Double Channel Research Articles

Design of Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based D-Type Double Open-Loop Channels PCF for Temperature Sensing.

Here, we document a D-type double open-loop channel floor plasmon resonance (SPR) photonic crystal fiber (PCF) for temperature sensing. The grooves are designed on the polished surfaces of the pinnacle and backside of the PCF and covered with a gold (Au) film, and stomata are distributed around the PCF core in a progressive, periodic arrangement. Two air holes between the Au membrane and the PCF core are designed to shape a leakage window, which no longer solely averts the outward diffusion of Y-polarized (Y-POL) core mode energy, but also sets off its coupling with the Au movie from the leakage window. This SPR-PCF sensor uses the temperature-sensitive property of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to reap the motive of temperature sensing. Our lookup effects point out that these SPR-PCF sensors have a temperature sensitivity of up to 3757 pm/°C when the temperature varies from 5 °C to 45 °C. In addition, the maximum refractive index sensitivity (RIS) of the SPR-PCF sensor is as excessive as 4847 nm/RIU. These proposed SPR-PCF temperature sensors have an easy nanostructure and proper sensing performance, which now not solely improve the overall sensing performance of small-diameter fiber optic temperature sensors, but also have vast application prospects in geo-logical exploration, biological monitoring, and meteorological prediction due to their remarkable RIS and exclusive nanostructure.

Nonreciprocal Fano resonance enhanced unidirectional scattering by subwavelength magnetic meta-atoms

Superscattering effect of subwavelength particles has been intensively investigated due to the broad range of potential applications and the crucial role in understanding light–matter interactions, which is usually achieved by the superposition of multipolar resonances. Nonetheless, for the particles with intrinsic magnetic response the multipolar resonances cannot be completely superimposed due to the breaking of time-reversal symmetry under a bias magnetic field, resulting in substantially different scattering behaviors as is certain. We demonstrate an enhanced unidirectional scattering by the subwavelength magnetic “meta-atoms”, which is triggered by the formation of nonreciprocal Fano resonance arising either from the interference of Mie resonances associated with the double angular momentum channels (AMCs) at lower frequency or from the combinational interaction of Mie resonances associated with the triple AMCs at higher frequency. To identify the connection between the nonreciprocal Fano resonance and the unidirectional scattering, the fundamental rules are established to characterize the performance of nonreciprocal effect. The present research can be extended to the optical regime by considering magneto-optical materials and also instructive for the nonreciprocal photonics and potential applications.

Dose measurement using a leuco crystal violet film system with high sensitivity for food irradiation applications

Radiation dosimetry is of paramount importance to achieve the desired objectives in radiation processing of food. The low dose range of 0.1–1 kGy is very important for selected food irradiation applications. Inexpensive and easy to handle routine dosimeters that operate in this range are thus highly desirable. To this end, a leuco crystal violet dye based radiochromic film was developed incorporating 2,2,2-trichloroethanol as sensitizer. This system exhibits a linear dynamic response in the 0.1–1 kGy dose range. The sensitivity of the films to spectroscopic readout was found to be ∼146 kGy−1 mm−1 which is higher than that of any previously reported leuco crystal violet film dosimeter. The limit of detection, limit of quantification, and prediction error were determined to be 0.050 kGy, 0.077 kGy, and ±0.47%, respectively. The response of the film was also assessed using two image analysis methods – the conventional single channel approach and a novel double channel approach. A prediction error of less than ±1.0% was obtained for the latter. The results demonstrate for the first time that the dose response of leuco crystal violet based systems can be studied by inexpensive desktop scanner based colour analysis.

On the double channel engineering of dual gate AlGaN/GaN HEMTs for heavy ion sensing applications

This work investigates the influence of Single Event Transient (SET) effect on Double Channel Dual Gate (DC-DG) AlGaN/GaN HEMT using TCAD simulations. Both Single Channel (SC) and Double Channel HEMT have been calibrated with reported experimental results and further extended by introducing a second gate in the structures to analyze its sensitivity towards heavy ion strike. The effective gate length has been optimized in such a way that the saturation currents and threshold voltage of dual gate devices is similar to that of the single gate devices. The DC-DG HEMT improves the heavy ion sensitivity, thus making it a more viable device for sensing application (mainly radiation). Different biases and gate materials have been used to observe the influence of SET on the DC-DG AlGaN/GaN HEMT. Further, the impact of the graded AlGaN barrier on the device current as well as on the sensitivity of the DC-DG HEMT towards SET is studied. To ascertain the performance of DC-DG HEMT for dosimeter applications, its sensitivity toward heavy ion impact in switched mode is monitored. Investigation reveals that the device current returns to its original order of magnitude after every ion impact, and therefore can be effectively used as a dosimeter.

