Tubercle Research Articles

A New Species Belonging to the Cyrtodactylus sadleiri Complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae) Has Been Discovered in East Java, Indonesia

We describe a new species of Cyrtodactylus Gray from East Java (Maospati and Mojokerto), Indonesia that belongs to the C. sadlieri complex within the C. darmandvillei species group. It is a medium sized (SVL) species with adult males reaching 67.2 mm and females 59.0 mm, dorsal tubercles absent on brachium, present on antebrachium and along the ventrolateral fold; 18–20 irregular dorsal tubercle rows at midbody; 26–28 paravertebral tubercles per series; 28–34 ventral scale rows across belly; precloacal groove present with 32–37 precloacofemoral pores in males; enlarged femoral and precloacal scales arranged in a continuous series; abrupt transition between the enlarged femorals and the adjacent scales on the posterior margin of the thigh; subequal median subcaudal scales not transversely enlarged. The new species is genetically divergent from the other Javan congeners of the C. darmandvillei groupwith genetic divergences (p-distances) ranging from 7.7–12.1% for the mitochondrial ND2 gene.

Diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound combined with serum procalcitonin in tuberculous lymph nodes and metastatic lymph nodes

To investigate the value of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) combined with Procalcitonin (PCT) in differentiating Tuberculous Lymph Nodes (TLN) from Metastatic Lymph Nodes (MLN). This prospective cohort study included 207 consecutive patients diagnosed with CTL. All patients underwent routine ultrasound and CEUS prior to pathology or laboratory confirmation. Serum indicators were measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Predictive modeling was performed by multifactorial logistic regression. Evaluate the diagnostic and calibration performance of the predictive model by drawing Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and calibration curves, and using Area Under the Curve (AUC) and Hosmer-Lemeshow (H-L) tests. The diagnosis of MLN was confirmed pathologically or laboratory in 102 of 207 patients (49.27 %), and 50.8 % were confirmed to be TLN. According to imaging findings of CEUS, TLN was more commonly associated with enhanced concentric performance in the arterial phase (67.65 % vs. 40.95 %) and heterogeneous enhancement pattern in lymph nodes (70.59 % vs. 52.38 %). Peak Intensity (PI) of lesions was higher in patients with MLN. Increased age-enhanced concentric performance in the arterial phase, increased PI, and serum PCT greater than 5.39 ng/mL were independent risk factors for MLN. The prediction model of serum PCT combined with CEUS had a higher diagnostic value for MLN. The H-L test indicated a satisfactory model fit (all p > 0.05), and the calibration curve closely approximates the ideal diagonal. CEUS combined with serum PCT has better clinical application value in the differential diagnosis of TLN and MLN.

A New Species of the Cyrtodactylus pulchellus Group (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Surat Thani Province, Thailand Underscores This Group's Remarkable Diversity on the Thai-Malay Peninsula.

An integrative taxonomic study recognized a new species of the Cyrtodactylus pulchellus group from Kanchanadit District, Surat Thani Province, Southern Thailand. Phylogenetic analyses of the mitochondrial ND2 gene revealed a new species, Cyrtodactylus kanchanaditsp. nov., that is closely related to C. lekaguli. The new species differs from its sister lineage by bearing mean genetic divergence of 4.53% and significant differences in both mensural and morphometric characters (p < 0.05). Cyrtodactylus kanchanaditsp. nov. can be differentiated from the remaining members of the C. pulchellus species group because of its genetic divergence of ≥7.99% and a combination of differences in body size: 11-15 supralabial and 10-12 infralabial scales, 29-35 paravertebral tubercles, 18-23 longitudinal rows of dorsal tubercles, 32-37 rows of ventral scales, 20-23 subdigital lamellae on the fourth toe, 32-37 femoroprecloacal pores in adult males, and four or five dark body bands; weak tuberculation on body; absence of tubercles in the ventral body fold, absence of precloacal pores in females, and absence of scattered pattern of white tubercles on dorsum; presence of precloacal groove depression; and maculated white caudal bands. Cyrtodactylus kanchanaditsp. nov. is currently known from its type locality.

