Double Line Research Articles

#3460 DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW CELLULAR MODEL TO EVALUATE THE CLINICAL IMPACT OF PKD1 VARIANTS EXPLOITING CRISPR/CAS9 SYSTEM

Abstract Background and Aims Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is the most common single-gene disorder and the most frequent progressive kidney disease, which ultimately leads to kidney failure and renal replacement therapy. Almost 80% of cases of ADPKD are attributed to germline mutations in PKD1, even though at least one second somatic event such as the inactivation of the remaining wild-type PKD1 allele is required for the disease's manifestation. A significant portion of all variants identified in PKD1 is classified as “variant of unknown significance” (VUS) and understanding their functional impact may be of diagnostic importance for patients and their families. So, a proper experimental model to study the functional impact of different genetic lesions is needed to readily confirm their pathogenicity. Method The HEK293T cell line was modified to express an inducible Cas9 and afterwards transfected with a sgRNA targeting exon 15 of PKD1 to generate clones carrying homozygous or heterozygous nonsense variants, validated by Sanger sequencing. Transcript level and protein expression were evaluated, and then functional read-outs were set-up to validate the model. Heterozygous clones were used to introduce a second PKD1 variant, c.11614G>A p.(Glu3872Lys) in exon 42, using a modified CRISPR system called base editors, able to operate single-base substitutions (Figure 1A). Results Heterozygous (+/−) and homozygous (−/−) exon 15 PKD1 clones were generated. These cells showed a slight decrement in PKD1 mRNA levels, and PC1 protein loss was confirmed in full knock-out clones. Functionally, immunofluorescence staining highlighted a different cytoskeletal rearrangement in cells lacking PC1, which did not present actin protrusions at variance with WT and heterozygous cells. In agreement with these results, PKD1−/− clones showed reduced migration as demonstrated by wound healing assay. In starving conditions, PKD1−/− cells were characterized by increased viability, resistance to cell death and a disrupted autophagic pathway, as demonstrated by LC3BI-II conversion, which in PKD1−/− cells is diminished. Validation of the model is also supported by RNA sequencing data indicating that double knock-out cell lines display an upregulation of genes involved in proliferative pathways and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, as well as a down-regulation of genes involved in cytoskeletal organization. We then used the heterozygous exon 15 clones to introduce a specific variant in exon 42, classified as C4 according to ACMG criteria. To do so, PKD1+/+ and PKD1+/− cell lines were transfected with a sgRNA guide that correctly positioned the Cytosine Base Editor. Using this approach we could generate a double knock-out cell line on exon 42 and a “double hit” cell line carrying a heterozygous variant on exon 15 and an homozygous one on exon 42, which represents a more likely real-life situation. Functional assessment of the variant's pathogenicity and comparison with exon 15 double knock-outs is currently ongoing. Conclusion In conclusion, we generated a new PKD cellular model that can be easily exploited to reproduce some of the VUS variants identified, by clinical exome sequencing, in our cohort of ADPKD patients. Results obtained provide a proof-of-principle of the feasibility of this approach and allowed to identify selective read-outs (Figure 1B) to be used for a rapid screening to assess the phenotypic impact of specific PKD1 variants.

Fault Classification in Power Distribution System with Distributed Generation

The primary aim of Power System is to provide uninterrupted power supply to consumers but the performance of Power System is frequently affected by Power Distribution System faults. In order to maintain the continuity of supply and to improve the efficiency of Power System the Power Distribution System fault should be rapidly diagnosed and treated accurately. This paper describes the development of Wavelet-Artificial Neural Network method for classification of Faults in Power Distribution System with Distributed Generation. The disturbances characterized are events from an IEEE 14 bus test system with Distributed Generation. The main purpose of the algorithm is to classify the unsymmetrical faults, single-line-to-ground fault (LG), double line fault (LL) and double line to ground fault (LLG). Along with this some other parameters are also discussed in this work like impact of DG on voltage regulation, impact of DG on harmonics, impact of DG on losses and the impact on short circuit level of the network

TRIM25-mediated ubiquitination of G3BP1 regulates the proliferation and migration of human neuroblastoma cells