Toward Intelligent Sensing: Optimizing Lidar Beam Distribution for Autonomous Driving

(Light Detection And Ranging) sensors have been widely used in autonomous vehicles as the main sensors. According to the specification details of the widely used 3D products in the market, the distribution of vertical beam channels is set according to a uniform angular resolution, which is not ideally efficient for specific autonomous tasks. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to find the optimized angular distribution of the vertical beam channels for different application scenarios and installation configurations. The experimental results in a study case suggest that concerning the vehicle detection task, the optimized perform almost two times better than the ones with the same number of channels in terms of the detection range, and have perception performances close to the with double channels in the long distance.

Integrating Intelligent Reflecting Surface Into Base Station: Architecture, Channel Model, and Passive Reflection Design

Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) has emerged as a cost-efficient technique to improve the wireless network’s capacity and performance. Existing works on IRS have mainly considered IRS being deployed in the environment to dynamically control the wireless channels between the base station (BS) and its served users in favor of their communications. In contrast, we propose in this paper a new integrated IRS-BS architecture by deploying IRSs inside the BS’s antenna radome to directly reconfigure the signal radiation to/from the BS’s antennas. In other words, the IRSs can be considered as auxiliary passive arrays with real-time reconfigurability equipped at the BS to enhance its communication performance cost-effectively. Since the distance between the integrated IRSs and BS’s antenna array is practically small (in the order of several to tens of wavelengths), the path loss among them is significantly reduced as compared to conventional IRS deployed much farther away from the BS, while the real-time control of the IRS’s reflection by the BS becomes easier to implement. However, the resultant near-field channel model also becomes drastically different from its far-field counterpart for conventional far-away IRSs in the literature. Thus, we propose an element-wise channel model for IRS to characterize the channel vector between each single-antenna user and the antenna array of the BS, which includes the direct (without any IRS’s reflection) as well as the single and double IRS-reflection channel components. Based on this channel model, we formulate a problem to optimize the reflection coefficients of all IRS reflecting elements for maximizing the uplink sum-rate of the users. By considering two typical cases with/without perfect channel state information (CSI) at the BS, the formulated problem is solved efficiently by adopting the successive refinement method and iterative random phase algorithm (IRPA), respectively. Numerical results validate the substantial capacity gain of the integrated IRS-BS architecture over the conventional multi-antenna BS without integrated IRS. Moreover, the proposed algorithms significantly outperform other benchmark schemes in terms of sum-rate, and the IRPA without CSI can approach the performance upper bound with perfect CSI as the training overhead increases.

Numerical investigation and experimental verification of topological optimized double-layer mini-channels

Double-layer micro/mini channel heat sinks have great potential in the thermal management for integrated chips. In this work, two bi-objective optimization design of mini-channels is implemented using the variable density topology optimization method to get two topological single-layer mini-channel heat sinks (SL-MHSs). Among them, the SL-MHS obtained with the minimization of average temperature and power dissipation as the optimization objectives is named S1, while the SL-MHS obtained with the minimization of temperature variance and power dissipation as the optimization objectives is named S2. Then, S1 and S2 are used as the upper/lower layer of the double layer mini channel heat sink (DL-MHS), respectively. Therefore, four different topological DL-MHSs including D11, D12, D21 and D22 are achieved by assembling S1 and S2. Subsequently, the flow and thermal characteristics of the four topological DL-MHSs and conventional straight DL-MHS (C1) are studied numerically. The results show that when Re = 315, compared with C1, the maximum temperature of the substrate of the topological DL-MHSs (D11, D12, D21 and D22) can be respectively reduced by 17.0,16.6, 14.0 and 13.6 K, while the Nusselt number can be improved by 27.3%, 26.6%, 27.1% and 26.4%, respectively. Additionally, the total thermal resistance is also reduced at least 20%. However, although topological DL-MHSs produce higher pressure drop penalty, the PEC values of topological DL-MHSs are always greater than 1, which indicates that the new topological DL-MHSs is meaningful. Finally, the flow and thermal characteristics of the best one D11 are investigated experimentally. The simulated results agree well with the experimental results.

