Dose Of NPK Fertilizer Research Articles

Effect of goat manure and NPK fertilizer against the growth and production of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum)

This study aims to determine the effect of goat manure and NPK fertilizer on the growth and production of tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum). The research was conducted in the village of Jiken, Tulangan District, Sidoarjo Regency, from June to August 2020. The experiment was arranged in a factorial using a randomized block design. The first factor is the manure dosage consisting of 0 and 10 tons / ha, while the second factor is the NPK fertilizer dosage consisting of 0, 50, 150, 250, and 350 kg / ha. The experiment was repeated 3 times in order to obtain 30 experimental units. The variables observed were plant height (cm), number of leaves (strands), leaf area (cm2), stem diameter (mm) and vitamin C content (%). Observation data will be analyzed with ANOVA 5% followed by the BNJ 5% test to determine the differences between treatments. The results showed that there was no significant interaction between the dosage treatment of goat manure and NPK fertilizer on all observation variables. Meanwhile, the manure dose treatment showed a significant effect on the variable weight of tomato fruit.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN LARUTAN HASIL FERMENTASI BERBASIS CAMPURAN BAHAN ORGANIK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN SELADA MERAH (Lactuca sativa L.) VARIETAS RED RAPID

<p>The purpose of this research is to get concentration of fermented solution based on a mixture of organic material which gave the highest effect on the growth of red lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Red Rapid varieties. The research method used is an experimental method with a single factor Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 8 treatments and 4 replications, the treatments: A<sub>0</sub> (concentration of fermented solution 0 ml/l), A<sub>1</sub> (concentration of fermented solution 100 ml/l), A<sub>2</sub> (concentration of fermented solution 200 ml/l), A<sub>3</sub> (concentration of fermented solution 300 ml/l), A<sub>4</sub> (concentration of fermented solution 400 ml/l), A<sub>5</sub> (concentration of fermented solution 500 ml/l), A<sub>6</sub> (concentration of POC NASA 6 ml/l), and A<sub>7 </sub>(dose of NPK fertilizer 250 kg/ha). The results showed that there was a significant effect of giving fermented solution based on a mixture of organic material on the average plant height of 7 dap, 14 dap, 21 dap, 28 dap, and 35 dap and the average number of leaves 35 dap. The treatment of A<sub>7</sub> (dose of NPK fertilizer 250 kg/ha) obtained the highest results to the average plant height of 7 dap, 14 dap, 21 dap, 28 dap, and 35 dap, meanwhile the treatment of A<sub>2</sub> (concentration of fermented solution 300 ml/l) obtained the highest results to the average number of leaves.</p>

The effect of vermicompost and NPK fertilizer on the growth of Spinach (Amaranthus tricolor)

Spinach is a plant usually cultivated for its leaves to be consumed as green vegetables. Spinach contains vitamins, protein, fat, carbohydrates, and minerals. Research on the effect of Vermicompost and NPK fertilizer on the growth of spinach has been carried out from July to September 2021 in Lombok, Indonesia. The objectives of the study are to determine: (1) the effect of Vermicompost on the growth of spinach, (2) the effect of NPK fertilizer on the growth of spinach, (3) the interaction effect of Vermicompost and NPK fertilizer on the growth of spinach. This research was conducted experimentally using a factorial, completely randomized design with two factors and three replications. The first factor was the dose of NPK fertilizer which consisted of 4 treatment levels, namely 0 g, 0.5 g, 1 g, and 1.5 g for each plant. The second factor is the dose of Vermicompost, which consists of 5 levels, namely 0 kg, 0.6 kg, 1.2 kg, 1.8 kg, and 2.4 kg for 1 m2 of agricultural land. The vermicompost treatment was carried out ten days before planting. The NPK fertilizer treatment was carried out ten and 20 days after planting. Spinach growth parameters were stem diameter, plant height, total leaf, leaf length, and leaf width. The results of the study were: (1) the treatment of NPK fertilizer had a significant effect on the number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, stem height, and stem diameter of spinach, (2) the application of Vermicompost had a significant effect on the number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, and stem height but did not significantly affect the diameter of the stems, (3) the optimum dose of NPK fertilizer was 1 gram per plant, (4) treatment 1.8 kg vermicompost resulted in better growth of spinach compared to other.

