Doses Of Ampicillin Research Articles

Single Oral Dose Ampicillin-Probenecid Treatment of Gonorrhea in the Male

Single oral antibiotic treatments of gonorrhea have not been universally successful. However, in this study of men who acquired gonococcal urethritis in the Philippines, a single oral dose of 3.5 gm of ampicillin with probenecid resulted in only eight failures of 202 patients (4.0%). The same dose of ampicillin without probenecid resulted in 12 failures of 41 patients (29.3%). Furthermore, single oral doses as high as 7.5 gm of phenoxymethyl penicillin were associated with higher failure rates, even with probenecid. In addition, the incidence of post gonococcal urethritis remained high regardless of the dose and duration of treatment. Therefore, a single oral dose of ampicillin with probenecid appears as a reasonable alternative to the standard treatment of acute gonococcal urethritis in men. Phenoxymethyl penicillin, on the other hand, should not be used in the treatment of gonorrhea.

The antibiotics and the peripheral nerves.

Thirty patients were divided into 3 groups. The patients of the first, second and third group received therapeutic doses of ampicillin, erythromycin and tetracycline HCl respectively. Motor nerve conduction was found to be impaired significantly on the third day of the antibiotic administration; the impairment regressed after the discontinuation of the antibiotics. The possible mechanisms involved are discussed.

The Electromyographic Changes Induced by Antibiotics

Thirthy patients who were not suffering from any neuromuscular disease received therapeutic doses of ampicillin, erythromycin and tetracycline hydrochloride; electromyographic recordings were performed before, during and after the administration of these antibiotics. An electromyographic myasthenic-like picture was obtained during ampicillin and erythromycin administration; this picture normalized after the discontinuation of the antibiotics. A marked facilitation in the size of the muscle action potential during supramaximal repetitive nerve stimulation was observed in control patients from the first 2 groups. This finding points to a presynaptic effect of erythromycin and ampicillin. Tetracycline hydrochloride did not alter the electromyographic recording.

ANAPHYLACTOID REACTIONS WITH ORAL USE OF AMPICILLIN

Anaphylaxis is uncommon following the oral administration of penicillin, 1 and to our knowledge, only one such reaction following therapy with ampicillin sodium given orally has been reported. 2 Recently on our medical service, two patients with bronchogenic carcinoma experienced typical anaphylactoid shock following a single oral dose of ampicillin. A survey of all patients with bronchogenic carcinoma admitted between July 1967, and July 1968 revealed no increase in drug hypersensitivity reactions in patients receiving penicillin therapy procaine penicillin G, given parenterally, and phenoxymethyl penicillin, given orally, however, three of 31 patients receiving ampicillin manifested drug allergy. Patient Summaries Patient 1. —A 52-year-old white man was referred for evaluation of diabetes insipidus. He related a history of polydipsia, polyuria, dyspnea on exertion, and weight loss of three months' duration. Previous penicillin therapy had been uneventful. Physical examination was normal, except for coarse, sticky rales at both lung bases and clubbing

Anaphylactoid Reactions With Oral Use of Ampicillin

Anaphylaxis is uncommon following the oral administration of penicillin, 1 and to our knowledge, only one such reaction following therapy with ampicillin sodium given orally has been reported. 2 Recently on our medical service, two patients with bronchogenic carcinoma experienced typical anaphylactoid shock following a single oral dose of ampicillin. A survey of all patients with bronchogenic carcinoma admitted between July 1967, and July 1968 revealed no increase in drug hypersensitivity reactions in patients receiving penicillin therapy procaine penicillin G, given parenterally, and phenoxymethyl penicillin, given orally, however, three of 31 patients receiving ampicillin manifested drug allergy. Patient Summaries Patient 1. —A 52-year-old white man was referred for evaluation of diabetes insipidus. He related a history of polydipsia, polyuria, dyspnea on exertion, and weight loss of three months' duration. Previous penicillin therapy had been uneventful. Physical examination was normal, except for coarse, sticky rales at both lung bases and clubbing

Treatment of gonorrhoea by one oral dose of ampicillin and probenecid combined.