Neuroblastoma is one of the most severe malignant tumors and accounts for substantial cancer-related mortality in children. Ras-GTPase-activating protein SH3 domain-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) is highly expressed in various cancers and acts as an important biomarker of poor prognosis. The ablation of G3BP1 inhibited the proliferation and migration of human SHSY5Y cells. Because of its important role in neuroblastoma, the regulation of G3BP1 protein homeostasis was probed. TRIM25, which belongs to the tripartite motif (TRIM) family of proteins, was identified as an interacting partner for G3BP1 using the yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) method. TRIM25 mediates the ubiquitination of G3BP1 at multiple sites and stabilizes its protein level. Then, our study found that TRIM25 knockdown also inhibited the proliferation and migration of neuroblastoma cells. The TRIM25 and G3BP1 double knockdown SHSY5Y cell line was generated, and double knockdown cells exhibited lower proliferation and migration ability than cells with only TRIM25 or G3BP1 knockdown. Further study demonstrated that TRIM25 promotes the proliferation and migration of neuroblastoma cells in a G3BP1-dependent manner. Tumor xenograft assays indicated that the ablation of TRIM25 and G3BP1 synergistically suppressed the tumorigenicity of neuroblastoma cells in nude mice, and TRIM25 promoted the tumorigenicity of G3BP1 intact SHSY5Y cells but not G3BP1 knockout cells. Thus, TRIM25 and G3BP1, two oncogenic genes, are suggested as potential therapeutic targets for neuroblastoma.

GmUFO1 Regulates Floral Organ Number and Shape in Soybean.

The UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS (UFO) gene is an essential regulatory factor of class B genes and plays a vital role in the process of inflorescence primordial and flower primordial development. The role of UFO genes in soybean was investigated to better understand the development of floral organs through gene cloning, expression analysis, and gene knockout. There are two copies of UFO genes in soybean and in situ hybridization, which have demonstrated similar expression patterns of the GmUFO1 and GmUFO2 genes in the flower primordium. The phenotypic observation of GmUFO1 knockout mutant lines (Gmufo1) showed an obvious alteration in the floral organ number and shape and mosaic organ formation. By contrast, GmUFO2 knockout mutant lines (Gmufo2) showed no obvious difference in the floral organs. However, the GmUFO1 and GmUFO2 double knockout lines (Gmufo1ufo2) showed more mosaic organs than the Gmufo1 lines, in addition to the alteration in the organ number and shape. Gene expression analysis also showed differences in the expression of major ABC function genes in the knockout lines. Based on the phenotypic and expression analysis, our results suggest the major role of GmUFO1 in the regulation of flower organ formation in soybeans and that GmUFO2 does not have any direct effect but might have an interaction role with GmUFO1 in the regulation of flower development. In conclusion, the present study identified UFO genes in soybean and improved our understanding of floral development, which could be useful for flower designs in hybrid soybean breeding.

Stability evaluation method of large cross-section tunnel considering modification of thickness-span ratio in mechanized operation

PurposeThis study aims to research the large cross-section tunnel stability evaluation method corrected after considering the thickness-span ratio.Design/methodology/approachFirst, taking the Liuyuan Tunnel of Huanggang-Huangmei High-Speed Railway as an example and taking deflection of the third principal stress of the surrounding rock at a vault after tunnel excavation as the criterion, the critical buried depth of the large section tunnel was determined. Then, the strength reduction method was employed to calculate the tunnel safety factor under different rock classes and thickness-span ratios, and mathematical statistics was conducted to identify the relationships of the tunnel safety factor with the thickness-span ratio and the basic quality (BQ) index of the rock for different rock classes. Finally, the influences of thickness-span ratio, groundwater, initial stress of rock and structural attitude factors were considered to obtain the corrected BQ, based on which the stability of a large cross-section tunnel with a depth of more than 100 m during mechanized operation was analyzed. This evaluation method was then applied to Liuyuan Tunnel and Cimushan No. 2 Tunnel of Chongqing Urban Expressway for verification.FindingsThis study shows that under different rock classes, the tunnel safety factor is a strict power function of the thickness-span ratio, while a linear function of the BQ to some extent. It is more suitable to use the corrected BQ as a quantitative index to evaluate tunnel stability according to the actual conditions of the site.Originality/valueThe existing industry standards do not consider the influence of buried depth and span in the evaluation of tunnel stability. The stability evaluation method of large section tunnel considering the correction of overburden span ratio proposed in this paper achieves higher accuracy for the stability evaluation of surrounding rock in a full or large-section mechanized excavation of double line high-speed railway tunnels.

