved in this study may be one of the determinants of increased grain yield. A double row system can be considered as an alternative planting system, especially in the type of prolific hybrid corn to increase the contribution of two ears to grain yield.

Produktivitas dan Pendapatan Sistem Usaha Tani Kedelai dengan Berbagai Sistem Jajar Legowo

The interest of Indonesian farmers to grow soybean is relatively low because the price of soybean is not competitive and tend to be low. Therefore there is a need to increase the interest of farmers to grow soybean. One of them by increasing crop productivity through the use of the right planting system. This study aims to test the various doble row planting systems that is able to provide the best productivity for soybean and increase farmer's income. The research was conducted by demo farm method on 3 ha of farmer land in Ntuwu Lamba farmer group of Sambinae urban village of Bima. The experiment was design based on a randomized block design where there were 3 sowing distance treatments that were planted at 40 x 10-15 cm, double row system 60-30 cm x 10 cm, and double row planting system 40-20 x 10 cm. The result of the study showed that the double row planting system of 60-30 x 10 cm gave the highest yield on both agronomic and yield parameters. Financial analysis shows that jajar legowo of 60-30 x 10 cm resulting in the highest profit of Rp. 10.058.000/ha and R/C ratio of 2.47 and B/C 1.47.

Harvest interval and row spacing of SRC willow influence yield and nutrient content

This study investigated effects of planting density and harvest interval on SRC willow over six growth years. In a double row system with 0.74 m plant distance and 0.75 m row spacing within double rows, we compared normal (1.5 m) and large (2.62 m) double row spacing, corresponding to 1.2 and 0.8 plants m−2. Over two three-year harvest rotations with two cultivars, large row spacing reduced mean annual dry matter (DM) yield significantly from 7.0 to 5.3 Mg ha−1 y−1 (23%). Row spacing did not interact with cultivar or harvest rotation.Harvest intervals of one, two or three years were compared for one cultivar on two sites over six years. DM yield generally increased from first to later harvest rotations. Mean annual DM yield increased significantly with increased harvest interval, with 4.9, 6.6 and 8.0 Mg ha−1 y−1 for one-year, two-year and three-year intervals, respectively. This corresponds to a yield reduction of 39 and 17% for annual and biennial harvest, respectively, compared to triennial harvest. The yield for annual harvest may have been affected by weed competition but also browsing.Across shoot ages from one to three years, the concentration of N, P and K in DM decreased non-linearly with a reduction of 53, 58 and 59%, respectively, when DM yield increased from 1.5 to 40.6 Mg ha−1. Across data from this and 7 published studies, N concentration reached a constant level above 12 Mg ha−1 DM yield. This has implications for optimization of biomass quality and quantification of nutrient removal.

Growth Comparison of Young Three Agarwood Producing Species Intercropped with Rubber under Different Light Conditions

Sri Lankan rubber industry is facing severe challenges due to the presence of relatively cheaper synthetic rubber, poor quality lands, high labour cost and white root disease epidemic. Rubber Research Institute of Sri Lanka (RRISL) has found intercropping of short rotation commercial crops with rubber as a solution for these problems. Agarwood producing species of family Thymalaeaceae are suitable crops for this reason as those can be rotated about three times in a 30 year lifespan of a rubber plantation. Those species form a highly valuable resin due to a self-defense mechanism which can be induced artificially inside the stem. Therefore the present study was conducted to identify the most suitable agarwood producing species to be intercropped with rubber under different light conditions. A field trial was established in RRISL premises of Dartonfield, Agalawatte for this reason. Three agarwood producing species; Aquilaria crassna, A. subintegra and Gyrinops walla were intercropped with rubber clone RRIC 121 planted in single and double row systems. The first two have recently been introduced to Sri Lanka and G. walla is native to the country. Agarwood species planted at 3m intervals in these intercropping systems were exposed to full sunlight and 50% artificial shade. Stem diameter at 30 cm above the ground and total height were taken as the growth measurements at monthly intervals for 15 months. Growth at the end of each three month period was compared using one-way ANOVA using Minitab software. According to the results, both diameter and height were not significantly different for all three species when grown in 50% shade or under full sun. However, both diameter and height growth of Gyrinops walla was significantly lower than A. crassna and A. subintegra when grown under full sun and 50% shade in both single and double row systems of rubber at the 14th month. Apart from the height growth at the 14th month under full sun of double row system, significant differences were not observed for both diameter and height between A. crassna and A. subintegra for all above treatments. Therefore it is evident that the growth of G. walla which is native to Sri Lanka is lower even at the early stage than the introduced two agarwood producing species. Keywords: Gyrinops walla, Agarwood producing species, Intercropping, Rubber