Immature stages and natural history of Eruga unilabiana (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), an ectoparasitoid of two linyphiid spiders

AbstractWasps from the Polysphincta genus group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) are currently the only parasitoid wasps that are ectoparasitoids of spiders. The species of the group exhibit several morphological and behavioral adaptations, which allow exploiting their host spiders. Here, we describe the external morphology, behavior and natural history of the immature stages of a Darwin wasp Eruga unilabiana Pádua &amp; Sobczak, 2018, a parasitoid of sheet‐weaving spiders, Sphecozone sp. and Eurymorion sp. (Linyphiidae). The egg of E. unilabiana is a white mass that is deposited in the anterior region of the spider's abdomen. First stage larvae partially emerge from the egg's chorion. Second stage larvae have a body divided into 13 segments and induce spiders to build a modified web. The third stage larvae have eight pairs of retractable dorsal tubercles with tiny little hooks that help the larvae hang and move on the web threads after the spider dies. These results indicate that the immature stages of E. unilabiana present the same basic morphological and behavioral characteristics already known for the species of the group. However, the last stage larva's strategy of moving first to hang on the web threads before killing the spider is the first record in the group and more studies are needed to assess whether this behavior is adaptive for the wasp.

Evaluation of Radiological and Anatomical Features of Cervical Vertebrae in Adult Persian Cat.

Radiographic studies of Persian cat's cervical vertebrae can provide us with valuable information used in identifying its anatomical features, investigating various species of Persian cats and evaluating their cervical pathologies. The present study aimed to investigate the anatomical and radiological features of cervical vertebrae in Persian cats to create a comprehensive and accurate reference for the normal range of cervical bones and joints that can be used for clinical decision-making and interpretation of radiographic findings in these cats. The present descriptive-cross-sectional study included 10 adult Persian cats, including 5 males and 5 females. All cats underwent radiography in the dorsoventral, ventrodorsal, left lateral and right lateral recumbency. Then, anatomical investigations were performed. According to our findings, Persian cats were different from other cat species in some cervical vertebral characteristics, which can be suggested as comparative anatomy in these species. The most important differences were as follows: the C3 and C7 had the lowest and highest spinous process height (SPH), respectively. The atlas had the highest transverse process width (TPW), which was significantly different with other cervical vertebrae (p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, the cervical vertebrae were not significantly different in vertical diameter of cranial vertebral foramen (VDCrVF) and transverse diameter of cranial vertebral foramen (TDCrVF) (p ≤ 0.05). The caudal surface of the atlantic vertebral arch had two dorsal and ventral tubercles. Also, the ventral crest of the axis was quite indistinct in the cranial part while becoming prominent in the caudal part. The C3 spinous process was a wide, small tubercle, while the C7 spinous process was extended vertically. Finally, the C6 transverse processes had a large ventrocranial tubercle forming a sagittal plate with cranial and caudal parts separated by a notch. The accurate and comprehensive standard ranges obtained from the present study can be used for the interpretation of imaging results, clinical decision-making, and finding the normal and abnormal sizes of the cervical vertebrae and their processes in Persian cats.

Description of Chelidura gansuensis sp. nov. (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) from Gansu Province, China

Description of Chelidura gansuensis sp. nov. (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) from Gansu Province, China

Taxonomy of Iranian Asaccus (Squamata: Phyllodactylidae) with description of a new species from southern Iran.

We provide the first diversity assessment of Iranian species of the genus Asaccus based on COI DNA-barcoding. We analyzed 53 samples of Iranian Asaccus representing nine OTU corresponding to 10 currently recognzied nominal species, and evaluated both morphological and genetic data to support the recognition of a new species from Bandar-e Jask, Hormozgan Province, southern Iran-Asaccus authenticus sp. nov. The new species is characterized by medium body size (SVL max 55.5 mm), elongated limbs, and relatively small dorsal tubercles arranged in 12-14 regular rows. Morphologically Asaccus authenticus sp. nov. resembles both Arabian and Iranian representatives of the genus; phylogenetically it forms a highly divergent lineage with sister relationships to all other Iranian congeners. We applied the geometric morphometrics method to compare the position and shape of postmental plates for almost all members of Asaccus and evaluated the importance of this character in species diagnostics in this group. We also critically evaluate the recent phylogenetic data on Asaccus and discuss the most problematic questions on taxonomy of this genus. We also revalidate Asaccus ingae (Eiselt, 1973) as a full species; overall our work raises the total number of species of the genus Asaccus to 20.

