Doses Of Manure Research Articles

Effect of Organic, Inorganic and Biofertilizers on Soil Characteristics and Potato Tuber Yield (Solanum tuberosum L.)

This study evaluates the impact of organic, inorganic, and biofertilizers on soil characteristics and potato tuber yield in the variety Kufri Ashoka. The experiment was conducted at the Vegetable Research Farm of Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, using treatments involving different combinations of fertilizers, including recommended doses of inorganic nutrients (RDF), farmyard manure (FYM), vermicompost, Azotobacter, and Phosphobacteria. Key findings demonstrated that RDF treatment (150:100:120 kg N:P2O5 ha⁻¹) produced the highest tuber yield (249.2 q ha⁻¹), significantly outperforming all other treatments. However, the organic treatment T4, which included compost, crop residue, biofertilizers, and FYM, also yielded a substantial 237.1 q ha⁻¹, with improvements in soil health attributes like increased organic carbon (3.6 g kg⁻¹) and reduced pH (7.92) and electrical conductivity (0.22 dSm⁻¹). Results indicated that the integration of organic and biofertilizers led to moderate yield gains compared to RDF but significantly enhanced soil properties, contributing to long-term soil health. Organic treatments promoted improved microbial activity and soil structure, essential for sustainable agriculture. This study highlights the effectiveness of integrated nutrient management, where combining organic and biofertilizers with inorganic nutrients can enhance crop yields while maintaining soil fertility and reducing the negative environmental impact associated with exclusive inorganic fertilizer use.

Developing Guidelines for Azolla microphylla Production as Compost for Sustainable Agriculture

Azolla is a substitute compost that has the potential to enhance nutrient cycling in agricultural systems for sustainable development. In this study, four experiments were conducted to compare the Department of Agriculture (DOA, Thailand) ‘s methodology for determining the suitable type and rate of animal manure and the optimal light intensity for the growth and yield of Azolla (Azolla microphylla). The results revealed that applying 100% pig manure gave the highest yield of Azolla compared to the other manures. However, there was no discernible (p > 0.05) difference in yield across the various doses (20.16, 30.16, and 40.16 gN m−2) of pig manure treatments, for which the minimal pig manure dosage of 20.16 gN m−2 was chosen. For further experimentation in the optimal light intensity, the 40% shading gave the highest yield of Azolla compared to no shading or 20 and 60% shading (p ≤ 0.01). When compared with the DOA Thailand methodology (1.27 kg m−2 of cow manure and covered with a size 32 mesh net), the findings indicated that the modified method (20.16 gN m−2 of pig manure + 40% shading) gave a 16% greater Azolla yield than that under the DOA Thailand methodology. The current finding method can produce a monthly fresh biomass of A. microphylla of 40.7 t ha−1 year−1 with higher contents of total N (4.92%) and lower C:N ratio (≤10:1) that could release minerals relatively rapidly. Its use can be encouraged by farmers to produce their own ecofriendly biofertilizer or soil amendment for sustainable agriculture.

Pengaruh Dosis Pupuk Kandang Kambing terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil pada Dua Varietas Kacang Panjang (Vigna unguiculata L.)

Poor choice of varieties and the decrease in soil fertility are among the few variables that can affect long peanut productivity. The aim of this research is to study how the dose of goat fertilizer and long bean varieties affects the growth and yield of long beans. The research was a factorial experiment with two factors and three replications using the Randomized Blok Design (RBD) method. The first factor, the dose of goat manure 0 ton ha-1(k0), 10 ton ha-1(k1), 20 ton ha-1(k2), 30 ton ha-1(k3), and 40 ton ha-1(k4). The second factor was long bean varieties Kanton Tavi (v1) and Katrina (v2). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at the 5% level. The results of the experiment showed an interaction in the parameters of plant height 7 DAP and 14 DAP, number of leaves 14 DAP, 21 DAP, 28 DAP, number of pods per plant, and pod weight per plot. A dose of 30-ton ha-1 (k3) goat pen fertilizer produced a healthy amount of beans on the cantonese Kanton Tavi variety (v1) with X optimum (v1) = 29,08 ton ha-1 and Y maximum (v1) = 21,86 ton ha-1 and on Katrina variety (v2) X optimum (v2) = 25,15 ton ha-1 and maximum y (v2) = 20,56 ton ha-1.