GFDM Zero Forcing Equalizer for Large Doppler Shift in Correlated Double Ring Channel Models

The nature of wireless communication channels evolves throughout time. Depending on the channel model, wireless communication channels can also be affected by a number of key factors. In the Correlated Double Ring (CDR) wireless channel model, the channel gain parameters are affected by the movement of vehicles on the transmitter and receiver sides as well as the amount of scatterers surrounding the transmitter and receiver. When bits are transmitted across the CDR channel using a Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM) multi-carrier system, the received bit will be degraded as a result of Doppler shift and multipath. To circumvent this, we use a Zero Forcing (ZF) equalizer to correct the erroneous bits on the receive side. In this study, we simulate data bits transmitted via a CDR channel at various speeds, ranging from low speed to high speed, using a GFDM multicarrier system. The ZF equalization method that we propose to overcome the higher Doppler frequency on a high-speed CDR channel of 95 m/s with the scatterer of 8 has been demonstrated to increase Bit Error Rate (BER) performance in comparison to the emergence of a ZF equalization scheme. In order to counteract the vast number of up to 16 multipaths on CDR channels, the ZF equalization approach can improve the BER performance at 95 m/s when compared to when it is not employed. On the Rician CDR channel, the ZF equalization algorithm can efficiently overcome the highly significant Doppler effect and multipath fading.

Novel double channel reverse conducting GaN HEMT with an integrated MOS-channel diode

A novel normally-off double channel reverse conducting (DCRC) HEMT with an integrated MOS-channel diode (MCD) is proposed and investigated by TCAD simulation. The proposed structure has two features: one is double heterojunctions to form dual 2DEG channels named the 1st path and the 2nd path for reverse conduction, and the other is the MCD forming by the trench source metal, source dielectric, and GaN. At the initial reverse conduction stage, the MCD acts as a switch to control the 1st path which would be turned on prior to the 2nd path. Because of the introduction of the 1st path, the DCRC-HEMT has an additional reverse conducting channel to help enhance the reverse conduction performance. Compared with the conventional HEMT (Conv. HEMT), the DCRC-HEMT can obtain a low reverse turn-on voltage (V RT) and its V RT is independent of the gate–source bias (V GS) at the same time. The DCRC-HEMT achieves the V RT of 0.62 V, which is 59.7% and 75.9% lower than that of the Conv. HEMT at V GS = 0 V and −1 V, respectively. In addition, the forward conduction capability and blocking characteristics almost remain unchanged. In the end, the key fabrication flows of DCRC-HEMT are presented.

Assessment of the canal anatomy of the premolar teeth in a selected Turkish population: a cone-beam computed tomography study

BackgroundTeeth may have additional roots and a different number of root canals. Overlooked root canals may cause endodontic failure. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of root canals and the number of roots of premolars in a selected Turkish population.Materials and methodsA total of 2,570 teeth from 1,438 patients were evaluated. The cone-beam computed tomography scans of 1,055 maxillary and 1,515 mandibular premolars were examined.ResultsType IV root canal morphology was observed most frequently in maxillary first premolars (77%), and the rates of single and double channel formations were very similar (51% and 49%, respectively). Of the second maxillary premolars, 57.4% had Type I morphology, and 89.9% of the teeth were single-rooted, while 68.6% had a single root canal. The most common formation was Type I (85%) among mandibular first premolars, and a single root was observed in 95.6% of these teeth. In addition, 87% of the mandibular first premolars had a single root canal. The second mandibular premolars mostly had Type I (95.4%) formation, and 99.3% of the teeth were single-rooted, while 96.9% had a single root canal.ConclusionAccording to our findings, 51% of maxillary first premolars had a single root, 79.4% had two root canals, and 77% had Type IV (77%) formation. Maxillary second premolars mostly had Type I formation. In addition, a single root and single root canal formation were most common. Mandibular first premolars generally had a single root and single root canal formation, but 13% had two root canals, and 6.4% had Type V formation. More than 95% of mandibular second premolars had Type I formation.

Numerical Investigation of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics over Double Backward-Facing Step with Obstacles

Many engineering device, including nuclear reactors, heat exchangers, and electronic circuit boards, exhibit flow separation and reattachment. To reduce thermal stress impacts, the components of these devices, which resemble stepped channel designs and are susceptible to high heat flux, must be properly cooled. The present work numerically investigates the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics through a double backward-facing step with elliptic obstacles located after each step. For this purpose, equations governing fluid flow and heat transfer are solved in a Cartesian framework using an in-house code based on streamline upwind/Petrov-Galerkin finite element method. The effect of various parameters (axis ratios (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1), vertical location of obstacles (0.38, 0.577, 0.769), Reynolds number (300, 500, 800, 1000)) on fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics in the channel with and without obstacles are compared and quantified. The recirculation region length of the double backward-facing stepped channel with obstacles decreases after the first and second steps when compared with no obstacles. The local Nusselt number distribution along the corner regions of the stepped wall is enhanced due to obstacles. The axis ratio of obstacles has less influence on the convective heat transfer enhancement than the vertical location of the obstacles.