Maximizing the Yield of Black Cute Rice using Human Urine and NPK Fertilizer

Background: The nutrient is one of the most important elements for plants. Lack of nutrients cause thegrowth and yield will not be optimal. The use of organic liquid human urine and NPK fertilizer are a source of micro and macronutrients to increase the yield of black cute rice. Objective: This study aims to determine the best treatment combination of human urine and NPK fertilizer dose to maximize the yield of black cute rice. Methods: The research was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two factors and three replications. The first factor was dose of human urine fertilizer, which consisted of three levels, namely, 0, 500, and 1000 L ha-1. The second factor was the dose of NPK fertilizer, which consisted of three levels, namely, 0, 150, and 300 kg ha-1. Results: The results showed that a combination of organic liquid human urine and NPK fertilizer could increase the productive tillers number, canopy dry weight, and grain dry weight of black cute rice. The highest grain dry weight was found at the combination between ferlilizer dose of human urine of 1,000 L ha-1 and NPK of 300 kg ha-1 and yielded the maximum grain dry weight of 8.633 t ha-1 in Litosol soil. Conclusion: The research fundings that the combination between human urine of 1,000 L ha-1 and NPK of 300 kg ha-1 can maximize the yield of black cute rice. For future research, we recommend that the combination between human urine of 1,000 L ha-1 and NPK compound of 300 kg ha-1 can use in other rice varieties.

Effect of different doses of NPK fertilizer on the abundance of termite (Glyptotermes dilatatus) in tea garden of the north-eastern part of Bangladesh

Tea termite (Glyptotermes dilatatus) is a devastating pest of the tea garden. Fertilizer application is considered an important intercultural practice for proper growth and development of tea bushes. In this study, different doses of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) fertilizer were applied as 0 (Control), 10 (NPK10), 20 (NPK20) and 30 (NPK30) g per liter/plant in the Kewachara tea garden of Sylhet, Bangladesh. The abundance of termite and the infestation height were assessed at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 days after NPK application. A low number (0.07-0.13) of termite populations were observed with NPK10, NPK20, and NPK30 where there was no significant difference over control. The number was highest at 5 days after application of the dose NPK30. The infestation height was found highest (11 cm) with the doses of NPK20 and NPK30, which showed a significant difference over NPK10 and the control. The infestation height also altered with the days of sample collection. The mineral composition of termite-infested soil in stem and mound was examined, and it was discovered that the concentration of phosphorus (P) in mound soil is higher (45.6 g/g) than in stem soil (33.4 g/g). Moreover, sulphur, iron, and magnesium concentrations in mound soil were also recorded higher than in stem soil, which was 10.3 g/g and 13.4 g/g and 0.30 meq./100 g, respectively. In contrast, boron and calcium were found higher in stem soil compared with mound soil. However, the concentrations of nitrogen and potassium were similar in both soils; they were 0.04% and 0.13 meq./100g, respectively. Therefore, fertilizer application did not affect the overall termite population, however the infestation height and nutrient concentration of mound and stem soil were altered.

Respon Pertumbuhan Bibit Ylang-Ylang terhadap Persaingan dengan Rumput Signal dan Penambahan NPK

The application of silvopasture between the ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata forma enuine) plant and the signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens) has the potential to produce large economic value. The purpose of this study was to determine the response of ylang-ylang seedling growth to competition with grass signals without or with the addition of NPK, and to find out the optimal dose of NPK fertilizer that could help the growth of ylang-ylang seeds planted with grass signals. This study was conducted using a factorial pattern in a complete randomized design with the first factor being planting signal grass and the second factor was adding NPK fertilizer. The results of this study indicate that planting signal grass and adding NPK as much as 0,75 g significantly affected to the growth of ylang-ylang seedlings. The presence of signal grass in the same media showed no inhibition of the growth of ylang-ylang seedlings. The addition of NPK with the dose used did not significantly affect the growth of ylang-ylang seeds. 
 Keywords: Brachiaria decumbens, Cananga odorata, NPK fertilizer dosage, silvopasture

PENGARUH BERBAGAI KOMPOSISI MEDIA TANAM DAN PEMBERIAN PUPUK NPK MUTIARA (16:16:16) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum l.)