Effect of plant density on biomass yield of Cynara cardunculus

Cynara cardunculus L. is a perennial herb that has been proposed as an energy crop in Mediterranean environments because of its adaptation to dry and hot summers. Plant density is an important factor for biomass production but it is related to water availability; therefore, in water-constrained conditions it should be optimized. In this work the effect of plant density on the production of C. cardunculus is studied at field level in the rain-fed conditions of central Spain. The experiment was conducted under Mediterranean-continental conditions, 430 mm annual rainfall and 3-month dry period, on average. Sowing was carried out beginning autumn by means of a seed driller with 0.80 cm between rows. After one-year establishment, two plant densities were compared in 1-ha plots: the standard plant density and a sparse plant density, designed as a double-row system; it was achieved by lifting two out of four crop rows. Treatments were evaluated for plant density, stalk density, number of heads, plant height, biomass production and dry matter content in summertime. Cynara plants tended to be higher (215 vs. 205 cm) and more productive (0.83 vs. 0.69 kg dm pl-1) in double-rows, despite intra-variability. However, this apparent higher growth did not compensate the reduced plant density and finally, the yield in biomass was lower than in the single-row treatment (8 vs. 13 t dm ha-1 harvestable biomass). Moreover, a higher proportion of cauline leaves was recorded, which affected the quality of the biomass as a solid biofuel since N content is usually higher in leaves than in stems. Therefore, evidence was provided that the double-row design does not result in yield improvement.

WOOD ASH FERTILIZATION OF ENERGY PLANT BASKET WILLOW (SALIX VIMINALIS L.)

Energetic utilization of wood biomass obtained from fast-growing woody plants nowadays records more important capability. The article discusses the issue of research using wood ash as a solid waste from the boiler while burning biomass and the intensification of short-rotation coppice basket willow - common osier (Salix viminalis L.) for energy use as a renewable energy source. The purpose of the article is to show the importance of basket willow (Salix viminalis L.) as a short-rotation coppice with the emphasis of its production and remedial effects. The examined varieties of willow can be ordered according to their suitability for the conditions of southern Slovakia as follows: 1. ULV (52.5 t.ha-1); 2. ORM (41.3 t.ha-1); 3. RAPP (24.3 t.ha-1). In terms of planting organization, better results were achieved in planting space B in single rows (41.8 t.ha-1) than in planting space A as double row system (36.9 t.ha-1). According to the Slovak Republic legislation, it is allowed to use wood ash only for the scientific purposes. We assume that the results obtained within this project will be applied in the modification of legislative framework to enable the use of wood ash for applying nutrients at least in energetic plants cultivation.

Intercropping Lentil with Mukhikachu (Collocasia Esculenta) at Different Planting Systems

