Tubercle Research Articles

New morphological information on Simulium wygodzinskyorum Coscarón & Py-Daniel, 1989 (Diptera: Simuliidae).

Simulium wygodzinskyorum Coscarón & Py-Daniel was originally described based on a small number of specimens collected in Junín Province, Peru. We sampled in the same province as the type locality of this species, collecting last-instar larvae and pupae. Since the original larval description of this species was based on a single immature individual, our objective is to provide a last-instar larval description and also to provide additional morphological information on the pupa and male genitalia of this species. Some morphological characteristics not reported before for this species, such as, dorsal tubercles on larval abdominal segments, are described. Abdominal chaetotaxy of pupae is revised and the male ventral plate is fully illustrated, also it is discussed the importance of standardizing the position in which the ventral plate is illustrated. This species was collected in a stream with 2-8 m in width, exposed to sunlight with rocks of different sizes, in low density.

Nursing of 100 diabetics complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis

Objective To analyze the nursing of 100 diabetics with pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods A total of 100 diabetics complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis from January 2013 to May 2015 were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, 50 cases of each group. The patients of experimental group were given intervention nursing based on psychology, exercise, diet, rational administration and discharge instruction, while the patients of control group were given routine nursing. The glycemic control and negative conversion ratio of tubercle bacillus in sputum culture were compared between two groups. Results The rate of glycemic control in the experimental group and control group after treatment were 90% and 74% respectively (χ2=4.336, P=0.037). The negative conversion ratio of tubercle bacillus in sputum culture at 6th and 9th month in the experimental group were 82% and 90%, while they in the control group were 62% and 76% (P<0.05). Conclusions Comprehensive intervention nursing improves the glycemic control and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in diabetics complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis. Key words: Tuberculosis, pulmonary; Diabetes; Nursing

Biochemical analysis of induced resistance in chickpea against broomrape (Orobanche foetida) by rhizobia inoculation.

This study examined the capacity of Rhizobium sp. strain PchAZM to reduce parasitism of chickpea by Orobanche foetida under greenhouse conditions, and assessed the relative impact of rhizobia on the expression of chickpea defense response against broomrape. Growth chamber experiments using Petri dishes revealed that rhizobia infection on chickpea roots reduced broomrape seed germination, and restricted the broomrape attachment to host roots while retarding tubercle formation and development by the parasite. In pot experiments, chickpea roots inoculated with rhizobia reduced the total number of broomrape by up to 90%. Broomrape necrosis was observed both before and after parasite attachment to inoculated chickpea roots in Petri dishes and pot experiments. Reduction in infection was accompanied by enhanced levels of the defence-related enzymes phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and peroxidase (POX). Increased levels of phenolics were recorded in the roots of rhizobia-inoculated plants grown in the presence of broomrape. The results suggest that rhizobia could be used for protection of chickpea against O. foetida .

A new species of Blaesodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Tsingy limestone outcrops in Namoroka National Park, north-western Madagascar.

We describe a new gekkonid lizard of the genus Blaesodactylus from Tsingy limestone of a deciduous dry forest of Namoroka National Park, north-western Madagascar. Blaesodactylus victori sp. nov., the sixth recognized species of this genus, is distinguished from all other congeners by its large size and a combination of regular small gular granules, spotted venter, lack of dorsal tubercles, enlarged supranasal scales separated ventrally by a much smaller scale in contact with the rostral, and black naris. The new arboreal species is also characterized by its dark dorso-ventral stripes on the head separating infralabial and most supralabial plates and in life by a typical white spotted pattern on a washed grey to dark grey vermiculated dorsum. Molecular phylogenetic data place the species into a clade with B. boivini and B. microtuberculatus, as sister to a subclade containing these two species. The new species shares some morphological characters states with its African sister genus Homopholis, suggesting that its morphology might be rather plesiomorphic. We also identify several previously overlooked morphological traits characterizing the entire B. boivini clade, possibly also being plesiomorphic. Due to its extremely limited presumed extent of occurrence and continuing decline of its habitat we propose an IUCN Red List status of "Critically Endangered" for the new species.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Computer-Aided Assessment of Intranodal Vascularity in Distinguishing Different Causes of Cervical Lymphadenopathy