Fault Location of Doukan-Erbil 132kv Double Transmission Lines Using Artificial Neural Network ANN

Transmission lines are generally subjected to faults, so it is advantageous to determine these faults as quickly as possible. This study uses an Artificial Neural Network technique to locate a fault as soon as it happens on the Doukan-Erbil of 132kv double Transmission lines network. CYME 7.1-Programming/Simulink utilized simulation to model the suggested network. A multilayer perceptron feed-forward artificial neural network with a back propagation learning algorithm is used for the intelligence locator's training, testing, assessment, and validation. Voltages and currents were applied as inputs during the neural network's training. The pre-fault and post-fault values determined the scaled values. The neural network's performance was evaluated, and tests were run. Line-to-ground faults were examined. The study demonstrates how effective, rapid, and precise this method is at locating faults. The neural network's performance was examined, and tests were run on it. The overall performance of the mean square error in the trained network execution was 0.11792 at 35 epochs. The correlation coefficient at the entire target was 0.99987 percent of an error on the Doukan-Erbil double transmission lines.

Transmission line fault analysis using actuating relays and Atmega 328P controller

<span lang="EN-US">Since transmission lines account for 80–86% of power system problems, protecting transmission lines is a critical concern. This research proposes a method to identify and categorize various short circuit defects on transmission lines. Various operational and fault circumstances on the transmission of high voltage lines, including L-L fault, single phase to earth fault, and double line fault, double line Three fault scenarios triple line fault, triple line to ground fault, and triple line are simulated using MATLAB software. These flaws damage the linked devices to the power grid. The main motto of this work is to analyze various kinds of faults and also to detect the type of the fault in transmission line. In order to simulate and evaluate the various faults, a 100 km transmission line model was created. A sim power system block library had a fault block, and the harmonic content of the various faults was studied using the FFT tool, the effect of faults was observed. Based on the analysis, a hardware model is designed to identify the faults in transmission line using actuating relays and Atmega 328P microcontroller and display the fault type and parameters like fault impedance, and distance at which fault occurred.</span>

Simulation of photovoltaic station interfacing scada within transmission line

In this paper, a developed simulation of a photovoltaic (PV) station that includes a PV module, a grid-connected inverter, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) system, and a DC link capacitor was discussed. The MPPT uses a proportional integral derivative (PID) incremental conductance controller. Due to make it simple to control and monitor the PV station, Simulink dashboard is used to develop an interface that resembles a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system. Then the faults circumstances were simulated on one of the circuits of the double circuit transmission line using the faults combo box that is accessible in the interface. Then the cases were developed to examine the impact of various faults on the operation and control of the solar station. The developed cases namely normal circumstance, single-phase to ground fault circumstance, double-phase fault circumstance, and three-phase to ground fault circumstance, respectively. Three-phase voltage and current at given fault conditions have been measured to control voltage sag and swell. The active and reactive power are also measured due to obtain that they are injected or absorbed the power from and to the transmission line and maintain toward their setpoint values as indications while the faults occurred.

Collective-Coupling Enhanced Ultrabroadband Linear Polarization Conversion on Zigzag-Split Metasurfaces

Polarization manipulation plays a pivotal role in integrated multifunctional devices. Various metasurface-based polarization converters successfully demonstrated high efficiency and broad bandwidth. However, new mechanisms to aggressively enhance performance are still in dire need. Herein, theoretical and experimental evidence corroborates an efficient ultra-wideband transmissive polarization converter based on a topological design method. The triple-layer meta-device consists of a layer of anisotropic zigzag-split resonator array amid two orthogonal wire-grating layers. By splitting double zigzag lines into compound 90°V-shaped resonators, the intra-unit cross-coupling extends to strong inter-unit cross-coupling, giving birth to the multi-resonances enhancement and significant bandwidth broadening. This polarization converter can efficiently convert linearly polarized incident waves into 90° cross-polarized transmitted waves, with a conversion efficiency above 80% over 3.98-22.71 GHz, reaching a fractional bandwidth of 140.4%. The proposed meta-device enables strong cross-coupling in mutual transition from intra-unit to inter-unit. From a physical viewpoint, the novel mechanism is elucidated by the surface current and electric field distributions upon constructive interferences stemming from V-shape-resonator combinations and the Fabry-Pérot-like cavity effect. With both spectrum and function extensions, the proposed polarization conversion strategy finds essential applications in polarization-related systematic scenarios, such as 6G communication, radar imaging, anti-interference, chiral sensing, etc.