The experiment was conducted at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, BARI, Jessore during consecutive two years (2007-08 and 2008-09) to find out the comparative performance of different intercropped lentil with Mukhikachu for getting higher yield and economic return. Five treatments comprised of T1= Sole lentil (30 cm apart continuous seeding), T2 = Sole mukhikachu [(double row) = 20 cm/55/20 cm x 45 cm], T3= Mukhikachu (double row) + 1 row of lentil 30 cm apart (33% seeding ratio) between 2 double row of mukhikachu, T4 = Mukhikachu (double row) + 2 rows of lentil 30 cm apart (66%) between 2 double row of mukhikachu and T5= Mukhikachu (double row) + lentil broadcast (100%). Intercropping systems did not affect the rhizome yield of mukhikachu significantly but affected the seed yield of lentil. Lentil and mukhikachu equivalent yield were the highest (5.87 in 2007-08 and 6.09 t/ha in 2008-09, and 27.24 in 2007-08 and 30.45 t/ha in 2008-09, respectively) in treatment T4. This treatment also gave the highest LER (1.63 in 2007-08 and 1.54 in 2008-09), net return (Tk. 290508 in 2007-08 and Tk. 368900/ha in 2008-09) with BCR of 4.19 in 2007-08 and 4.88 in 2008-09, respectively. It reveals that lentil could be grown easily in double row system of Mukhikachu without hampering yield of Mukhikachu with higher benefit and also enhanced lentil production in the area. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i4.11757 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 36(4): 669-676, December 2011

Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: Scientific rationale, surgical technique, and early clinical and functional results of a knotless self-reinforcing double-row rotator cuff repair system

Rotator cuff repair has shown to improve shoulder function and reduce pain experienced by patients. Successful repairs should have high fixation strength, allow minimal gap formation, maintain stability, and restore normal anatomy and function of the supraspinatus footprint. The purpose of this study is to describe our preferred method for rotator cuff repair using a knotless self-reinforcing double-row system, and to cite biomechanical data rationalizing its use. Seventeen of 22 patients were identified as undergoing primary rotator cuff repair with minimum follow-up of 1 year (mean, 535 days; range, 370-939). The average age was 63 (range, 43-79). Data collected included average pain today, average worst pain, Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE), and patient satisfaction. For all patients, average pain today and average worst pain decreased and functional scores (SANE) increased. Patient satisfaction was 9.8 out of 10 (range, 7-9). The patients also began rehabilitation earlier and returned to full activities at 4 months. These results indicate that the knotless self-reinforcing double-row repair system is a viable option in treating rotator cuff tears. This system provides improved contact area and restores the native footprint of the tendon leading to better outcomes.

HURRICANE OMAR WIND TOLERANT PAPAYA

During the mid and late 1990s the US Virgin Islands experienced frequent hurricanes which destroyed most of the papaya crops. From this experience, papaya breeding focused on developing short and compact lines with fruit set within 1 m of the soil. A papaya plot was established in a double-row system, 2 m between plants in a row, 1 m between rows and 3 m between sets of double rows. Papaya trees, 7 months after transplanting, latent with fruit and in the first month of harvest, were subjected to hurricane Omar force winds in October 2008. Papaya varieties over 2 m in height 'Tainung 1', 'Tainung 5', 'Known-You 1' and Kapoho had 10-20% broken stem and 70-80% were blown down. Three compact papaya lines, 1-1.5 m tall, had no broken stems and only up to 15% of the plants blown over. These results indicate that short productive trees, with a lower center of gravity, were able to tolerate hurricane force.

Improving the spatial arrangement of planting rubber ( Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) for long-term intercropping

Fluctuation in rubber prices has been a serious problem to growers and intercropping with economically important crops offers a practical solution to this issue whilst increasing overall productivity. However, shade given by the rubber canopy limits possibilities of incorporating other sun-liking crops into rubber-based systems. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine suitable spatial arrangements for planting rubber in order to facilitate long-term rubber-based intercropping systems. A field experiment was established in a commercial estate in the Kalutara district of Sri Lanka with five systems of spatial arrangement comprising: (1) single row; (2) double row; (3) three row systems; as well as, (4) three plant triangular; (5) four plant square cluster systems of planting. Planting density of rubber remained constant across the treatments and systems were assessed for a period of 9 years. Plants in single row alleys and in cluster systems performed better than those in other systems with respect to growth and yield. However, canopy closure was rapid in these systems resulting in poor light penetration. Both double row and three row systems provided the highest unshaded area and hence light penetration. Considering overall performance, the double row system was identified as the best system for long-term intercropping. In view of improving the plant growth in the double row system and further facilitating long-term intercropping, a revised version of the double row system was proposed reducing the planting density of rubber.