Azolla Liquid Fertilizer (Azolla pinnata) And Chicken Manure Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Shallots

This study aims to see the effect of giving Azolla liquid organic fertilizer and chicken manure on the growth and yield of shallots. The research method used a factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) consisting of 2 factors with 16 combinations and 3 blocks. The first factor is the provision of azolla liquid organic fertilizer consisting of 4 levels, namely 0 ml / l water / m2, 200 ml / l water / m2, 400 ml / l water / m2, 600 ml / l water / m2. The second factor is the provision of chicken manure consisting of 4 levels, namely 0 kg / m2, 0.5 kg / m2, 1.0 kg / m2 and 1.5 kg / m2. The provision of azolla liquid organic fertilizer has a significant effect on the parameters of the number of tillers, the number / plant, the wet weight of bulbs / plant, the dry weight of bulbs / plant. The provision of azolla liquid organic fertilizer 600 ml / liter of water / m2 gave the best effect on all observation parameters. The provision of chicken manure gave a significant effect on the parameters of plant height, number of leaves, number of shoots, number of bulbs/ plant, wet weight of bulbs/plant, dry weight of bulbs/plant. The dose of chicken manure of 1.5 kg/m2 showed the best effect for all observation parameters. The interaction between the provision of liquid organic fertilizer azolla and chicken manure did not differ significantly in all treatments. Keywords: Azolla, Chicken Manure, Red Onion

The effect of cow manure amendment and the ratio of gold mine tailings on sweet potato gold phytomining

Artisanal and small-scale gold mining has commonly used the mercury amalgamation method for gold ore extraction. The processing waste or tailings often contain gold and other metals. This study examined the effects of cow manure amendment and the ratio of gold mine tailings on sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) gold phytomining. The pot experiment was conducted in the Faculty of Agriculture greenhouse at Padjadjaran University in Indonesia. The sweet potato MZ119 clone (an orange-fleshed sweet potato) was planted on a polybag (40 x 40 cm) consisting of 10 kg of planting media, which was a mixture of gold mine tailing and soil. The design used was a completely randomized design factorial with three replications. The first factor was ratios of gold mine tailing consisting of three levels, namely 30%, 50%, 70%, and 100% (w/w). The second factor was doses of organic manure, namely without cow manure, 250 g pot-1, 500 g pot-1, and 750 g pot-1. The results demonstrated that the application of cow dung and the gold mine tailings ratio (w/w) had a significant (p = 0.05) effect on plants' dry weight biomass, gold accumulation, and gold phytomining by sweet potato. The highest gold mass yield of 0.066 mg gold plant-1 was achieved by a 50% (w/w) gold mine tailing ratio and 750 g pot-1 cow manure treatment.

The application of organic mulch and chicken manure for improving soil water availability and yield of turmeric (Curcuma domestica Val) in an Inceptisol of Jambi, Indonesia

Turmeric (Curcuma domestica Val) is one of the agricultural commodities being developed by the Jambi Province of Indonesia. However, despite the high value of turmeric, its productivity in Jambi Province is low. This is because the crop is mostly cultivated in marginal lands dominated by Inceptisol, which has low fertility and low water availability. Organic mulch and chicken manure have the potential to be used to improve soil water availability and crop yield. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of organic mulch cover and chicken manure on soil water availability and turmeric yield. The treatments tested were combinations of various percentages of organic mulch cover (30%, 60%, and 90%, and chicken manure dosage (0, 5, 10, and 15 t ha-1). The twelve treatment combinations were arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The results showed that the combination of the percentage of organic mulch cover and chicken manure dosage affected soil organic matter content, soil bulk density, soil pore size distribution, soil water availability, and turmeric yield. The application of 30% cover of organic mulch and 10 t ha-1 of chicken manure was found to be the best combination to improve soil available water and turmeric yield. The regression analysis results showed that soil bulk density, organic carbon, fast-drainage pores, and slow-drainage pores simultaneously affected the soil water content, with an R2 value of 0.85. The results of this study proved that soil available water is also closely correlated with turmeric yield.