Ultrasound is useful in assessing cervical lymphadenopathy. Advancement of computer science technology allows accurate and reliable assessment of medical images. The aim of the study described here was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of computer-aided assessment of the intranodal vascularity index (VI) in differentiating the various common causes of cervical lymphadenopathy. Power Doppler sonograms of 347 patients (155 with metastasis, 23 with lymphoma, 44 with tuberculous lymphadenitis, 125 reactive) with palpable cervical lymph nodes were reviewed. Ultrasound images of cervical nodes were evaluated, and the intranodal VI was quantified using a customized computer program. The diagnostic accuracy of using the intranodal VI to distinguish different disease groups was evaluated and compared. Metastatic and lymphomatous lymph nodes tend to be more vascular than tuberculous and reactive lymph nodes. The intranodal VI had the highest diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing metastatic and tuberculous nodes with a sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 73%, positive predictive value of 91%, negative predictive value of 51% and overall accuracy of 68% when a cutoff VI of 22% was used. Computer-aided assessment provides an objective and quantitative way to evaluate intranodal vascularity. The intranodal VI is a useful parameter in distinguishing certain causes of cervical lymphadenopathy and is particularly useful in differentiating metastatic and tuberculous lymph nodes. However, it has limited value in distinguishing lymphomatous nodes from metastatic and reactive nodes.

Rotational displacement on the sagittal plane in unstable pelvic fractures: a clinical case study

Objective To investigate the clinical significance and distribution of different rotational displacements on the sagittal plane in unstable pelvic fractures radiologically. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 82 patients with unilateral pelvic fracture who had been treated at our department from June 2005 to June 2015. They were 48 men and 34 women, with an average age of 43±18 years. By Tile classification, there were 48 cases of type B and 34 cases of type C. Their rotational displacements on the sagittal plane of the pelvic ring were determined on the anteroposterior X-ray films of the pelvis by measuring the changed distances from the top of iliac crest to the lowest point of ischial tuberosity and to the pubic tubercle. The data were recorded for analysis of different displacements and their clinical significance. Results Of all the 82 patients, based on the preoperative radiographic evidence, 36 (43.9%) showed sagittal plane rotational displacement. Of them, 28 (77.8%) showed supination displacement and 8 (22.2%) pronation displacement. The preoperative CT three-dimensional reconstruction confirmed the findings from the X-ray films. Twenty-one of the 48 cases of Tile type B (43.8%) and 15 of the 34 cases of Tile type C (44.1%) showed sagittal plane rotational displacement. The success rate of closed reduction was, respectively, 66.7% (24/36) in the 36 cases with sagittal plane rotational displacement, 62.5% (5/8) in those with pronation displacement and 67.9% (19/28) in those with supination displacement, all significantly lower than the total success rate of closed reduction in this cohort (84.1%). Conclusions The sagittal plane rotational (pronation and supination) displacement of pelvic fracture can be determined by measuring special points and lines on the anteroposterior radiographs of the pelvis. The supination displacement on the sagittal plane is more common. The unstable pelvic fracture with sagittal plane rotational displacement is more difficult to reduce. Key words: Pelvis; Fractures, bone; Closed reduction; X-ray; Rotation

A new species of karst-dwelling bent-toed gecko (Squamata: Gekkonidae)from Khammouane Province, central Laos.