Two new species of South Asian Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the southern tip of the Western Ghats, India

ABSTRACT We describe two new small-bodied species of South Asian Cnemaspis from Kanyakumari District of Tamil Nadu State, India. The two new species are sister taxa, forming a well-supported, previously unsampled clade of South Asian Cnemaspis that we name the kanyakumariensis clade. This new clade is recovered with weak support as the sister taxon to the goaensis clade. Both the new species together can be easily distinguished from all other peninsular Indian clades by a combination of non-overlapping morphological characters such as small size with snout to vent length < 40 mm, femoral pores only present in males, presence of spine-like tubercles on flanks, and condition of the subcaudals. They can also be distinguished from each other by several characters such as the number of dorsal tubercles around the body, short vs long spine-like tubercles on flank, and the arrangement of keeled subcaudal scales. They also differ by uncorrected pairwise sequence divergence of 10.2 and 2.9% for ND2 and 16S, respectively. This work reveals that even the low-elevation coastal hills of southern India have ancient, endemic lineages and require protection. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E0D67474-E7D9-454E-8DEF-65238219BB33

Mitonuclear and phenotypic discordance in an Atlantic Forest frog hybrid zone.

Discordance between mitochondrial and nuclear DNA is common among animals and can be the result of a number of evolutionary processes, including incomplete lineage sorting and introgression. Particularly relevant in contact zones, mitonuclear discordance is expected because the mitochondrial genome is haploid and primarily uniparentally inherited, whereas nuclear loci are evolving at slower rates. In addition, when closely related taxa come together in hybrid zones, the distribution of diagnostic phenotypic characters and their concordance with the mitochondrial or nuclear lineages can also inform on historical and ongoing dynamics within hybrid zones. Overall, genetic and phenotypic discordances provide evidence for evolutionary divergence and processes that maintain boundaries among sister species or lineages. In this study, we characterized patterns of genetic and phenotypic variation in a contact zone between Cycloramphus dubius and Cycloramphus boraceiensis, two sister species of frogs endemic to the Atlantic Coastal Forest of Brazil. We examined genomic-scale nuclear diversification across 19 populations, encompassing the two parental forms and a contact zone between them. We compared the distribution of genomic DNA variability with that of a mitochondrial locus (16S) and two morphological traits (dorsal tubercles and body size). Our results reveal multiple divergent lineages with ongoing admixture. We detected discordance in patterns of introgression across the three data types. Cycloramphus dubius males are significantly larger than C. boraceiensis males, and we posit that competition among males in the hybrid zone, coupled with mate choice by females, may be one mechanism leading to patterns of introgression observed between the species.

Diagnostic efficacy of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchoscopic lung biopsy for identifying tuberculous nodules

BackgroundMicrobiological diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is hampered by a low pathogen burden, low compliance and unreliable sputum sampling. Although endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchoscopic lung biopsy (EBUS-TBLB) has been found to be useful for the assessment of intrapulmonary nodules in adults, few data are available for the clinical diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Here, we evaluated EBUS-TBLB as a diagnostic procedure in adult patients with radiologically suspected intrapulmonary tuberculous nodules.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of patients admitted with pulmonary nodules between January 2022 and January 2023 at Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital. All patients underwent EBUS-TBLB, and lung biopsy samples were obtained during hospitalization. All samples were tested for Mycobacterium tuberculosis using acid‒fast smears, Bactec MGIT 960, Xpert MTB/RIF, next-generation sequencing (NGS), and DNA (TB‒DNA) and RNA (TB‒RNA). The concordance between different diagnostic methods and clinical diagnosis was analysed via kappa concordance analysis. The diagnostic efficacy of different diagnostic methods for PTB was analysed via ROC curve.ResultsA total of 107 patients were included in this study. Among them, 86 patients were diagnosed by EBUS-TBLB, and the overall diagnostic rate was 80.37%. In addition, 102 enrolled patients had benign lesions, and only 5 were diagnosed with lung tumours. Univariate analysis revealed that the diagnostic rate of EBUS-TBLB in pulmonary nodules was related to the location of the probe. The consistency analysis and ROC curve analysis revealed that NGS had the highest concordance with the clinical diagnosis results (agreement = 78.50%, κ = 0.558) and had the highest diagnostic efficacy for PTB (AUC = 0.778). In addition, Xpert MTB/RIF + NGS had the highest concordance with the clinical diagnosis results (agreement = 84.11%, κ = 0.667) and had the highest efficacy in the diagnosis of PTB (AUC = 0.826).ConclusionEBUS-TBLB is a sensitive and safe method for the diagnosis of pathological pulmonary nodules. Xpert MTB/RIF combined with NGS had the highest diagnostic efficacy and can be used in the initial diagnosis of PTB.