Theoretical tidal evolution constants for stellar models from the pre-main sequence to the white dwarf stage

Aims. One of the most reliable means of studying the stellar interior is through the apsidal motion in double line eclipsing binary systems since these systems present errors in masses, radii, and effective temperatures of only a few per cent. On the other hand, the theoretical values of the apsidal motion to be compared with the observed values depend on the stellar masses of the components and more strongly on their radii (fifth power). The main objective of this work is to make available grids of evolutionary stellar models that, in addition to the traditional parameters (e.g. age, mass, log g, Teff), also contain the necessary parameters for the theoretical study of apsidal motion and tidal evolution. This information is useful for the study of the apsidal motion in eclipsing binaries and their tidal evolution, and can also be used for the same purpose in exoplanetary systems. Methods. All models were computed using the MESA package. We consider core overshooting for models with masses ≥1.2M⊙. For the amount of core overshooting we adopted a recent relationship for mass × core overshooting. We adopted for the mixing-length parameter αMLT the value 1.84 (the solar-calibrated value). Mass loss was taken into account in two evolutionary phases. The models were followed from the pre-main sequence phase to the white dwarf (WD) stage. Results. The evolutionary models containing age, luminosity, log g, and Teff, as well as the first three harmonics of the internal stellar structure (k2, k3, and k4), the radius of gyration βy, and the dimensionless variable α, related to gravitational potential energy, are presented in 69 tables covering three chemical compositions: [Fe/H] = −0.50, 0.00, and 0.50. Additional models with different input physics are available.

Crystal-field analysis and models of Eu-emission centers with C3v symmetry in insitu Eu- and Mg-codoping GaN layers

Gallium nitride active layers co-doped in situ with magnesium and europium, GaN(Mg):Eu, show strong red photoluminescence (PL), promising for red light emitting diode (LED) application (Eu@621 nm). Polarized PL lines excited by either above or below band-gap energy for the GaN(Mg):Eu layers are assigned to the 5D0→7FJ (J = 0, 1, 2) transitions lines from several Eu centers with C3v symmetry, which consist of single line, double lines and triple lines related to splitting of 7FJ (J = 0, 1, 2) by the C3v crystal-field, respectively. Cascade luminescence line-pattern of the 5D1→7FJ (J = 0, 1, 2) transitions is a complete replica of the PL line-pattern and gives evidence of the correct assignment of the polarized PL lines. Crystal-field splitting and Zeeman splitting of the PL lines have been analysed using the C3v crystal-field equivalent operator Hamiltonian. Structural Eu models with the C3v symmetry have been proposed on the basis of the analysis: the dominant Eu center is an Eu complex with defect-free perfect surrounding: the minor Eu centers are Eu complexes accompanied by nitrogen vacancies with different charge states on the c-axis in the closest vicinity of Eu. An important role of Mg atoms in the GaN(Mg):Eu active layers has been proposed to suppress creation of gallium vacancies, giving rise to enhancement of the PL emitted from the defect-free Eu centers.

HT-B and S-RNase CRISPR-Cas9 double knockouts show enhanced self-fertility in diploid Solanum tuberosum.

The Gametophytic Self-Incompatibility (GSI) system in diploid potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) poses a substantial barrier in diploid potato breeding by hindering the generation of inbred lines. One solution is gene editing to generate self-compatible diploid potatoes which will allow for the generation of elite inbred lines with fixed favorable alleles and heterotic potential. The S-RNase and HT genes have been shown previously to contribute to GSI in the Solanaceae family and self-compatible S. tuberosum lines have been generated by knocking out S-RNase gene with CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing. This study employed CRISPR-Cas9 to knockout HT-B either individually or in concert with S-RNase in the diploid self-incompatible S. tuberosum clone DRH-195. Using mature seed formation from self-pollinated fruit as the defining characteristic of self-compatibility, HT-B-only knockouts produced little or no seed. In contrast, double knockout lines of HT-B and S-RNase displayed levels of seed production that were up to three times higher than observed in the S-RNase-only knockout, indicating a synergistic effect between HT-B and S-RNase in self-compatibility in diploid potato. This contrasts with compatible cross-pollinations, where S-RNase and HT-B did not have a significant effect on seed set. Contradictory to the traditional GSI model, self-incompatible lines displayed pollen tube growth reaching the ovary, yet ovules failed to develop into seeds indicating a potential late-acting self-incompatibility in DRH-195. Germplasm generated from this study will serve as a valuable resource for diploid potato breeding.