Ithasbeenshown(Odegaard, 1962) bysensitivity testing invitro thattheeffect ofampicillin onmost gonococcal strains issomewhat weaker thanthatof penicillin G,buttheeffect onstrains lesssensitive isbetter withampicillin thanwithpenicillin G. ReynandBentzon (1968), insupport ofthis, found thatthe50percent. inhibitory concentrations for thenaturally-occurring moresensitive strains were abouttwice ashighwithampicillin aswithsodium penicillin G, whereas an opposite tendency was observed intheless sensitive strains. Asthegreat majority ofrelapses after treatment withpenicillin occurinpatients infected with gonococci withreduced sensitivity topenicillin, itis therefore possible thatampicillin couldbe an effective remedyinthetreatment ofgonorrhoea. Thishasproved tobethecase.Willcox (1963) founda failure rateof119 percent.inmale patients withuncomplicated gonorrhoea treated withasingle oraldoseof05g.ampicillin, which provedcomparable totheresults achieved with single injections ofaqueousprocaine penicillin. Willcox(1964) alsofoundthattheresults of ampicillin given orally weresomewhat better than thoseobtained withampicillin byinjection. Alergant(1963), administering ampicillin asa single 1g.oraldoseinthetreatment ofuncomplicated gonorrhoea inmales, hadacurerateof95percent., whichwashigher thanthatobtained withany previous oralpreparation ofpenicillin, andhe considered ampicillin tobea suitable alternative topenicillin byinjection inthetreatment ofgonorrhoea.Marmell, Sills, Brown,andPrigot (1964) obtained excellent results withampicillin given in divided dosesof1g.WhenGjessing andOdegaard (1965) treated 500maleswithoneoraldoseof1g. ampicillin combined withonesimultaneous injectionof600,000 units procaine penicillin therelapse frequency was3 percent., whereas 500patients

Combined effects of ampicillin and methiciillin on cell wall morphology of a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus.

Some semi-synthetic penicillins and cephalosporins are resistant to hydrolysis by beta-latamases. Hence, penicillin-resistant staphylococci exhibiting beta-lactamase activity become susceptible to these beta-lactam antibiotics. Methicillin (2, 6-dimethoxyphenyl penicillin) in combination with ampicillin (D(-)-alpha-aminobenzyl penicillin) showed either a synergistic (14 strains) or an additive (3 strains) effect (never antagonistic), against 17 methicillin-resistant staphylococcal strains. One of these strains did not produce beta-lactamase. This strain No. 667 grew well in broth containing either 50 mcg/ml of methicillin or half the minimum inhibitory concentration of ampicillin which indicated that inhibition of cell wall synthesis was not apparent. However, ampicillin in combination with methicillin, using half of the above concentrations, exhibited synergism* against the strain 667. In the presence of sub-lethal doses of either ampicillin or methicillin, Escherichia coli became thread-like, while spheroplasts of E. coli were formed under similar conditions when these 2 beta-lactam antibiotics were combined. Since methicillin has no inhibitory action on strain 667, it can be concluded that the inhibition of growth by the combined penicillin might be due to a change in mechanism or site of action (or change of pathways). This is more suggestive as (a) the staphylococcal strain 667 did not produce any beta-lactamase and (b) spheroplasts of E. coli were formed only when the 2 penicillins were combined.

Gonorrheal Urethritis in Males Treated with One Oral Dose of Ampicillin

Gonorrheal Urethritis in Males Treated with One Oral Dose of Ampicillin

INTRAOCULAR PENETRATION OF AMPICILLIN. II. CLINICAL EXPERIMENT.

<h3>Introduction</h3> Ampicillin is a new broad-spectrum penicillin that should be a useful and safe antimicrobial agent for the treatment of ocular infections. This agent is an acid stable semisynthesized substance and as such is absorbed well after oral administration. It is currently available from Bristol Laboratories for oral use as Polycillin, 250 mg capsules. This study was undertaken to determine the ocular penetration of ampicillin in human subjects after oral administration. Ampicillin levels in aqueous and blood plasma were determined after administration of a single dose of 250 mg, 1,000 mg, or 2,000 mg orally. In addition, the ocular and plasma levels were determined in several patients who received multiple doses of ampicillin. Studies at the relatively low dosage of 250 mg were prompted by the previous observations of its excellent ocular penetration in rabbits¹and the suggestions by Bunn et al²that a dose of 250 mg