We describe a new species of the genus Cyrtodactylus from Khammouane Province, central Laos based on morphological features and molecular data. Morphologically, Cyrtodactylus bansocensis sp. nov. is differentiated from other congeners by a unique combination of the following characters: medium size, SVL reaching 74.0 mm; dorsal pattern consisting of four light transverse bands between limb insertions; supranasals in contact with each other; dorsal tubercles at midbody in 14-15 irregular rows; lateral folds present without interspersed tubercles; ventral scales between ventrolateral folds 34-35; precloacal and femoral pores in males 34, separated by four poreless scales in the male holotype and in a continuous row in the male paratype; enlarged femoral and precloacal scales present; postcloacal tubercles 5-7 on each side; dorsal tubercles present at tail base; and subcaudal scales transversely enlarged. Molecular analyses revealed the new species to be closely related to Cyrtodactylus rufford, which is also found in Khammouane Province.

A new species of bent-toed gecko, genus Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae), from Jawa Timur Province, Java, Indonesia, with taxonomic remarks on C. fumosus (Müller, 1895).

A new species of the gekkonid lizard genus Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 is described from Klakah, Lumajang Regency, Jawa Timur Province, Java, Indonesia. Cyrtodactylus klakahensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other congeners by the presence of (1) a deep precloacal groove in males, (2) three rows of enlarged precloacofemoral scales, of which the third row bears 37-38 pores in males, (3) three or four rows of enlarged scales between the precloacofemoral scale rows and the cloaca, forming distinct chevrons, (4) raised and strongly keeled dorsal tubercles in 15-19 rows at midbody, (5) an indistinct lateral fold, (6) 17-20 subdigital lamellae under the 4th toe, and (7) subcaudal scales which are not transversely enlarged. Cyrtodactylus klakahensis sp. nov. is only the third bent-toed gecko species described from Java, indicating that the diversity of this genus on this island has been neglected in the past. Furthermore, we confirm that C. fumosus (Müller, 1895) is a species that possesses a precloacal groove in males and is most likely restricted to northern Sulawesi. That species is defined by a single female holotype (NMB-REPT 2662). Specimens in museum collections catalogued as C. fumosus from localities elsewhere are misidentified and likely represent undescribed species.

Cyrtodactylus rufford, a new cave-dwelling bent-toed gecko (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Khammouane Province, central Laos.

We describe a new species of the gekkonid genus Cyrtodactylus from Khammouane Province, central Laos based on morphological and molecular data. Morphologically, Cyrtodactylus rufford sp. nov. differs from its congeners by a unique combination of the following characters: medium size, SVL reaching 72.5 mm; dorsal pattern with three or four light transverse bands between limb insertions; one intersupranasal; 14-16 irregular dorsal tubercle rows at midbody, weakly developed in the paravertebral region; 27-29 ventral scale rows between ventrolateral folds; 42-43 precloacal and femoral pores in a continuous row in males, enlarged femoral and precloacal scales present; 4 or 5 postcloacal tubercles on each side; dorsal tubercles present at base of tail; medial subcaudal scales enlarged. Molecular analyses show that the new species is closely related to C. khammouanensis, which was originally described from Khammouane Province.

A new species of the genus Scutiger (Anura: Megophryidae) from Medog of southeastern Tibet, China.

A new species of Scutiger Theobald, 1868 is described from Medog, southeastern Tibet, China, based on morphological and molecular data. The new species was previously identified as Scutiger nyingchiensis, but it can be differentiated from the latter and all other congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) medium adult body size, SVL 50.5-55.6 mm in males and 53.8-57.2 mm in females; (2) maxillary teeth absent; (3) web rudimentary between toes; (4) prominent, conical-shaped tubercles on dorsal and lateral surfaces of body and limbs; (5) tubercles covered by black spines in both sexes in breeding condition; (6) a pair of pectoral glands and a pair of axillary glands present and covered by black spines in males in breeding condition, width of axillary gland less than 50% of pectoral gland; (7) nuptial spines present on dorsal surface of first and second fingers, and inner side of third finger in males in breeding condition; (8) spines absent on the abdominal region; (9) vocal sac absent. In addition, the distribution and conservation status of the new species are also discussed.

A new genus and species of treefrog from Medog, southeastern Tibet, China (Anura, Rhacophoridae).