Effect of Fertilization on the Severity of Attack by the Defoliator Caterpillar (Noorda blitealis Walker, 1859) and on the Yield of Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam, Lam. moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam, 1785)

Purpose: Moringa, which is increasingly grown pure in semi-intensive and intensive systems, requires adequate fertilization to produce well. In some cases, this operation can inhibit the development of its bioaggressors. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different types of fertilization on the defoliator caterpillar (Noorda blitealis) and moringa production. Methodology: The trial was conducted on the Kalapaté experimental station belonging to the Institut ational de la recherche agronomique du Niger over two seasons. The experimental design was a split-plot with 4 replications in which the main plots were represented by fertilizer types (NPK, cattle, poultry and compost). The elementary plots were made up of fertilizer doses (0, 0, 5, 1 and 1.5 kg/ha for organic fertilizers, and 0, 3, 6 and 9 g/package for NPK). The severity of the caterpillar attack and moringa yield were recorded. Findings: The results showed that NPK acted faster than other fertilizers in reducing the severity of attack by N. blitealis. The reduction rate was 28.40% in the first season compared with cattle manure, which is the most attacked. In the second season, compost had a similar effect to NPK. Both reduced this parameter by over 45% each compare to cattle and poultry manure. Their action consequently increased moringa yield compared with cattle manure and poultry droppings. Also, a negative linear relationship was noted between manure dose and severity of attack, while the dose-yield relationship was of the second-degree polynomial type. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Compost can therefore be used to minimize attacks by Noorda blitealis and can enable sustainable production without any risk of toxicity from synthetic pesticides. In view of these results, moringa growers must compost cattle and poultry manure, and all other organic sources of fertilization, before any application.

APPLICATION OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC NUTRIENT SOURCES FOR IMPROVING GROWTH AND YIELD ATTRIBUTES OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) UNDER CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF PAKISTAN

The research was conducted under rain fed conditions of Rawalakot to check the effect of different organic and chemical fertilizers on yield and yield components in maize. Eight different treatments were evaluated by using regular arrangement of randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Sheep manure (SM), farm yard manure (FYM), and poultry manure (PM) were used as organic sources of nutrients while NPK was used inorganic sources. The test variety of maize was Pioneer-30Y87. The data was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) to analyze the difference amongst different means using least significance difference (LSD). Results revealed significant effect of different nutrient treatments on the yield and morphological growth of maize. Maximum number of plants (11.00), plant height (212.80 cm), number of grain rows per cob (15.60), 1000 grains weight (188.90 g), grain yield (6836.7g) were recorded for Treatment T7 (Half recommended NPK fertilizer + farm yard manure. tons ha-1). This study showed that mixed use of inorganic and organic sources of nutrients could be a better soil nutrient amendment when applied at a ratio of 50% dose of farm yard manure (FYM) + 50% dose of NPK in the cultivation of maize under rain fed conditions of Rawalakot.

Effect of different organic manures on the growth and yield of Zucchini in Khotang, Nepal

This experiment was conducted from February 2022 to May 2022 in ward no 1 of Diktel Rupakot Majuwagadi Municipality, Khotang district of Nepal to evaluate the efficacy of different organic manures in the growth and yield of zucchini in Khotang. We aimed to identify the most effective organic manure (goat manure, poultry manure, farm yard manure (FYM), vermicompost experiment, and control), and the research was carried out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five treatments and four replications. The Cheongma variety of zucchini was used as a test crop. The recommended dose of manure (goat manure at 20 t/ha, poultry manure at 15 t/ha, FYM at 20 t/ha, vermicompost at 6 t/ha, and control) was applied to each treatment. There is no significant difference observed between treatments and vegetative parameters but a significant difference was found in yield. Furthermore, results showed that the highest yield was obtained from the field treated with poultry manure (1.84 kg), followed by FYM (1.40 kg) and 1.38 kg on vermicompost, respectively. The minimum yield was recorded at 1.09 kg from control, followed by goat manure (1.29 kg). The study by (Farhan, 2021; Eifediyi, 2010) found that the application of poultry manure and FYM significantly increased fruit yield and our research study also demonstrated the same findings.