A novel force transduction pathway from a tension sensor to the gate in the mechano-gating of MscL channel.

The bacterial mechanosensitive channel of large conductance MscL is activated exclusively by increased tension in the membrane bilayer. Despite many proposed models for MscL opening, its precise mechano-gating mechanism, particularly how the received force at the tension sensor transmits to the gate remains incomplete. Previous studies have shown that along with amphipathic N-terminus located near the cytoplasmic surface of the membrane, Phe78 residue near the outer surface also acts as a "tension sensor," while Gly22 is a central constituent of the "hydrophobic gate." Present study focused on elucidating the force transmission mechanism from the sensor Phe78 in the outer transmembrane helix (TM2) to the gate in the inner transmembrane helix (TM1) of MscL by applying the patch clamp and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to the wild type MscL channel and its single mutants at the sensor (F78N), the gate (G22N) and their combination (G22N/F78N) double mutant. F78N MscL resulted in a severe loss-of-function, while G22N MscL caused a gain-of-function channel exhibiting spontaneous openings at the resting membrane tension. We initially speculated that the spontaneous opening in G22N mutant might occur without tension acting on Phe78 residue. To test this hypothesis, we examined the (G22N/F78N) double mutant, which unexpectedly exhibited neither spontaneous activity nor activity by a relatively high membrane tension. To understand the underlying mechanism, we conducted MD simulations and analyzed the force transduction pathway. Results showed that the mutation at the tension sensor (F78N) in TM2 caused decreased interaction of this residue not only with lipids, but also with a group of amino acids (Ile32-Leu36-Ile40) in the neighboring TM1 helix, which resulted in an inefficient force transmission to the gate-constituting amino acids on TM1. This change also induced a slight tilting of TM1 towards the membrane plane and decreased the size of the channel pore at the gate, which seems to be the major mechanism for the inhibition of spontaneous opening of the double mutant channel. More importantly, the newly identified interaction between the TM2 (Phe78) and adjacent TM1 (Ile32-Leu36-Ile40) helices seems to be an essential force transmitting mechanism for the stretch-dependent activation of MscL given that substitution of any one of these four amino acids with Asn resulted in severe loss-of-function MscL as reported in our previous work.

Tunable and switchable multi-wavelength actively Q-switched random fiber laser based on an electro-optic modulator and Sagnac loop filter.

In this article, an actively Q-switched multi-wavelength random fiber laser based on a Sagnac loop filter and electro-optic modulator is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. The random distributed feedback media is a section of a 25km long single-mode fiber. When the pump power is 350mW, the polarization angle of the Sagnac loop filter can be adjusted by polarization controller to achieve the switching of a single, double, triple, and quadruple channels laser output. In the case of a single laser channel, dual laser channels, and three laser channels output, multiple laser channels can be tuned simultaneously with a fixed wavelength interval. In addition, by changing the waveform of the external signal source, the light and dark pulses can be switched. Owing to the half-open cavity structure and the high gain of the erbium-doped fiber, the laser threshold was reduced to 25mW, and the light conversion efficiency was 0.67%. The laser is an ideal light source for medical imaging and long-distance sensing.

A study on microchip cooling performance increment by using air jet impingement with one and double rows

The impinging jet technique is a high-performance cooling technology for microchips which are basic elements of computer systems and have high heat generation rates in small volumes. In this study, the improvement of heat transfer of the desktop microchips used in all technological products today by air-impinging jet flow was examined. For this purpose, numerical research was carried out on the cooling of copper plate surfaces with two different patterns, concave and roof shaped having 1000 W/m2 constant heat flux in rectangular cross-sectional ducts by one and double air jets with distances of Dh and 2 Dh between them. Numerical analysis was performed steady and in three dimensions with the k– ε turbulence model by the Ansys–Fluent program. The obtained results were compared with the numerical and experimental results of the study in the literature and it was seen that they are determined to be compatible. The results were presented as the mean Nu number for each of both patterned surfaces and the mean outlet temperature of the jet flow ( Tmoj) and the mean Nu number ( Num) of all patterned surfaces in single and double jet channels with different distances. Besides, pressure drop (Δ P), friction factor ( f), thermal resistance ( Rt) and thermo-hydraulic performance (THP) of concave and roof-patterned surfaces in the channels with different jet setup configurations were analyzed. Streamline and temperature contour distributions of the jet flow along the channel for different H/ Dh ratios and jet numbers were evaluated for both patterned surfaces. In H/ Dh = 4 and at Re = 7000, the average Nu number for roof-patterned surfaces was found to be 30.52% higher than concave patterned surfaces in the case of double jets with a distance of Dh. Rt reduction values of the roof and concave pattern surfaces with a double jet arrangement having 2 Dh distance at Re = 5000 and H/ Dh = 8 are 163.7% and 36.23% when compared to single jet, respectively.