Postcephalic segmentation and spines of the Siluro-Devonian odontopleurine trilobites Leonaspis Richter &amp; Richter and Kettneraspis Prantl &amp; Přibyl, with description of Bruthansovaspis gen. nov. from the Wenlock to Ludlow of the Prague Basin

Species of the odontopleurine trilobites Leonaspis Richter &amp; Richter, 1917 and Kettneraspis Prantl &amp; Přibyl, 1949 from the Silurian and the Devonian have been studied. Dorsal tubercle and spine patterns are highly variable and deemed of restricted use. The pygidial segmentation of Leonaspis is consistent among species in the development of a rudimentary inner pleural ridge or wide space between the pleural ridge and the axis. In Kettneraspis, an inner pleural ridge is never developed but the primitive condition is to have a space here. The formation of this ridge and an auxiliary interior border spine pair was arrested prematurely during ontogeny in species assigned to Kettneraspis at present. The type species of the monotypic Rupbachella Alberti, 2021 is regarded as a juvenile Leonaspis. Bruthansovaspis gen. nov. (type species: Acidaspis roemeri Barrande, 1852) is proposed for a Silurian clade of former Kettneraspis species from peri-Gondwana, that are principally distinct in lacking the combination of stunted anterior and macropleural posterior, thoracic segments synapomorphic of Kettneraspis and Leonaspis. The types of Bruthansovaspis roemeri, Bruthansovaspis dormitzeri (Hawle &amp; Corda, 1847), Bruthansovaspis dumortieri (Hawle &amp; Corda, 1847), Kettneraspis propinqua (Barrande, 1852), Kettneraspis lindackeri (Hawle &amp; Corda, 1847) and Bruthansovaspis zenkeri (Hawle &amp; Corda, 1847) (= B. dormitzeri) from the Silurian of the Barrandian, all of which had previously been lumped as dormitzeri, are figured and their classifications revisited. Exceptionally well-preserved odontopleurine material from the Devonian in the Tafilalt (southern Morocco) is described as Kettneraspis freitagi sp. nov. Leonaspis? strix Lütke, 1965 from the Devonian of the Harz Mountains is in need of revision; a previously tentatively assigned pygidium does not belong in that genus.

Taxonomic Revision of the Nearctic Genus Drepanaphis Del Guercio (Hemiptera, Aphididae: Drepanosiphinae).

The Nearctic aphid genus Drepanaphis Del Guercio, 1909, the largest within the subfamily Drepanosiphinae (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is characterised by distinctive dorsal abdominal tubercles. This study presents a comprehensive taxonomic revision of the genus, expanding the recognised species to 18, including the newly described Drepanaphis robinsoni Malik sp. nov. Detailed descriptions and figures for 44 morphs, encompassing alate viviparous females, oviparous females and males, are provided, with new identification keys for all known species and morphs. The sexual morphs of 15 species, particularly oviparous females, are documented for the first time. Morphometric and principal component analyses (PCA) are employed to distinguish the studied taxa. This study identifies and corrects numerous misidentifications in museum collections, previously labelled as D. acerifoliae, D. choanotricha, D. kanzensis, D. knowltoni, D. parva, D. sabrinae or D. tissoti. Furthermore, it revalidates the distinct status of D. nigricans and D. tissoti, which had been synonymised in earlier works. Current range maps for all species and images of key morphological features obtained through light and scanning electron microscopy are also presented, providing a more complete understanding of this understudied genus.