Shallots are one of the leading horticultural commodities that have been cultivated by farmers for a long time. Constraints in the cultivation of shallots in Indonesia are environmental conditions such as soil types. This study aims to determine the effect of the type of planting medium and the application of NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.). This research is conducted at Caping Merapi which is located at Jl. Raya Tajem KM 2.5, Wedomartani, Ngemplak, Sleman, D.I.Yogyakarta from November 2021 to January 2022. The research design used was a split-plot design using 2 factors: the dose of NPK fertilizer and the composition of the growing media. The main plot is NPK fertilizer and the sub-plot is the type of planting media. The data obtained are analyzed using variance (Anova). The results of the variance showed a significant effect, then continued with the Duncan test (DMRT) with a 5% level. The results show that there is no interaction between the treatment of the type of planting media and the dose of NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of shallots. The effect of giving the type of peat soil planting media was better on plant height and number of leaves. The application of 15 grams/plant was better for the number of leaves, number of tillers, fresh weight of leaves, fresh weight of tubers, and number of tubers.
 
 Keywords: Shallots, NPK, Regosol Soil, Peat

Effect of Methanotroph Bacteria Isolated from Paddy Rice Plant (Oryza sativa L.) on Growth and Yield Components of Rice

The present study was initiated to determine whether isolates from soil and roots of paddy plants can affect the paddy plant’s growth and productivity. The study was conducted to answer the question, “Can paddy rice be grown when the NPK doze is reduced?” This study aims to apply the methanotroph bacteria on the growth and production of lowland rice. The research field was carried out in the rice fields of Amparita Village, TelluLimpoe District, Sidenreng Rappang Regency, South Sulawesi. This research was conducted from June to September 2020. The plants were arranged in a split plot Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), the main plot, namely, the NPK fertilizer dosage treatment (P) with 4 treatments, namely, without NPK fertilizer, 75 g/plot, 150 g/plot, and 360 g/plot. The subplots were methanotroph bacteria application with 4 treatments, namely: without bacteria, 106 CFU per ml of methanotroph, 107 CFU per ml of methanotroph, and 108 CFU per ml of methanotroph. The results showed that there was an interaction between the NPK fertilizer and methanotrophic bacteria. The best results were obtained on the combination of 360 g per plot of NPK fertilizer and methanotrophic bacteria with 106 CFU per ml on the observation of plant height (111.17 cm), and the combination of NPK fertilizer 0 g per plot and methanotrophic bacteria with 0 CFU per ml on the observation of fresh weight of grain was the highest (70.44 g), whereas the combination of NPK fertilizer treatment 360 g/plot and bacteria methanotroph 0 CFU per ml on the observation of dry weight of grain was 43.89 g. NPK fertilizer 360 g/plot and bacteria methanotroph 106 CFU per ml at an observation weight of 100 grains was the highest number (3.53 g).

Influence of organic nutrient sources on growth and yield of green chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)

To validate the effect of organic manures on growth and yield of green chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) a field experiment was conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during December 2021- June 2022. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with thirteen treatments and replicated thrice. The treatments include basal application of organic inputs viz. FYM (25 t ha-1), Vermicompost (5 t ha-1), Ganajeevamrutha (200 kg ha‑1), Humic acid (25 kg ha-1), Ganajeevamrutha (200 kg ha‑1) + Jeevamrutha (500 l ha-1) along with standard check (recommended dose of NPK fertilizers with micronutrient spray). Foliar spray of Panchagavya (3%) and banana pseudostem sap (2%) at 45, 60 and 75 days after transplanting was done in all the treatments as separate sets. Growth and yield parameters were observed in randomly selected 5 plants from each treatment plot. Application of recommended dose of NPK fertilizers + Panchagavya @ 3% foliar spary (T11) recorded highest plant height (34.33 cm, 55.33 cm, 61.00 cm), number of branches plant-1 (6.53, 9.50, 11.00) on 30, 60, 90 DAT respectively. Number of flowers plant-1 (59.33, 80.00, 76.33) on 60, 75 and 90 DAT. Fruit length (8.41cm), fruit weight (3.82 g), number of fruit plant-1 (158.8) and yield plant‑1 (511.3 g) than all other approaches. Followed by organic treatment viz. application of FYM @ 25 t ha-1 + Panchagavya @ 3% FS (T1) recorded highest plant height (27.67 cm, 46.67 cm, 51.50 cm), number of branches plant-1 (5.53, 7.10, 8.97) on 30, 60, 90 DAT respectively. Number of flowers plant-1 (49.00, 71.27, 65.60) on 60, 75 and 90 DAT. Fruit length (7.66 cm), fruit weight (3.50 g), number of fruit plant-1 (133.0) and yield plant‑1(419.9 g plant-1) than control (T13). Hence these organic strategies can be adopted in organic chilli cultivation.