A new genus and species of threefrog is described from Medog, southeastern Tibet, China based on morphological and phylogenetic data. The new genus can be distinguished from other treefrog genera by the following combination of characters: (1) body size moderate, 45.0 mm in male; (2) snout rounded; (3) canthus rostralis obtuse and raised prominently, forming a ridge from nostril to anterior corner of eyes; (4) web rudimentary on fingers; (5) web moderately developed on toes; (6) phalange "Y" shaped, visible from dorsal side of fingers and toes; (7) skin of dorsal surfaces relatively smooth, scatted with small tubercles; (8) iris with a pale yellow, "X" shaped pattern of pigmentation.

The short- term function of reverse shoulder arthroplasty after resection of the proximal humerus bone tumour

Objective To explore the short-term functional outcomes of the reconstruction of the proximal humerus by reverse shoulder arthroplasty after tumor rescetion. Methods 8 patients who underwent reverse shoulder arthroplasty after tumor resection between January 2013 and December 2014. 5 were female and 3 were male, mean aged was 38 years old (25-61). 2 chondrosarcomas and 6 giant cell tumors. Enneking stageing of 2 cases with chondrosarcoma were stage ⅠB and stage ⅡB. 6 giant cell tumors were Campanacci stage 3, meanwhile 3 cases had pathological fractures. The deltoid and axillary nerve were intact in all patients by image analysis before the operation. The proximal humerus was resected according to Malawer type Ⅰ resection. Then reverse shoulder arthroplasty reconstruction and bone graft was performed. The follow-up was scheduled, and the patient received X-ray examination of the shoulder. The range of motion of the shoulder was measured, the Constant-Murley score and musculoskeletal tumor society(MSTS) score was recorded. Results The mean duration of the operation was 2.7 h (2-3.5 h). The bleeding in the operation was 510 ml (300-850 ml). The mean length of humerus resection was 8 cm (6-10 cm). The allografts were used in 7 cases and reimplantation after tumor bone deactivation was used in one. The latissimus dorsi transfer were performed in 2 cases. The rotator cuff were resected 1-1.5 cm from the great and lesser tubercles. The follow-up was 13 months (3-26 months). No infection, dislocation, or loosening of prosthesis was found by the last follow-up. The X-ray showed the case who received reimplantation after tumor bone deactivation had achieved bone union 1 year postoperation, 7 cases received allograft had still nonunion at the host-graft junction. Bone resorption were found in all cases in different extent but the prosthesis were stable. No local recurrence of the tumor was found. At last follow-up, active abduction was 155° (100°- 175°) and active forward elevation was 150°(115°-170°) and Constant-Murley score was 76% (68%-87%). The MSTS score was 92% (87%-97%). Conclusion The functional outcomes of the reconstruction of the proximal humerus by reverse shoulder arthroplasty after tumor rescetion was satisfied in early period. The reverse shoulder arthroplasty can be used in younger patient, but long-term results need further study. Key words: Shoulder; Bone neoplasms; Arthroplasty, replacement

A New Species of the Genus &lt;i&gt;Ehlersileanira&lt;/i&gt; (Polychaeta: Sigalionidae) from the Andaman Sea, Thailand

Ehlersileanira andamanensis n. sp. is described from southwestern Thailand in the Andaman Sea, based on specimens collected during the Thai-Danish BIOSHELF Project in 1996–2000. The new species differs from E. incisa ( Grube, 1877 ) by having auricles and ctenidia on the ceratophore of the median antenna and dorsal tubercles on segment 3, whereas in the latter species the ceratophore of the median antenna only has auricles and there are no dorsal tubercles on segment 3.