A Success Story of Commercialization of Pineapple in Pakistan

From 1950 until the 1980s, pineapple cultivation in Pakistan met with limited success because of a number of constraints. These included saline soils, brackish water, and a poor understanding of the requirements for nutrition, irrigation, growth and varietal adaptation, pest, disease, weather stress, overall crop management, and cultural practices. A new approach was attempted in late 1970 to the early 1980s, when a group of organizations in the Karachi metropolitan area developed a pot culture technique replacing local saline soils by river sand, and providing city city water instead of brackish underground irrigation. This pot culture system was limited by cost, unpredictable performance of survival, growth, and development, yield, and production of planting material. Thus, it could not be adapted on a commercial basis. These limitations were investigated in a 4-year study (1987–1990) at the Plant Introduction Centre, Karachi, of the Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, and technology was developed that led to the successful introduction, adaptation, and commercialization of pineapple production in Pakistan. Under the harsh arid conditions of Karachi, field trials were conducted with the pineapple var. Queen as an intercrop under a coconut canopy with trench and double-row system of planting. The best fertilizer management treatment consisted of the application of 4 kg gypsum and 5 kg cow manure on a per-plant basis, incorporated during land preparation and followed by the application of 56 g N and 60 g K per plant per annum in six split dosages. Fruit weighing 1000 g or more were harvested during 12 to 15 months following planting. Fruits were of high quality, with 13.6 % sugars, 1.5 % acidity, and TSS value of 4.7. Five suckers and slips were produced by each plant. The application of these soil amendments reduced soil pH from 8.5 to 6.9 and ECe by 80%. This regime enabled the use of slightly brackish underground water (ECe 2.7 mmhos) for irrigation. Weekly intervals of irrigation during summer and fortnightly intervals during winter were optimum. The crop was free of serious pest and disease. Mealy bugs and scale insects were controlled by Sumithion, rodents by Raccumin, while physical damage by squirrels and birds was avoided by covering the fruit with perforated paper bags. Through the development of this integrated production technology, Pakistan is now able to grow pineapples commercially.

Productivity and Fruit Quality of ‘Aroma’ Apples as Affected by Tree Density in Single Row, Double Row and Triple Row Planting Systems in a Northern Climate

Abstract In five experiments, the productivity and fruit quality of ‘Aroma’ apples as affected by tree density in single row, double row and triple row systems were studied over 11 years (1982-92). Tree vigour was more strongly affected by rootstocks (MM106 > M26 > M9) than by tree density within the range tested. In the single row system, ‘Aroma’ on M26 at density 1270 trees per ha outyielded trees on MM106 (800 trees per ha) by 41%. By density 2660 trees per ha in the single and double row system of ‘Aroma’ on M9, an additional 31% yield increase was obtained. At this density, yield per tree was reduced significantly. Fruit quality components like fruit size, soluble solids content, ground colour, red surface colour and flavour were not affected by planting system or tree density. ‘Aroma’ on M26 in the triple row system with 50% more trees per ha outyielded trees of the single row system with similar within-row spacing by 55%. Apples obtained acceptable fruit quality in the triple row system.

Agronomic management of potato/sugarcane intercropping and its economic implications

Thirteen experiment-station and farmer experiments to determine the agronomic and economic benefits related to the intercropping of potato with sugarcane were run from 1982 to 1987 under rainfed conditions in Bangladesh. Cane yield was enhanced when intercropped with potato, and the benefit was related to the use of residual P and K, and to a lesser extent N. In all experiments, net returns from cane intercropped with potato were greater than from sole cane, and were further increased by the use of mulch. Potato yield increased to the maximum population tested as an intercrop (10 plants m −2), but maximum net economic benefits were not always derived from the greatest populations. Changing the traditional single-row planting system of sugarcane for a double-row system, in which more space was available for the intercrop, did not reduce cane yield but facilitated the planting of high potato plant populations. It is concluded that the practice of intercropping potato with sugarcane exploits the temporal complementarity between crops to the benefit of the farmer.

Double row system for field screening of tobacco plants on nematode-infested soils

Double row system for field screening of tobacco plants on nematode-infested soils