Effects of Phosphorus Fertilizer, Poultry Manure Applications with Bacillus megaterium M-3 Inoculation on Yield and Yield Components of Common Vetch (Vicia sativa)

Phosphorus is considered one of the essential elements for legumes as it increases nitrogen fixation due to nodulation. Hence, for high productivity in legumes, it should be added as inorganic or organic fertilizer to soils containing insufficient phosphorus. Especially in recent years, using inorganic and organic fertilizers together has gained importance in terms of sustainable agriculture, considering plant growth and soil and environmental health together. The effects of three different doses of phosphorus fertilizer (0, 50, 100 kg P2O5 ha-1), and two different doses of poultry manure (0, 3 t ha-1) applications with two different doses (B0 or B1) of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (Bacillus megaterium M-3) inoculation on hay yield and yield components of common vetch were examined in this study. In fact, while the highest hay yield and crude protein rate were obtained by bacterial inoculation together with phosphorus fertilizer application, the effect of poultry manure application on yield and yield parameters was variable. Instead, the applications had no significant effect on the number of main branches, ADF and NDF rates. Consequently, the application of 100 kg P2O5 ha-1 together with Bacillus megaterium inoculation can be recommended for high hay yield in common vetch under irrigated conditions in areas with poor or medium soils in terms of phosphorus.

Growth of cocoa seedlings (Theobroma cacao L.) in application of cow manure compost and density of Bacillus subtilis bacteria

Cocoa rejuvenation is important to maintain high productivity. The rejuvenation mainly uses seedlings; thus providing high-quality seedlings is important. This research aimed to determine the effect of various doses of cow manure compost and the density of Bacillus subtilis bacteria on the growth of cocoa seedlings. The research was implemented at the Teaching Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar City, from 2021 to 2022. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot design with three replications. The main plot was the dose of cow manure (without compost, 1.25 kg per polybag, and 2.5 kg per polybag). The subplot was the density of Bacillus subtilis (without bacteria, 104 CFU.mL-1, 108 CFU.mL-1, and 1012 CFU.mL-1). The results showed an interaction between the dose of cow manure 2.5 kg per polybag and the bacterial density 1012 CFU.mL-1 on chlorophyll a (347.91 mol.m-2), chlorophyll b (158.33 mol.m-2), total chlorophyll (444.57 mol.m-2), and leaf area of cocoa seedlings (813.96 cm2). A compost dose of 2.5 kg per polybag showed the best results for plant height (8.98 cm). Keywords: bacteria density; bivariate correlation; chlorophyll content; manure dose; organic fertilizer

The Comparative Effects of Phosphorus-Enriched Organomineral Fertilization on Some Chemical Properties of Calcareous Soils

ABSTRACT Phosphorus is a very important plant nutrient for the development of plants and its production is not unlimited in the world. In addition, excessive use can lead to soil and water pollution. In this respect, phosphorus should be used effectively in plant production, especially in calcareous soils. The aim of this study was to comparatively determine the effects of phosphorus-enriched organomineral fertilization (p-OMF), chemical phosphorus fertilization (CF), and organic fertilization (OF) on some chemical properties of a calcareous soil. The experiment was established in Söke county of Aydın province in the Southwest of Türkiye. In this study, four doses of dairy manure (DM1: 10, DM2: 20, DM3:30, and DM4: 40 t ha−1) in OF, four phosphorus doses (P1: 10, P2: 20, P3:30, and P4: 40 kg P ha−1) in the CF system, and sixteen different doses of OMF formed by the combinations of these two fertilizers were applied excluding control. According to the main research findings, p-OMFs increased the soil organic matter (SOM), salinity, total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) by 60.1%, 20.9%, 22.1%, 140%, and 17.2%, respectively. They also decreased soil pH by 4%. As a result, it was determined that the most effective organomineral fertilizer combination that maintains soil properties at appropriate levels in calcareous soils is DM3+P2 (30 t ha−1 dairy manure +20 kg P ha−1).