Double sodium channel mutation, I265T/L1014F, is possibly related to pyrethroid-resistant in Thrips palmi.

Thrips palmi Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) can harm a variety of agricultural crops and transmit plant viruses, causing heavy economic losses. In the Hainan province of China, pyrethroids were sprayed widely to control T. palmi, which leaded to resistance to pyrethroids in T. palmi. The bioassay has shown that the resistance ratio of T. palmi to pyrethroids increases annually. Resistance ratio to λ-cyhalothrin has increased from 10.711 to 23.321 and to cypermethrin has increased from 5.507 to 23.051 for 3 years, 2020-2022. The double mutation (I265T/L1014F) was identified from the field strain for the first time, which were located in the domains I and II of the voltage-gated sodium channel of T. palmi, respectively. The double mutation is probably the reason for the higher resistance of T. palmi in Hainan. The frequencies of the double mutation were 53.33% in HN2020, 70.00% in HN2021, and 96.67% in HN2022. Results indicated that T. palmi had developed different degrees of resistance to pyrethroids in Hainan. This study provides theoretical guidance for the use of insecticides in the field control of thrips.

Measurement based study of microwave double channel pHEMT device

ABSTRACT The paper presents the measurement study of a double channel pHEMT device. Its focus is on examining impacts of several parameters including probe pitch size, position and the applied pressure on the measurements. The impact of probe pitch size, position and applying suitable amount of pressure and more pressure than required on the measuring perspective of a double channel pHEMT was investigated. As noted from the collected data, these impacts are most likely related to the stability factor, current gain and maximum available gain of the studied microwave device. The measurement was done using two probes with pitch sizes of 200 µm and 150 µm, and the probes were placed in the middle of the device’s contact pads while exerting appropriate pressure. For double channel pHEMT on wafer, the outcome can be deemed similar for both pitch sizes. On the other hand, the probe with pitch size of 200 µm is utilised for applying more pressure than required where the probe occupied the entire pads of the device and the findings are skewed. Finally, it was found that the RF measurement is frequently affected by these conditions while the DC measurements are unaffected or have a minor effect.

Safety and efficacy of a novel suturing device for closure of large defects after endoscopic submucosal dissection (with video)

Endoscopic suturing (OverStitchTM) enables full closure of large defects post endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). However, its use is limited by the need for double channel endoscope. A Novel closure system , OverStitchSX compatible with any single channel endoscope was introduced to address these shortcomings. The aim of this study is to assess the safety and feasibility of OverStitchSX for the closure of large defects post ESD. This is a prospective single center feasibility study of patients who underwent closure of large defects post ESD with Apollo OverStitchSX system. Main outcomes of the study included technical and clinical success, same-day discharge rate and adverse events rate . A total of 33 patients were enrolled. Mean diameter of included lesions was 5.38 ± 2.52 cm. The defect occupied ≥ 50% of the lumen circumference in 70% of the cases. En bloc resection, R0 resection, and curative resection were achieved in 97%, 87.5% and 78.8% of patients, respectively. Technical success and clinical success were seen in 93.9% and 90.9% of the cases, respectively. Same-day hospital discharge was achieved in 77.4% of patients. Total adverse events rate was 35.7%, including delayed bleeding in one patient post rectal ESD; managed conservatively, self-resolving rectal pain (n=7), rectal stricture requiring dilation (n=1) and temporary dysphagia (n=1). No immediate or delayed perforation was reported. OverStitchSX enabled safe and effective closure of large defects post ESD. Future trials are needed to determine its superiority over OverStitchTM for the closure of defects in challenging locations.

The dCache Domain of the Chemoreceptor Tlp1 in Campylobacter jejuni Binds and Triggers Chemotaxis toward Formate.