Avulsion Fracture of the Tibial Tubercle Associated with Patellar Ligament Avulsion in a Sporting Adolescent. A Rare Case

DOI: 10.4328/JCAM.3985 Received: 20.10.2015 Accepted: 05.11.2015 Printed: 01.07.2016 J Clin Anal Med 2016;7(4): 548-50 Corresponding Author: Erdal Uzun, Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Klinigi, Kayseri Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi, Kayseri, Turkiye. GSM: +905072117999 E-Mail: nuzuladre@gmail.com Ozet Akut tibial tuberkul avulsiyon kirigi nadir gorulen bir durumdur ve genellikle proksimal tibia fizisinin acik oldugu adolosanlarda sportif faaliyetler esnasinda olusur. Bu yazida amator guresci bir adolosanda patellar tendon kopmasinin eslik ettigi tibia tuberositas avulsion kirigi olgusu sunulmaktadir. Acik reduksiyon ve internal tespit ile patellar tendon ve avulse tuberositas tibia basarili bir sekilde tedavi edildi. Hastanin son kontrolde etkilenen dizinin tam hareket acikligina sahip oldugu, ameliyattan 6 ay sonra sportif faaliyetlerine dondugu goruldu.

Isolated Retropancreatic Tuberculous Lymphadenitis Mimicking Carcinoma: A Diagnostic Challenge.

Tuberculosis as a cause of obstructive jaundice is a rare entity with only a few cases reported in the literature. Patients with this condition usually present with a protracted illness, jaundice, and weight loss, which may be confused with malignancies. We are reporting unusual case of isolated enlarged tuberculous lymph node compressing the common bile duct in the retropancreatic region and causing obstructive jaundice in an immunocompetent patient which to the best of our knowledge is the first case of isolated retropancreatic tuberculous lymphadenitis in Saudi Arabia.

A new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the limestone forest of Khammouane Province, central Laos.

We describe a new species of the genus Cyrtodactylus on the basis of three specimens from Khammouane Province, Laos. Cyrtodactylus soudthichaki sp. nov. is distinguished from the remaining congeners by the combination of the following characters: adult SVL 69.2-70.0 mm; dorsal head and neck with dark blotches; nuchal loop present; dorsum with five brown bands between limb insertions; 19 or 20 irregular rows of dorsal tubercles; 32 or 33 ventral scale rows; ventrolateral folds present, with distinct tubercles; dorsal surface of hind limbs with tubercles; 29 precloacal and femoral pores in a continuous row in males, precloacal pores absent in the female; enlarged femoral and precloacal scales present; 4 or 5 postcloacal tubercles; and subcaudals transversely enlarged. The new species most closely resembles Cyrtodactylus jaegeri and Cyrtodactylus roesleri in overall coloration and pattern. However, they can be clearly distinguished from each other in the number of dorsal tubercle rows, ventral scales, and femoral and precloacal pores. Cyrtodactylus soudthichaki is the 16th species of Cyrtodactylus known from Laos.

Molecular identification of four Panonychus species (Acari: Tetranychidae) in Korea, including new records of P. caglei and P. mori

AbstractFour species of the genus Panonychus are identified in Korea including two previously known species P. citri (McGregor) and P. ulmi (Koch) and two newly identified species P. mori Yokoyama and P. caglei Mellot. Morphological diagnostics were observed among the four species in the color of dorsal tubercles and in the shape of male aedeagus. The dorsal tubercles of P. citri, P. ulmi, P. mori and P. caglei are red, white, whitish red and light red, respectively. The aedeagi of male adults are diagnostic in sigmoid‐shaped at the distal end and its shape and length was different among four species. Molecular comparison of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequence of nuclear DNA and cytochrome‐c oxidase subunit I (COI) nucleotide sequence of mitochondrial DNA among the four species showed divergences 8–12% and 9–12%, respectively. Molecular analysis of the ITS2 and COI sequences revealed their divergences were slightly different among four species. In addition, species‐specific primer sets were designed at the base on ITS2 sequences to precisely diagnose these four species at the molecular level.