The Effect of Biofertilizer Type and Chicken Manure Dosage on the Growth and Yield of Kale (Brassica oleraceae L.)

Aims: To study the effect of the type of biofertilizer and the dose of chicken manure on the growth and yield of kailan (Brassica oleraceae L.). Study Design: Experimental design, using factorial randomized block design consisting of two factors with three replications. Place and Duration of Study: Experimental Station of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas HKBP Nommensen in Medan, from June to October 2023. Methodology: The research used a factorial randomized block design consisting of two factors, namely the type of biofertilizer (P) and the dose of chicken manure (A), with three replications. The type of biofertilizer consisted of four levels, namely: P0 = No application of biofertilizer (control), P1 = IMO of pineapple peel (100 ml/l water), P2 = Eco-enzyme (1 ml/liter water), and P3 = Bio-Extreme biofertilizer (5 ml/m2). The dose of chicken manure (A) consisted of three levels, namely: A0 = 0 tons/ha (control), A1 = 15 tons/ha, and A2 = 30 tons/ha. Biofertilizer according to the treatment level was applied four times at 1 week before transplanting and 1, 2 and 3 weeks after transplanting, while the chicken manure was applied at 1 week before transplanting. The parameters observed were: plant height, number of leaves, root volume, root length, wet weight per plot, selling weight per plot, and yield per hectare. Results: Both the type of biofertilizer and the dose of chicken manure treatments had no significant effect on all parameters, whereas the interaction between the type of biofertilizer and the dose of chicken manure had a significant effect on root length, but had no significant effect on other parameters. The relation between root length and the dose of chicken manure using IMO of pineapple peel was positive linear, with mathematical equation yP1 = 0.1733 x + 6.3833, with coefficient of determination R2 = 0.0788 and coefficient of correlation r = 0.2807, while the one using EE was positive quadratic, with mathematical equation yP2 = -0.3867 x2 + 0.5733 x + 7.25, with coefficient of determination R2 = 1 and coefficient of correlation r = 1. Conclusion: The interaction between the type of biofertilizer and the dose of chicken manure had a significant effect on the root length of kale but had no significant effect on plant height and number of leaves at 4 WAT, root volume, wet weight per plot, selling weight per plot and yield per hectare. The best combination was obtained in P2A1 (eco enzyme as biofertilizer and chicken manure dose of 15 tons/ha) but it was not significantly different from the combinations of P1A0, P1A1, P2A2, P3A0, P3A1 and P3A2. With eco enzyme treatment, the relationship between the dose of chicken manure and root length was positive quadratic with the optimum dose of chicken manure for a maximum root length of 7.5 cm being 7.4 tons/ha. The dose of chicken manure had a significant effect on root length, but had no significant effect on other parameters, while the type of biofertilizer had no significant effect on all parameters.

Effect of Manure Dosage on the Growth and Yield of Bambara Beans through a Multilocation Test

The purpose of this study is to determine the suitability and productivity level of Bambara beans in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, especially to determine and examine the effect of the use of organic fertilizer from livestock manure on the growth and yield of Bambara beans. The implementation of the study involved a multi-location test of Bambara bean cultivation in three subdistricts, namely Tempel, Sedayu, and Cangkringan. In these three areas, manure was applied with 3 dose variations, namely 10 tons/Ha, 20 tons/ha and 30 tons/ha. The study was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) where each treatment was carried out with 3 replication plots. The test results showed that the dose of manure was not significantly different from the production of Bambara beans. Therefore, a dose of manure of 10 tons/ha can be recommended to achieve higher economic benefits in Bambara bean cultivation. In addition, based on the evaluation of the growth phase and plant yield, the location of Bambara bean planting in Tempel gave higher yields compared to Sedayu and Cangkringan. Bambara bean cultivation in Tempel can produce 686.45 g/plot. Keywords: Bambara beans, Growth, Multilocation test, Organic fertilizer, Yield.