The ppk-expressing transgenic rice floating bed improves P removal in slightly polluted water

With significant economic advantages, the plant floating bed has been widely utilized in the ecological remediation of eutrophic water because of the excessive phosphorus (P) and nitrogen discharge in China. Previous research has demonstrated that polyphosphate kinase (ppk)-expressing transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica) (ETR) can increase the P absorption capacity to support rice growth and boost rice yield. In this study, the floating beds of ETR with single copy line (ETRS) and double copy line (ETRD) are built to investigate their capacity to remove aqueous P in slightly polluted water. Compared with the wild type Nipponbare (WT) floating bed, the ETR floating beds greatly reduce the total P concentration in slightly polluted water though the ETR floating beds have the same removal rates of chlorophyll-a, NO3−-N, and total nitrogen in slightly polluted water. The P uptake rate of ETRD on the floating bed is 72.37% in slightly polluted water, which is higher than that of ETRS and WT on the floating beds. Polyphosphate (polyP) synthesis is a critical factor for the excessive phosphate uptake of ETR on the floating beds. The synthesis of polyP decreases the level of free intracellular phosphate (Pi) in ETR on the floating beds, simulating the phosphate starvation signaling. The OsPHR2 expression in the shoot and root of ETR on the floating bed increased, and the corresponding P metabolism gene expression in ETR was changed, which promoted Pi uptake by ETR in slightly polluted water. The Pi accumulation further promoted the growth of ETR on the floating beds. These findings highlight that the ETR floating beds, especially ETRD floating bed, have significant potential for P removal and can be exploited as a novel method for phytoremediation in slightly polluted water.

Brassica napus Haploid and Double Haploid Production and Its Latest Applications

Rapeseed is one of the most important oil crops in the world. Increasing demand for oil and limited agronomic capabilities of present-day rapeseed result in the need for rapid development of new, superior cultivars. Double haploid (DH) technology is a fast and convenient approach in plant breeding as well as genetic research. Brassica napus is considered a model species for DH production based on microspore embryogenesis; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying microspore reprogramming are still vague. It is known that morphological changes are accompanied by gene and protein expression patterns, alongside carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Novel, more efficient methods for DH rapeseed production have been reported. This review covers new findings and advances in Brassica napus DH production as well as the latest reports related to agronomically important traits in molecular studies employing the double haploid rapeseed lines.

Cytosolic Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate Aldolases Modulate Primary Metabolism and Phytohormone Homeostasis in Soybean

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) is an important catalytic enzyme in carbon metabolism and plays an important role in plant growth and development. Currently, the biological functions of FBA in soybean (Glycine max) remain unknown. In this study, we conducted research on FBA in soybean and identified 14 GmFBA genes. Among them, GmFBAc1 and GmFBAc2 are broadly expressed in different tissues. Double mutant lines of GmFBAc1 and GmFBAc2 were obtained by CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology. Compared with the wild type, the double-gene homozygous mutant gmfbac1gmfbac2 exhibited dwarf seedlings and narrow leaflets, indicating that GmFBAc1 and GmFBAc2 are critical for soybean growth and development. The gmfbac1gmfbac2 metabolomic analysis revealed that compared to the wild type, carbohydrate metabolism was reduced and amino acid metabolism was enhanced in gmfbac1gmfbac2 mutant leaves. Transcriptomic analysis showed that genes in IAA signaling and JA signaling were downregulated and upregulated, respectively. Our study demonstrates an important role of GmFBAc1 and GmFBAc2 in modulating carbon metabolism and phytohormone homeostasis.