Effect of Soluble Silica on the Plant Growth, Leaves Chlorophyll Content and Bulb Quality of the Garlic (Allium sativum L.) against Drought Stress

Background: Garlic is an aromatic spice with nutritional and medicinal values. Climatic variations such as drought, adversely affect Garlic’s morpho-physiological, biochemical attributes and diminish its bulb quality. Soluble silica is a plant-available form of silicon (Si). Silica is beneficial for plant’s healthy growth especially against stress conditions. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of soluble silica on the garlic plant growth, leaves chlorophyll content and bulb quality against drought stress. Methods: Garlic was cultivated during the Rabi season (2019-2020) in the experimental field Lohar pipliya (Dewas), India. Randomized experimental blocks consisted of six treatments as follows: T1- Control (well-watered), T2- Drought stress (water supply reduced by about 50%), T3- Drought + a basal dose of NPK fertilizers (BDF) in soil, T4, T5, T6- Drought + BDF + foliar sprays of 7.5, 10 and 12.5 ml L-1 soluble silica respectively. Silica sprays were applied seven-time at a regular interval of 15-days. After 120-days of sowing, plant growth in terms of plants height and number of leaves plant-1 were measured. 120-days leaves chlorophyll, MDA and proline content were estimated. Garlic bulb’s quality in terms of fresh-dry weight and diameter were recorded at the final harvest. Result: Results revealed that drought significantly reduced Garlic’s plant height, bulb quality (weight and diameter), chlorophyll (Chl-a and Chl-b) and increased MDA, proline content in contrast to the well-watered garlic. Fertilizers (BDF) feebly improved garlic bulb quality. However, fertilizers (BDF) supplemented with soluble silica sprays (7.5 ml L-1 less than 12.5 ml L-1 less than 10 ml L-1) significantly increased plant height, bulb weight and diameter, leaves chlorophyll, proline and reduced MDA content over the drought-stressed Garlic. Fertilizers (BDF) supplemented with Soluble silica maintained plant water content, reduced oxidative stress and increased leaves chlorophyll content. These resulted in good quality garlic bulbs in terms of weight and diameter despite the drought stress.

Growth and yield respons of mungbean to different level of organic and inorganic fertilizer in North Sumatera

Integrated nutrient management is an alternative for the sustainable and cost-effective management of soil fertility by combined apply of organic with inorganic fertilizer resulting in rising soil fertility and productivity. This study aims (i) to determine the growth and yield respons of mungbean to different level of organic and inorganic fertilizer, and (ii) to measuring the effectiveness of organic fertilizer on mungbean production. The research was conducted at Pasar VI Kwala Mencirim Village, Sei Bingai District, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra in December 2020 to April 2021. This study used a Non-Factorial Randomize Complete Block design consisting of seven treatments and four replications, namely P0 (without fertilizer), P1 (100% dose of NPK fertilizer), P2 (75% dose of NPK fertilizer), P3 (50% dose of organic fertilizer + 75% NPK fertilizer) P4 (100% dose of organic fertilizer + 75% NPK fertilizer), P5 (150% dose of organic fertilizer + 75% NPK fertilizer), and P6 (1 dose of organic fertilizer + 100% NPK fertilizer). Plant height observations were carried out at 4, 6, and 8 weeks after planting and production observations were at harvest. Analysis of varian (ANOVA) was used to determined the effect of fertilizers treatment and followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% confidence interval for significant differences between treatment on plant growth and production. Organic fertilizer effectiveness was calculating using the Relative Agronomy Effectiveness (RAE). The results showed that organic fertilizer had a significant effect on mungbean growth and yield compared to controls. The highest mungbean production in P6 treatment of 1209 Kg/ha while the control treatment was 512 Kg/ha. Organic fertilizer was effective to increase mungbean production. The highest relative agronomic efficiency (RAE) was 438% in the treatment of organic fertilizer fertilizer at P6 of 100% dose of organic fertilizer +100% NPK fertilizer