Respons pertumbuhan tanaman secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) terhadap dosis pupuk kandang sapi

Sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) is a plant that contains the compound brazilin, which is found in the pith of its stem. The pith of the sappan wood stem can be used as a raw material for traditional medicine or as a dye with red pigment. Currently, there are no procedures or guidelines for cultivating techniques for sappan wood plants. Each annual plant requires a certain amount of organic material at the beginning of planting to support its growth. The organic material commonly used is manure, one of which is cow manure. This research aims to determine the effect of cow manure dosage on the growth of sappan plants. The experiment was conducted from March 2023 to December 2023 at Ciparanje Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. The method used is experimental by design Randomized Block Design consisting of three treatments namely, it was repeated six times: 1 kg cow manure/plant, 2 kg cow manure/plant, and 3 kg cow manure/plant. The experimental results showed that treatment with 2 kg cow manure/plant had the best effect on plant height at 5,6,7,8, and 9 months after treatment (MAT) and the number of leaves at 5 and 9 MAT. There has been no response in plant diameter to the dose of cow manure fertilizer

Mycorrhizal inoculation and fertilizer microdosing interactions in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) under greenhouse conditions.

Soil fertility is a major constraint to agricultural development in the Sahel region of Africa. One alternative to reducing the use of mineral fertilizers is to partially replace them with microbes that promote nutrition and growth, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Mineral fertilizer microdosing is a technique developed to enhance fertilizer efficiency and encourage smallholder farmers to adopt higher mineral fertilizer applications. A pot experiment was set up to study the effects of AMF inoculation on the mineral nutrition of pearl millet under mineral fertilizer microdosing conditions. The experimental setup followed a randomized complete block design with five replicates. The treatments tested on millet were an absolute control and eight microdoses derived from the combination of three doses of 15- 10-10 [nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK)] mineral fertilizer (2 g, 3 g, and 5 g per pot), three doses of urea (1 g, 2 g, and 3 g per pot), and three doses of organic manure (OM) (200 g, 400 g, and 600 g), combined with and without AMF (Rhizophagus irregularis and Rhizophagus aggregatum). The parameters studied were growth, root colonization by AMF, and mineral nutrition. Plant height, stem diameter, root dry biomass, and percentage of root mycorrhization were measured. The results revealed a significant effect of the fertilizers on the growth of pearl millet compared to the control. AMF and OM treatments resulted in the highest biomass production. AMF combined with microdoses of NPK improved N and calcium (Ca) concentrations, while their combination with organic matter mainly improved the K concentration. Combining AMF with microdosed NPK and compost enhanced zinc (Zn) and nickel (Ni) concentrations. Root colonization varied from 0.55 to 56.4%. This investigation highlights the positive effects of AMF inoculation on nutrient uptake efficiency when combined with microdosing fertilization.

Effect of Various Manure Doses on the Choy Sum Grown in Mercury-Contaminated Tailing Substrate

Effect of Various Manure Doses on the Choy Sum Grown in Mercury-Contaminated Tailing Substrate