Five new species of the Cnemaspis beddomei clade (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from high elevation, evergreen forests of the Southern Western Ghats, India.

We describe five new species allied to Cnemaspis beddomei from the Southern Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India using morphological data and mitochondrial sequence divergence. The new species are members of the beddomei and anamudiensis subclades within the beddomei clade and are from boulder habitats in evergreen forests in Tenkasi (Cnemaspis tenkasiensis sp. nov.), and the Agamalai (C. agamalaiensis sp. nov.), Anaimalai (C. anaimalaiensis sp. nov. and C. valparaiensis sp. nov.) and Palani Hills (C. anuradhae sp. nov.). The new species can be distinguished from other members of the beddomei clade and each other by a combination of non-overlapping morphological characters including body size, distinct colouration in males, the number or arrangement of dorsal tubercles around the body and paravertebral tubercles, the number of ventral scales across midbody and longitudinal scales from mental to cloaca, tail tuberculation and arrangement of subcaudal scales, besides uncorrected pairwise ND2 and 16S sequence divergence of ≥ 5.4 % and ≥ 2.3 %. The beddomei clade is another example of extreme micro-endemism, all 23 known species are evergreen forest dwellers and are each known from just one or a few closely spaced localities, with three non-sister species known from within one kilometre straight-line distance of each other on the Valparai Plateau, Anaimalai Tiger Reserve. The beddomei subclade is distributed from Agasthyamalai to the Anaimalais while the anamudiensis subclade is restricted to the Anaimalai, Palani and Kannan Devan Hills.

Two new species of South Asian Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the far northern peaks of the Western Ghats, India.

We describe two new species of South Asian Cnemaspis from far northern peaks of the Northern Western Ghats of Maharashtra, India. The two new species are the most northernly distributed representatives of the girii clade and are phylogenetically and morphologically allied to C. uttaraghati. The new species are 15.0% divergent from C. uttaraghati in pairwise uncorrected ND2 sequence data, 9.9 % from each other, and over 17.5-18.8% from other members of the girii clade. The two new species can easily be distinguished from most members of the girii clade by a combination of non-overlapping morphological characters such as body size (maximum snout to vent length 35-43 mm), low number of dorsal tubercle rows (6-11), having irregular paravertebral tubercles, and high subdigital lamellae counts; and from each other and C. uttaraghati by the number of midventral scales across belly, the number of subdigital lamellae, and the number of poreless scales separating series of femoral pores. The new species and C. uttaraghati are distributed within 10-25 km of each other, providing an example of extreme micro-endemism in the Northern Western Ghats.

Structural Connectivity between Olfactory Tubercle and Ventrolateral Periaqueductal Gray Implicated in Human Feeding Behavior.

The olfactory tubercle (TUB), also called the tubular striatum, receives direct input from the olfactory bulb and, along with the nucleus accumbens, is one of the two principal components of the ventral striatum. As a key component of the reward system, the ventral striatum is involved in feeding behavior, but the vast majority of research on this structure has focused on the nucleus accumbens, leaving the TUB's role in feeding behavior understudied. Given the importance of olfaction in food seeking and consumption, olfactory input to the striatum should be an important contributor to motivated feeding behavior. Yet the TUB is vastly understudied in humans, with very little understanding of its structural organization and connectivity. In this study, we analyzed macrostructural variations between the TUB and the whole brain and explored the relationship between TUB structural pathways and feeding behavior, using body mass index (BMI) as a proxy in females and males. We identified a unique structural covariance between the TUB and the periaqueductal gray (PAG), which has recently been implicated in the suppression of feeding. We further show that the integrity of the white matter tract between the two regions is negatively correlated with BMI. Our findings highlight a potential role for the TUB-PAG pathway in the regulation of feeding behavior in humans.

Another new micro-endemic, limestone-dwelling leaf-toed gecko (Gekkonidae: Dixonius) from Phetchaburi Province, western Thailand.