Implementasi Pemupukan NPK pada Budidaya Labu Madu Hibrida

One type of pumpkin that is still rarely cultivated by the Indonesian people is the honey gourd, while the honey gourd is rich in benefits that are good for health and the honey gourd has high economic value because it is still rarely cultivated. In addition, the relatively higher price of honey compared to other yellows makes this pumpkin a sufficient source of income for farmers. One of the efforts to meet the demand for honey pumpkin yields is to use the right dose of NPK fertilizer on honey pumpkin plants. The study used a randomized block design (RAK) with 6 doses of fertilization treatment, repeated 4 times. So the total experiment is 24 plants. The treatments used were R0 without chemical fertilizer, R1 at 20% dose of chemical fertilizer, R2 40% dose of chemical fertilizer, R3 60% dose of chemical fertilizer, R4 80% dose of chemical fertilizer and R5 100% dose of chemical fertilizer. The results showed that the fertilizer dose of 20% (R1) gave the best effect on the finished fruit to harvest and fruit weight. The dose of fertilization has no effect on the growth and size of plant organs.

PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN JAGUNG LOKAL VARIETAS MOTOROKIKI PADA BEBERAPA KELAS LERENG DAN DOSIS PUPUK NPK DI PAYU, GORONTALO

Maize local of Motorokiki variety is a Gorontalo germplasm which is cultivated more dominantly on sloping land with low productivity. This study was aimed to determine the growth and yield of local maize on several slope classes and doses of NPK fertilizer, and their combination on the growth and yield of local maize in Payu, Gorontalo. This study used a split-plot design with the main plot of slope class and sub-plots of NPK fertilizer dosage. The main plot of the slope class consisted of flat slopes (0-8%), wavy (8-15%), hilly (15-35%) and mountainous (>35%), while sub-plots with NPK fertilizer dosage consisted of 0 kg ha-1, 50 kg ha-1, 100 kg ha-1, 150 kg ha-1 and 200 kg ha-1. The parameters measured included plant height, leave numbers, male and female flowering age, cob length, and weight of corn kernels. Data were analyzed by the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level. The results showed that maize growth was significantly affected by slope class and NPK fertilizer dosage with the best combination of wavy slope and 50 kg ha-1 fertilizer dosage. In maize yield, only maize seed weight was significantly affected by slope class, while in NPK fertilization only on male and female flowering age with the best combination of flat slope class and 100 kg ha-1 fertilizer dosage.

Pengaruh Dosis Pupuk NPK Terhadap Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Tanaman Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.) di Tanah Marginal

Cayenne pepper is known as one of main commodities which is often used as food seasoning in Indonesia. The growth of cayenne pepper plant is strongly influenced by fertilizer application. It is because the addition of fertilizer will increase the productivity of cayenne pepper. This research had aim to determine the effect of NPK fertilizer dosage on cayenne pepper vegetative growth at marginal field. This study used a non-factorial randomized block design (RAK) with 5 replications. The treatments were conducted i.e. P0 = Control, P1 = 2.5 grams of NPK, P2 = 5 grams of NPK, P3 = 7.5 grams of NPK, and P4 = 10 grams of NPK. Parameters were observed i.e. plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf width, leaf length and number of flowers. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, then it were continued with DMRT test. The results showed that the dose of NPK fertilizer had a significant effect in line with the increase in the dose of NPK on the vegetative growth of cayenne pepper plants. The Application of NPK fertilizer 10 grams on plant height was 29.37% higher than without treatment. The Application of NPK fertilizer 10 grams on plant stem diameters was 25.86% wider than it was without treatment. The Application of NPK fertilizer 10 grams on the number of leaves was 36.89% more than it was without treatment. The Application of NPK fertilizer 10 grams on leaf width was 16.25% wider than it was without treatment. The Application of NPK fertilizer 10 grams on leaf length was 23.97% longer than it was without treatment. The Application of NPK fertilizer 10 grams on the number of flowers was 90.93% more than it was without treatment. The P4 treatment, i.e. the application of NPK fertilizer 10 grams, was the best treatment for all vegetative growth parameters of cayenne pepper plants.