The Use Efficiency of Phosphorus in Organomineral Fertilization Systems

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study was to determine the agronomic, physiological and recovery efficiency of phosphorus in the transition from conventional agriculture to organic agriculture of organomineral fertilizers, which are formed by combining different levels of phosphorus fertilizers and dairy manures at different rates. Materials and Methods The study was carried out between 2019 and 2021 during the two wheat growing season in Söke county of Aydın province in the Southwest of Türkiye. In the study, excluding the control (P0), 4 different levels of phosphorus (P1:10, P2:20, P3:30, and P4:40 kg P ha−1) and 4 different doses of dairy manure (DM1:10, DM2:20, DM3:30, and DM4:40 t ha−1) and 16 different organomineral fertilizer combinations were composed. The fertilizer combinations composed were divided into four sub-organomineral fertilization systems (OMF1, OMF2, OMF3, and OMF4). The study was carried out in three replications according to the randomized block design. Results In the study, according to the averages of both years, the highest agronomic, physiological and recovery efficiency (AE, PE, and RE) was determined as 29.5 kg kg−1, 175.0 kg kg−1 and 16.9% in DM1P1 application (OMF1 system), respectively. The lowest agronomic, physiological and recovery efficiency were recorded as 21.2 kg kg−1, 163.4 kg kg−1 and 13.0% in DM4P4 application (OMF4 system), respectively. As a result, organomineral fertilizers reduced the agronomic, physiological and recovery efficiency of phosphorus by 28.1%, 8.2% and 23.1%, respectively. Conclusions Finally, it was concluded that the fertilizer use efficiency increased as the amount of phosphorus applied to compose with organomineral fertilizers decreased.

Growth and Yield of Celery (Apium Graveolens L.) in Organic Cultivation on Alluvial Soil

Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is a horticultural crop that is consumable and offers numerous health benefits. The purpose of this study was to ascertain how celery growth and yield cultivated on alluvial soil were affected by the interaction between liquid organic NPK fertilizer and chicken manure. The study utilized a field experiment that was designed completely randomized comprising two factors. The first factor was the dosage of chicken manure with three levels: C1: 50 g/pot, C2: 100 g/pot, and C3: 150 g/pot. The second factor was liquid organic NPK fertilizer with three levels: L1: 1%, L2: 2%, and L3: 3%. All treatment combinations were performed in triplicates. The results indicated that the interaction between chicken manure and liquid organic NPK fertilizer significantly affected the number of tillers and dry weight of celery yield. Chicken manure as a single factor significantly influenced the number of stems and tillers. Liquid organic NPK fertilizer as a single factor significantly influenced the number of tillers, fresh weight, dry weight, and plant height. The combination of chicken manure and liquid organic NPK fertilizer (C1L3) produced the highest number of stems per clump (79.44 stems) and the highest number of tillers per clump (9.78 tillers). The combination of C2L3 yielded the highest fresh weight (184 g) and dry weight (17.33 g). Keywords: Alluvial soil, Celery, Chicken manure, Liquid organic NPK fertilizer

Integrated plant nutrient supply modules for enhancing crop growth, productivity and nutrient balance in maize - chickpea cropping sequence

A long-term field study was conducted to evaluate integrated plant nutrient supply (IPNS) system in maizechickpea cropping sequence. In this study, twelve IPNS modules of Soil Test Crop Response (STCR) based fertilizers, recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF), farmyard manure (FYM), poultry manure (PM), urban compost (UC), maize residue (MR) and Gliricidia loppings (GL) were investigated. Results indicated that plant height, dry biomass, yield parameters (cob length and girth, grains/cob and 1000-grains weight) and yields (grain and stover) of maize significantly (p=0.05) improved with IPNS module (75% NPK +5 t FYM) and increased 31.8 and 23.8% grain yield over the RDF and 100% NPK of STCR, respectively. In chickpea, the higher plant height, dry biomass, pods/ plant and yields (grain and straw) were obtained with the residual fertility of FYM @ 25 t/ha every year and followed by IPNS module (75%NPK +5 t FYM). However, residual fertility of PM and UC based IPNS modules also considerably improved the crop growth and yields of chickpea. Substantially higher system productivity was also noticed with 75% NPK +5 t FYM and followed 75% NPK +1 t PM based IPNS modules which was 1.86 and 0.99 t/ ha higher than RDF. A positive nutrient balance was recorded with addition of higher level FYM only (25 t/ha) Whereas, a negative nutrient balance was noticed for N and K in all plots excluding higher level of organic manures. However, there has been substantial build-up of N, P and K in plots receiving 25 t FYM every year. The additional supply of nutrients (organic + inorganic) is crucial for positive nutrients balance. Thus, STCR based fertilizers (75% NPK) along 25% nutrients through organic manures (FYM and PM) sustained the crop yield while the addition of FYM (25 t/ha) is essential for a positive balance of nutrients in the soil.