Doppler Ultrasound Instrument Research Articles

Diagnostic efficacy and value of ultrasound in children's scrotal testicular torsion: A retrospective analysis.

The purpose of this study is to explore the diagnostic efficacy and value of ultrasound detection for testicular torsion in children with scrotal and testicular diseases. A total of 120 children with acute scrotal swelling and pain who were treated in our hospital from August 2017 to August 2022 were selected for preliminary diagnosis through color Doppler ultrasound diagnostic instrument examination. The final diagnosis was made through surgical or conservative treatment. At the same time, 40 children with acute epididymitis during the same period were selected as the control group, and the clinical treatment of patients with testicular diseases was retrospectively analyzed. A total of 120 children were diagnosed with testicular torsion disease, with 57 cases affecting the left testicle and 63 cases affecting the right testicle. Ultrasound examinations revealed no blood flow signal in 78 cases, a significant reduction in blood flow in 38 cases, and no change in 4 cases. Among the pediatric patients who underwent manual reduction, 79 cases had a favorable prognosis. Surgical reduction was performed in 41 cases, with 35 cases successfully treated and 6 cases resulting in testicular removal. Follow-up examinations conducted 6 months to 1 year postoperatively showed testicular atrophy in 4 out of 35 cases with preserved testicles, while the 6 cases that underwent testicular resection had good outcomes. The non-active subgroup had a longer disease course and a greater degree of torsion (P < .05). There was no statistically significant difference in testicular volume and the ratio of healthy testicular volume between the 2 groups (P > .05). The sensitivity of ultrasound diagnosis was 95.24% (73/77), specificity was 78.57% (34/43), and accuracy was 89.29% (107/120). Ultrasound can effectively diagnose testicular torsion and evaluate the success rate of testicular reduction. Early treatment of patients with testicular torsion leads to better efficacy and higher survival rates.

Basketball Anterior and Posterior Portal Veins Doppler Imaging of Sports Medicine Technique Exploration

INTRODUCTION: Basketball, as a high-intensity sport, has attracted much attention for its effects on the cardiovascular system of athletes. The anterior and posterior portal veins are some of the vital blood vessels in the human circulatory system, and their blood flow is closely related to the athletes' physical status. Doppler ultrasound technology is widely used in sports medicine and provides a powerful tool for an in-depth understanding of the effects of basketball on portal vein blood flow. This study aimed to explore the potential of sports medicine technology in assessing cardiovascular adaptations in athletes through portal Doppler imaging before and after basketball exercise.OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study was to analyze the effects of basketball exercise on portal vein blood flow in athletes before and after basketball exercise through the use of Doppler ultrasound technology. Specifically, this study aimed to explore the dynamics of pre- and post-exercise Doppler imaging of the posterior and posterior veins in order to assess the cardiovascular adaptations of athletes during exercise more comprehensively and objectively.METHODS: A group of healthy professional basketball players were selected as the study subjects, and Doppler ultrasound instruments were utilized to obtain portal Doppler images before, during, and after exercise. The functional status of the vasculature was assessed by analyzing parameters such as portal blood flow velocity and resistance index. At the same time, the physiological parameters of the athletes, such as heart rate and blood pressure, were combined to gain a comprehensive understanding of the effects of basketball on portal blood flow.RESULTS: The results of the study showed that the anterior and posterior portal blood flow velocities of the athletes changed significantly during basketball exercise. Before the exercise, the blood flow velocity was relatively low, while it rapidly increased and reached the peak state during the exercise. After exercise, blood flow velocity gradually dropped back to the baseline level. In addition, the change in resistance index also indicated that portal blood vessels experienced a particular stress and adaptation process during exercise.CONCLUSION: This study revealed the effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system of athletes by analyzing the Doppler images of the portal vein before and after basketball exercise. Basketball exercise leads to significant changes in portal hemodynamics, which provides a new perspective for sports medicine. These findings are of guiding significance for the development of training programs for athletes and the prevention of exercise-related cardiovascular problems and provide a valuable reference for further research in the field of sports medicine.

Comparison of the diagnostic performance of three ultrasound thyroid nodule risk stratification systems for follicular thyroid neoplasm: K-TIRADS, ACR -TIRADS and C-TIRADS.