Efektivitas Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula pada Tanaman Singkong (Manihot esculenta) di Tanah Inceptisol Bogor

Cassava is widely grown in Inceptisol. As agricultural land, the soil has several problems, i.e., high soil acidity, easily leached soil surface layers, unstable soil aggregates, and slow permeability. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form a symbiotic relationship with over 80% of higher plant species. However, the effectiveness of AMF on cassava has not been widely reported. This study aimed to determine the effect of AMF inoculants on the vegetative growth of cassava in Inceptisol. The AMF inoculants used were Gigaspora sp., Glomus manihotis, and a consortium of Acaulospora tuberculata and Glomus rubiforme. The experiment was performed in a Randomized Block Design with 8 treatments and 3 replications, i.e., M1 = G. manihotis; M2 = Gigaspora sp.; M3 = consortium of A. tuberculata-G. rubiforme; M4 consortium of G. manihotis-Gigaspora sp.; M5 consortium of G. manihotis-A. tuberculata-G. rubiforme; M6 consortium of A. tuberculata-G. rubiforme-Gigaspora sp.; and M7 consortium of G. manihotis-A. tuberculata-G. rubiforme-Gigaspora sp.; and control (as recommended dose of NPK fertilizers). In the AMF application treatment, 75% of the recommended NPK fertilizer was applied, thus saving 25% from the control. A total of 50 AMF spores were applied to each cassava plant and maintained for 8 weeks. The data were analyzed using the RStudio 4.1.1 program. The results showed that all treatments with AMF gave various effectiveness and could compete with the indigenous AMF. AMF application significantly increased the vegetative growth of cassava grown in Inceptisols, i.e., shoot and root dry weight, root length, P-uptake, and percentage of root infection. Application of G. manihotis and the consortium of A. tuberculata-G. rubiforme-Gigaspora sp. effectively increased cassava plants' growth for 8 weeks in Inceptisol. The AMF application could save 25% on the use of NPK fertilizers.
 
 Keywords: Acaulospora, cassava, Gigaspora, Glomus, fertilizer, mycorrhizal

Pemanfaatan Pupuk Hayati-fosfat untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.) di Entisol

Entisols are low fertility soils that require high doses of inorganic fertilizers to support plant growth. On the other hand, it was reported that biofertilizers can be applied to support plant growth. The purpose of this study was to examine the ability of bio-phosphate fertilizers to affect plant growth. The greenhouse experiment was arranged according to a completely randomized design, consisting of five treatments of different fertilization and each treatment was repeated four times. Experimental treatments were P1) control; P2) biological-phosphate fertilizer treatment; P3) treatment of NPK fertilizers; P4) integrated fertilizer treatment of 2 combinations of fertilizers (biological-phosphate & NPK); P5) integrated treatment of 3 combinations of fertilizers (biological-phosphate, NPK & organic). The dose of NPK fertilizer is 75% of the recommended dose. The experimental soil has a sandy loam texture, pH-soil 6.01, content of C-organic1.20%, N-total 0.09%, P-available 5.68 ppm and Kdd 0.31cmol/kg. The results showed that the application of a single biological phosphate fertilizer had no significant effect on plant growth compared to the control. A significant effect was obtained on integrated fertilization, both with two combinations of fertilizers (P4) and with three combinations of fertilizers (P5). The highest plant growth rate, with reference to the total dry biomass of plant shoots and roots, was obtained in treatment P5 with plant growth rates reaching 232.14% higher than the single treatment of biological fertilizers (P2), 53.70% higher than the single treatment of NPK fertilizers (P3) and 16.35% higher than the integrated treatment of two combinations of fertilizers (P4).

Does Swallow Droppings and NPK Fertilizer Have a Good Impact on Onion Growth And Results on Peat?