Generation of isogenic and homozygous MEN1 mutant cell lines from patient-derived iPSCs using CRISPR/Cas9

MEN1, an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the tumor suppressor gene MEN1, manifests with co-occurrence of multiple endocrine/neuroendocrine neoplasms. An iPSC line derived from an index patient carrying the mutation c.1273C>T (p.Arg465*) was edited using a single multiplex CRISPR/Cas approach to create an isogenic control non-mutated line and a homozygous double mutant line. These cell lines will be useful for elucidating subcellular MEN1 pathophysiology and for screening to identify potential MEN1 therapeutic targets.

Research on Quantitative Investment Strategy Based on Multifactor and Double Average Model

In recent years, with the gradual maturity of China's capital market, the number of rational investors is also increasing, and the demand and application for quantitative stock selection is becoming increasingly widespread. Among many quantitative stock selection theories, the multi factor stock selection model and the double moving average stock selection model are favored by institutional investors due to their inherent characteristics such as discipline, systematicness, and accuracy. This article conducts quantitative stock selection analysis for listed companies based on a quantitative investment research model based on multiple factor and double average line models, and studies whether the model can help investment and obtain additional benefits, providing some ideas for future quantitative analysis.

Evaluation research on the independent controllability of high-end equipment manufacturing industry based on dual incentive control line: an empirical analysis from Jiangsu Province

PurposeIn order to analyze the level of independent controllability and its evolution of high-end equipment manufacturing industry from Jiangsu Province, this article introduces the dual-excitation control line method to construct a comprehensive evaluation model for independent controllability.Design/methodology/approachThrough the collection of information of high-end equipment manufacturing industry's independent and controllable capabilities on different indicators, the three aspects of advancement, autonomy and controllability, an empirical evaluation of 10 enterprises in the high-end equipment cluster in Jiangsu Province was conducted in terms of advancement, autonomy and controllability.FindingsIt effectively reveals the area and evolution characteristics of the “reward” and “punishment” of different indicators of each representative enterprise and reflects the development status and different characteristics of each representative enterprise on the three indicators. The research results provide decision-making guidance for enterprises in the management and control of advanced manufacturing systems with independent and controllable capabilities.Originality/valueExisting research focuses on the evaluation of enterprises' independent controllability only on a single angle or index. This paper maps the dynamic evaluation problem of multiple time-point data to the evaluation problem of single time-point multi-index data and investigates the fluctuation of the performance of the same enterprise under different indexes, so as to comprehensively evaluate the independent controllable level of high-end equipment manufacturing industry and analyze the reasons. Further, this paper first establishes an evaluation index system of independent controllable level of high-end equipment manufacturing industry and quantitatively measures the advanced, independent, controllable and other aspects of typical enterprises in this industry by constructing a double incentive control line evaluation model.

Nucleotide excision repair in Human cell lines lacking both XPC and CSB proteins.

Nucleotide excision repair removes UV-induced DNA damage through two distinct sub-pathways, global repair and transcription-coupled repair (TCR). Numerous studies have shown that in human and other mammalian cell lines that the XPC protein is required for repair of DNA damage from nontranscribed DNA via global repair and the CSB protein is required for repair of lesions from transcribed DNA via TCR. Therefore, it is generally assumed that abrogating both sub-pathways with an XPC-/-/CSB-/- double mutant would eliminate all nucleotide excision repair. Here we describe the construction of three different XPC-/-/CSB-/- human cell lines that, contrary to expectations, perform TCR. The XPC and CSB genes were mutated in cell lines derived from Xeroderma Pigmentosum patients as well as from normal human fibroblasts and repair was analyzed at the whole genome level using the very sensitive XR-seq method. As predicted, XPC-/- cells exhibited only TCR and CSB-/- cells exhibited only global repair. However, the XPC-/-/CSB-/- double mutant cell lines, although having greatly reduced repair, exhibited TCR. Mutating the CSA gene to generate a triple mutant XPC-/-/CSB-/-/CSA-/- cell line eliminated all residual TCR activity. Together, these findings provide new insights into the mechanistic features of mammalian nucleotide excision repair.

Creating high-resistant starch rice by simultaneous editing of SS3a and SS3b.

Creating high-resistant starch rice by simultaneous editing of SS3a and SS3b.