Surgical treatment of intracranial aneurysms via the pterional keyhole approach

Modify the pterional approach for intracranial aneurysms clipping with minimally invasive concept to reduce the risk of iatrogenic surgical trauma. A 4.0 cm skin incision was made along the temporal hairline and centered on the pterion, temporal muscle was incised along the sylvian fissure.A bone flap with 2.0 to 2.5 cm in diameter was milled after a bone hole was drilled just on the sphenoid ridge, which was drilled off as needed then.Aneurysms were exposed after dissection of sylvian fissure and cistern, as well as cerebrospinal fluid releasing.A total of 123 cases with 140 intracranial aneurysms were treated surgically via the pterional keyhole approach, including 6 large aneurysms, 4 giant aneurysms, and 17 cases with multiple aneurysms (34 aneurysms). Of 3 cases with bilateral aneurysms, 2 were treated via bilateral approach as well as 1 via unilateral approach. Contralateral approach was used in 1 case with ophthalmic artery aneurysm, which pointed medial. Concomitant intracranial tumors were removed simultaneously in 2 cases, and one of them was diagnosed with middle cerebral artery aneurysm and tuberculum sellae meningioma, the other one with posterior communicating artery aneurysm and middle cranial fossa menigioma. Of the 140 aneurysms, 139 aneurysms were clipped and 1 was trapped.Postoperative image showed 4 cases had residual of aneurysm neck. 3 cases had incomplete dysfunction of oculomotor nerve and 1 had mild hemiplegia after surgery and recovered eventually. 4 cases presented with aggravated disturbance of consciousness, of whom 3 cases were caused by ischemia and 1 by brain edema.Unusual ipsilateral hemiplegia occurred in 1 case in Hunt&Hess grade IV, which caused by contralateral vasospasm. Postoperative courses in other cases were uneventful. As a minimally invasive and effective approach, the pterional keyhole approach is applicable to intracranial aneurysms clipping for patients without any necessary for decompressive craniectomy. Surgical related complications and operative duration can be reduced significantly.

Sphaerodoridae (Annelida) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia, including the description of two new species and reproductive notes.

Sphaerodorids are scarce at Lizard Island archipelago and other localities in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Intensive collections at a variety of habitats within the Lizard Island archipelago over the last four decades have resulted in a total of just 11 specimens. Nevertheless, they represent two new species and a new record for Lizard Island. Sphaerodoropsis aurantica n. sp. is characterised by nine longitudinal rows of sessile and spherical dorsal macrotubercles, arranged in a single transverse row per segment; parapodia with around 10 spherical papillae; and compound chaetae with thin shafts and long blades. Sphaerodoropsis plurituberculata n. sp. is characterised by more than 12 more or less clearly arranged longitudinal rows of sessile spherical dorsal tubercles (variable in size), in four transverse rows per segment; parapodia lacking papillae; and semi-compound chaetae with distally enlarged shaft and short blades. Ephesiella australiensis is reported for the first time in Lizard Island. Laboratory observations of live specimens of Sphaerodoropsis plurituberculata n. sp., revealed the use of spermatophores by males. These were found attached externally to the body surface of both sexes, indicating pseudo-copulation.

Synchronous correction of lip and nasal deformity in complete bilateral cleft lip

To investigate the technique and its therapeutic effect of synchronous correction of lip and nasal deformity in complete bilateral cleft lip. 29 patients with complete bilateral cleft lip underwent synchronous correction of lip and nasal deformity with the modified Mulliken method for Asians. The philtral flap was 6-7 mm in length, and 3-4 mm in width at the collumellar-labial junction. The distance between the peaks of cupid's bow was 4-5 mm. The bilateral edge of philtral flap was de-epithelialized and advanced to form philtrum column. The lateral lip was advanced to the medial site, and the central vermilion tubercle was constructed with the bilateral vermilion-mucosal flap. Through the alar rim incision, the displaced cartilage was dissected and repositioned to raise the nasal tip. The follow-up period was 6 months to 6 years. Satisfactory results were achieved in all patients. The reconstructed upper lip had invisible scar with natural philtrum and column. The vermilion had good appearance with tubercle. The length of nasal column was not decreased and depression of nasal tip and alar was greatly improved. Our modified Mulliken method is effective in synchronous correction of lip and nasal deformity in bilateral cleft lip.