Shallots are one of the horticultural commodities that are very often used to be a flavoring for dishes. Tanah peat as a medium for growing shallots has many obstacles including low nutrient availability, low pH, organic matter that has not been decomposed so that the nutrient content especially macro nutrient such as low N, P and K. Usaha to fix it is to give swallow manure and NPK compound fertilizer. The purpose ofthis research is toobtain the interaction of doses of swallow manure and NPK fertilizer for the best growth and yield of shallots on peatlands. This research was carried out on March 7, 2020 to May 9 2020 at Jalan Reformasi, Southeast Pontianak District, Kota Pontianak, West Kalimantan. The design used in this study is a Randomized Designof Factorial Group (RAKF) which consists of 2 factors , namely the first factor is the application of swallow feces consisting of 3 levels , and the second facto isthe application of NPK fertilizer, whose plotconsists of 3 levels with a total of 9 treatments including 20 tons / hectare of swallow manure and 400 kg / hectare of NPK fertilizer, 20 tons of swallow manure and 500 kg/hectare of NPK fertilizer, 20 tons/hectare of swallow manure and 600 kg/hectare of NPK fertilizer, 30 tons/hectare of swallowmanur and 400 kg/hectare of NPK fertilizer, 30 tons/hectare of manure swallows and 500 kg/hectare of NPK fertilizer, 30 tons of swallow manure and 600 kg/hectare of NPK fertilizer, 40 tons/hectare of swallow manure and 400 kg/hectare of NPK fertilizer, 40 tons/hectare of swallow manure and 500 kg/hectare NPK fertilizer, 40 tons/hectare of swallow manure and 600 kg/hectare of NPK fertilizer. The treatment was repeated 3 times, and each experimental unit consisted of 15 plant samples. The variables in this study were planting height, number of leaves per clump, number of saplings per clump, root volume, total dry weight per plant, fresh weight of tubers per clump, dry weight wind tubers per clump, yield per plot, The results of theian research showed that the application of 30 tons / hectare of swallow manure and 400 kg / hectare of NPK fertilizer on shallots was the best interaction dose to increase the yield of fresh weight of bulbs and wind dry weight of tubers.

Response of Growth, Biomass Production and Nutrient Uptake of Red Amaranth (Amaranthus Tricolor L.) To Various Organic Manures and Chemical Fertilizers

A pot experiment was conducted at the Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, from 10 January to 24 February 2021, to evaluate the growth parameters, biomass production, and nutrient uptake of red amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) as influenced by different types of organic manures manufactured by companies, viz. ACI, Agro, Kazi, Mazim, McDonald, Naafco, Paragon and Sharib, and by 50% of recommended dose of NPK fertilizers. The experiment consisted of ten treatments with three replications each and was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). On the day of harvest, Naafco displayed the greatest number of leaves (10.67±2.31), the longest leaf length (8.60 ± 2.07 cm), and the largest leaf area (275.10±118.8 cm2 plant-1), whereas the highest plant height (24.53±3.27cm) and stem girth (24.53±3.27cm) were observed in McDonald. Conversely, Kazi exhibited the poorest performance in all aforementioned parameters. Both the highest fresh and dry weights (10.75±6.09 g plant-1 and 1.31±0.87 g plant-1 respectively) were recorded in Naafco treated plants, and the lowest weights in Kazi (1.98 g plant-1 and 0.23 g plant-1 respectively). The highest total nutrient content (NPKS and Fe) (46.02 mg plant-1) in plants was found in Naafco, while the lowest was in Kazi (3.96 mg plant-1). Judging from the results, Kazi treated plants consistently showed the lowest growth, biomass, and nutrient accumulation. J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2021, 7(2): 73-82

Interactive effects of poultry litter compost and chemical fertilizers on macronutrients, oil and protein content in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