We describe Dixoniuschotjuckdikuli sp. nov. from Khao Ebid (Mount Ibit), Khao Yoi District, Phetchaburi Province, western Thailand. The new, limestone-dwelling species differs from all currently recognized species of Dixonius by the following combination of morphological characters and pattern: maximal known snout-vent length of 45.6 mm, 18 (rarely 16) longitudinal rows of dorsal tubercles; 31 to 34 paravertebral scales; 18 (rarely 16) longitudinal rows of ventral scales across the abdomen; 20 to 22 interciliary scales; 5 or 6 precloacal pores in males, no pores in females; a marked canthal stripe extending beyond the shoulder; and a blotched dorsal pattern in males, females and juveniles. This description brings the number of Dixonius species to 17, among which seven species are endemic to Thailand.

The rediscovery of Epigomphus sulcatistyla Donnelly, 1989, with a description of its larva and female (Odonata: Gomphidae).

The larva of Epigomphus sulcatistyla Donnelly, 1989 is described, figured and compared with other described Mexican larvae. It is characterized by 3rd antennomere spindle-shaped, almost twice longer than its widest part; ligula with a ventral row of eight short, truncate teeth on middle; abdomen lateral spines on S7-9 slightly divergent; male epiproct dorsal tubercles rounded apically and divergent distally. It differs from other Mexican species mainly in shape of 3rd antennomere, number of teeth on ligula, serrations on lateral margins of S8-9, and shape of cerci. Also, the hitherto unknown female is described, for the first time, based on four teneral female from reared larvae.

Two new species of the Cnemaspisgalaxia complex (Squamata, Gekkonidae) from the eastern slopes of the southern Western Ghats.

Two new species allied to Cnemaspisgalaxia are described from the eastern slopes of the south Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India. Both new species are members of the ornata subclade within the beddomei clade. The two new species can be easily distinguished from all other members of the beddomei clade and each other by a combination of nonoverlapping morphological characters such as small body size, distinct colouration of both sexes, the number of dorsal tubercles around the body, the number or arrangement of paravertebral tubercles, the number of midventral scales across the belly and longitudinal ventral scales from mental to cloaca, besides uncorrected pairwise ND2 and 16S sequence divergence of ≥ 7.4% and ≥ 2.7%. The two new species are distributed from low elevation, deciduous forests of Srivilliputhur, and add to the five previously known endemic vertebrates from Srivilliputhur-Megamalai Tiger Reserve.

Another New Species of the Cyrtodactylus annulatus Complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Maratua an Adjacent Island to Borneo, Indonesia

The region of Borneo is very interesting in its diversity of gekkonid lizards of the genus Cyrtodactylus. Until now, it is known to harbor 14 described species. Herein, we described a new member of this genus from the adjacent island of Maratua. Cyrtodactylus tehetehe sp. nov. is named after the specialty of the traditional cuisine of the Derawan Islands (sticky rice with coconut milk and a little salt wrapped in sea urchin skin, Echinoidea spp.). The new species forms a tight phylogenetic clade with Philippine taxa allied to C. annulatus and is sister to the Palawan species C. tautbatorum, a biogeographic surprise, given that C. jambangan and C. annulatus occur closer geographically, in the Sulu Archipelago. The new species can be distinguished from all other congeners by a combination of characters including maximum SVL, number of supralabials, infralabials, longitudinal dorsal tubercle rows, paravertebral tubercles, ventral scale rows, subdigital lamellae on fourth toe, by having tubercles on ventrolateral body folds, a single precloacal pore and enlarged precloacal scales, lacking tubercles on upper arm, enlarged femoral scales and respective pores, precloacal depression, and transversely enlarged median subcaudals.

Una nueva especie troglobia del Alto Atlas de Marruecos: Castellanethes ubachi n. sp. (Crustacea, Isopoda, Olibrinidae)

In this work, a new troglobitic species of terrestrial isopod present in the High Atlas of Morocco belonging to the family Olibrinidae and the Castellanethes genus is described. The new species is differentiated from the rest of the genus by its strong dorsal tubercles on the cephalon and pereion, the antennula with three petaliform aesthetascs, the antennal flagellum with seven or eight articles, the molar penicillium of the mandibles with two branches and the endopod of the first pleopod of the male with fifteen large scales at the end. To facilitate the identification of the species of the genus, a key is included.