Chemotaxis is an important virulence factor in some enteric pathogens, and it is involved in the pathogenesis and colonization of the host. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the environmental signals that promote chemotactic behavior and the sensing of these signals by chemoreceptors. To date, there is no information on the ligand molecule that directly binds to and is sensed by Campylobacter jejuni Tlp1, which is a chemoreceptor with a dCache-type ligand-binding domain (LBD). dCache (double Calcium channels and chemotaxis receptor) is the largest group of sensory domains in bacteria, but the dCache-type chemoreceptor that directly binds to formate has not yet been discovered. In this study, formate was identified as a direct-binding ligand of C. jejuni Tlp1 with high sensing specificity. We used the strategy of constructing a functional hybrid receptor of C. jejuni Tlp1 and the Escherichia coli chemoreceptor Tar to screen for the potential ligand of Tlp1, with the binding of formate to Tlp1-LBD being verified using isothermal titration calorimetry. Molecular docking and experimental analyses indicated that formate binds to the membrane-proximal pocket of the dCache subdomain. Chemotaxis assays demonstrated that formate elicits robust attractant responses of the C. jejuni strain NCTC 11168, specifically via Tlp1. The chemoattraction effect of formate via Tlp1 promoted the growth of C. jejuni, especially when competing with Tlp1- or CheY-knockout strains. Our study reveals the molecular mechanisms by which C. jejuni mediates chemotaxis toward formate, and, to our knowledge, is the first report on the high-specificity binding of the dCache-type chemoreceptor to formate as well as the physiological role of chemotaxis toward formate. IMPORTANCE Chemotaxis is important for Campylobacter jejuni to colonize favorable niches in the gastrointestinal tract of its host. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about the ligand molecules for C. jejuni chemoreceptors. The dCache-type chemoreceptor, namely, Tlp1, is the most conserved chemoreceptor in C. jejuni strains; however, the direct-binding ligand(s) triggering chemotaxis has not yet been discovered. In the present study, we found that the ligand that binds directly to Tlp1-LBD with high specificity is formate. C. jejuni exhibits robust chemoattraction toward formate, primarily via Tlp1. Tlp1 is the first reported dCache-type chemoreceptor that specifically binds formate and triggers strong chemotaxis. We further demonstrated that the formate-mediated promotion of C. jejuni growth is correlated with Tlp1-mediated chemotaxis toward formate. Our work provides important insights into the mechanism and physiological function of chemotaxis toward formate and will facilitate further investigations into the involvement of microbial chemotaxis in pathogen-host interactions.

Transformer fault text classification model based on double feature channel

The power transformer plays a key role in the power distribution and transmission of the power system of the equipment, if the transformer fault leads to unexpected outage of the power system, then it will have a great threat to the whole power system, through the analysis of the transformer fault text can better guide the procurement of the transformer and fault maintenance. This paper proposes a classification method of transformer fault text based on two feature channels. This method extracts useful text emotion information from different aspects and levels by using two feature vectors, namely word vector and pinyin vector, and inputs it into Bilstm network to extract local and global semantic features. Then the features are fused through the attention mechanism. Finally, the features output by softmax function are classified and predicted. Experimental results show that the proposed method greatly improves the accuracy of transformer fault text classification.

Boron nitride quantum dots modified carbon-defects ultra-thin porous carbon nitride: double channels and quantum size effects facilitate photogenerated carrier migration and exciton dissociation

Graphite carbon nitride possesses great promise for visible photocatalysis, but the bulk carbon nitride prepared from nitrogen-rich precursors such as melamine has inherent drawbacks such as retarded photogenerated carrier migration and exciton effects, which limit its application. Herein, we constructed a novel Boron nitride quantum dots modified carbon-defects ultra-thin porous carbon nitride (BNQDs/Vc-UPCN). The double channels were constructed by carbon-defects structure and Boron nitride quantum effect to overcome its inherent drawbacks and applied to the photodegradation of common persistent organic pollutants (methylene blue). The structure, porosity, elemental composition, optical properties, photoelectrochemical properties, and photocatalytic properties of the prepared BNQDs/Vc-UPCN composites were investigated using various characterization methods. Meanwhile, the results of radical trapping experiments and electron spin resonance characterization demonstrated that BNQDs/Vc-UPCN promote molecular oxygen activation more than Vc-UPCN did. In terms of degradation effect, the best sample (BC-1) is 10 times more effective than the initial sample (BCN). This study proposes an effective mechanism for constructing novel visible-light-driven photocatalysts using carbon-defects ultra-thin structures and quantum dots, which can be used for the treatment of organic pollutants.