A field experiment was carried out at the research farm of Charfasson Govt. College, Bhola, during rabi season in 2016-2017 to evaluate the effect of poultry litter compost and NPK fertilizers on concentration, uptake, oil and protein content of sunflower cv. BARI-2 (Keroni-2). The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized block design (CRBD) having sixteen treatments with three replications. The unit plot size was 3 m x 2 m. Treatments were T1: Control (- PL and -NPK), T2:1.5 t PL ha-1, T3:3 t PL ha-1, T4: 4.5 t PL ha-1, T5:N40P30K50 kg ha-1, T6:N80P60K100 kg ha-1, T7:N120P90K150 kg ha-1, T8: 1.5 t PL ha-1+N40P30K50 kg ha-1, T9:1.5 t PL ha-1+ N80P60K100 kg ha- 1, T10:1.5 t PL ha-1+ N120P90K150 kg ha-1, T11: 3 t PL ha-1+N40P30K50 kg ha-1, T12: 3 ton PL ha-1+ N80P60K100 kg ha-1, T13:3 t PL ha-1+ N120P90K150 kg ha-1, T14: 4.5 t PL ha-1+N40P30K50 kg ha-1, T15:4.5 t PL ha-1+ N80P60K100 kg ha-1 and T16:4.5 t PL ha-1+ N120P90K150 kg ha-1. Sixty plants were grown in each plot for 90 days. Maximum values of NPKS concentration (%) in different organs of sunflower were 0.65, 0.42, 1.80, 0.17 for stem; 1.02, 0.54, 1.54, 0.18 for root; 4.47, 0.57, 3.14, 0.20 for leaf; 2.60, 0.64, 3.20, 0.32 for petiole and 5.18, 0.86, 1.02, 0.31 for seed due to application of poultry litter and NPK fertilizers. The highest concentrations of NPKS of different organs of sunflower at maturity, were found significantly (P<0.05) higher in combined treatments 5 t PL ha-1 + N120P90K150kg ha-1 and 7.5 t PL ha-1 + N120P90K150kg ha-1, respectively, in most of the cases. However, their uptake pattern also followed the same trend as in concentration and those were found in same treatments in most of the cases. The lowest concentration and uptake were measured almost in control treatment (-PL and -NPK). Content of oil and protein increased variably due to variation in treatments. The highest content of oil in seed (47.7%) was extracted from the treatment 5 t PL ha-1 + N80P60K100kg ha-1 and the lowest value (37.7%) was recorded in the highest dose of NPK fertilizers and poultry litter which was lower than control treatment. Protein content also followed the same pattern as in oil. The highest content of protein (31.8%) was recorded from the treatment 5 t PL ha-1 + N120P90K150kg ha-1 and the lowest values (18.8%) was observed in control treatment. The overall findings of this study indicated that poultry litter compost in combination with chemical fertilizers can be applied to achieve better concentration, uptake of NPKS in different organs and oil and protein content in seeds of sunflower under field conditions at coastal zone. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 30(3 CSI): 359-369, 2022 (June)

Co-Inoculations with Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria in the Common Bean to Increase Efficiency of NPK Fertilization

Given the hypothesis that co-inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) enhances the beneficial effects of Rhizobium tropici with greater mineral nutrition, optimizes biological nitrogen fixation and reduces use of fertilizers in bean plants, the objective of this research was to evaluate the synergistic effects of Rhizobium tropici associated with Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens and their combinations, on increasing the efficiency of NPK fertilization to obtain high winter yields of the (irrigated) common bean in the Cerrado region. The experiment was carried out in the field over two years in a Rhodic Hapludox under a no-till system in Selvíria, Brazil. The experimental design comprised complete randomized blocks with four replications in a 3 × 7 factorial scheme. The treatments consisted of three doses of NPK fertilizer (control—0 kg ha−1 (control); 50% of the recommended dose; 100% of the recommended dose in two parts) and seven doses of inoculation or co-inoculation (control; Rhizobium tropici; R. tropici + Azospirillum brasilense; R. tropici + Bacillus subtilis; R. tropici + Pseudomonas fluorescens; R. tropici + A. brasilense + B. subtilis; R. tropici + A. brasilense + P. fluorescens). The PGPB in the co-inoculations increased the hundred-grain weight, the grain pod−1, the grain plant−1 and the grain yield following the NPK doses. The grain yield of the common bean was increased by co-inoculation with R. tropici + A. brasilense + P. fluorescens without NPK treatments, co-inoculation with R. tropici + P. fluorescens and R. tropici + A. brasilense + B. subtilis with the 50% dose of NPK and co-inoculation with R. tropici + B. subtilis with the recommended dose of NPK fertilizer (100%).