To explore the diagnostic performance of the currently used ultrasound-based thyroid nodule risk stratification systems (K-TIRADS, ACR -TIRADS, and C-TIRADS) in differentiating follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA) from follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). Clinical data and preoperative ultrasonographic images of 269 follicular thyroid neoplasms were retrospectively analyzed. All of them were detected by Color Doppler ultrasound instruments equipped with high-frequency liner array probes (e.g. Toshiba Apoli500 with L5-14MHZ; Philips IU22 with L5-12MHZ; GE LOGIQ E9 with L9-12MHZ and MyLab Class C with L9-14MHZ). The diagnostic performance of three TIRADS classifications for differentiating FTA from FTC was evaluated by drawing the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calculating the cut-off values. Of the 269 follicular neoplasms (mean size, 3.67±1.53 cm), 209 were FTAs (mean size, 3.56±1.38 cm) and 60 were FTCs (mean size, 4.07±1.93 cm). There were significant differences in ultrasound features such as margins, calcifications, and vascularity of thyroid nodules between the FTA and FTC groups (P < 0.05). According to the ROC curve comparison analysis, the diagnostic cut-off values of K-TIRADS, ACR-TIRADS, and C-TIRADS for identifying FTA and FTC were K-TR4, ACR-TR4, and C-TR4B, respectively, and the areas under the curves were 0.676, 0.728, and 0.719, respectively. The difference between ACR-TIRADS and K-TIRADS classification was statistically significant (P = 0.0241), whereas the differences between ACR-TIRADS and C-TIRADS classification and between K-TIRADS and C-TIRADS classification were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The three TIRADS classifications were not conducive to distinguishing FTA from FTC. It is necessary to develop a novel malignant risk stratification system specifically for the identification of follicular thyroid neoplasms.

Analysis of the value of echocardiographic parameters in the early diagnosis of preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

The objective of this study was to investigate the role of echocardiographic parameters in diagnosing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants. Ninety preterm infants with a gestational age of less than 32 weeks and a weight less than 1.5 kg, admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of the hospital between January 2020 and January 2021, were selected for the study. The study subjects were divided into two groups: a BPD group (54 cases, observation group) and a non-BPD group (36 cases, control group). The correlation between tricuspid regurgitation (TR) velocity and BPD was investigated by detecting the cardiac function of preterm infants in both groups using a color Doppler ultrasound diagnostic instrument and analyzing the cardiac ultrasound results. The early prediction efficiency of TR velocity (m/s) for BPD was evaluated using the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve. The incidence of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and pulmonary hypertension (PH) in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The levels of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular shorting fraction (LVFS) were significantly lower than those in the control group (p < 0.05). The incidence of patent foramen ovale (PFO), atrial septal defect (ASD), and ventricular septal defect (VSD) in the observation group were not significantly different from the control group (p > 0.05). The proportion of tricuspid regurgitation in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the TR velocity was significantly higher than that in the control group. The Spearman correlation analysis showed that TR velocity (m/s) was positively correlated to BPD severity (r = 0.379, p < 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) for predicting BPD with TR velocity was 0.735. The sensitivity and specificity were 88.0% and 62.6%, respectively, when the TR velocity was 1.45 m/s. Echocardiography is useful for understanding the degree of impaired cardiac function in preterm infants and for early detection of PH, which may reduce the mortality rate to a certain extent. The risk of BPD is significantly increased when TR velocity is higher than 1.45 m/s.

Analysis of the value of artificial intelligence combined with musculoskeletal ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of pain rehabilitation of scapulohumeral periarthritis

To explore the value of artificial intelligence combined with musculoskeletal ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of pain rehabilitation of scapulohumeral periarthritis. A total of 165 patients with periarthritis of the shoulder, who were admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to January 2022, were selected. Konica SONIMAGE HS1 PLUS color Doppler ultrasound diagnostic instrument was used to detect muscles and bones of patients with scapulohumeral periarthritis. This study proposed an intelligent clustering analysis algorithm with musculoskeletal ultrasound parameters. The neural network was trained on a GeForce RTX 3060 with the Adam W optimizer, a batch size of 12, and an initial learning rate of 5E-4. Each batch of 2 types of trained samples was input into the network in a specific proportion. Pain was assessed on a 10-point visual analogue scale. On the affected side of scapulohumeral periarthritis, the mild pain group showed thickening of the shoulder posterior capsule (2.02 ± 0.72) mm with clear edges. In the moderate pain group, the thickness of the shoulder posterior capsule gradually narrowed (1.01 ± 0.38) mm and became even thinner than that of the unaffected side, with irregular and blurred edges. In the severe pain group, the thickness of the shoulder posterior capsule largely returned to normal (1.21 ± 0.42) mm, and the edge was clear. Multivariate logistic regression showed that in addition to musculoskeletal ultrasound parameters, the length of service, work nature, and the busy degree of work of patients with periarthritis of the shoulder were significant factors that influenced shoulder periarthritis pain (P < .05). The performance of the proposed intelligent auscultation algorithm was further examined in a clinical setting, in which we used 165 clinical musculoskeletal ultrasound samples (including 81 positive and 84 negative samples) as a test set. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.833, 0.872, and 0.801, respectively. Musculoskeletal ultrasound combined with artificial intelligence algorithm is a new diagnostic and staging tool for scapulohumeral periarthritis.

Correlation between Cardiac Ultrasound-Related Indicators and Cardiac Function in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease and Heart Failure.

Objective The purpose of this paper is to analyse the correlation between cardiac ultrasound-related indicators and cardiac function in patients with coronary heart disease and heart failure. Methods In this experiment, a total of 160 patients with coronary heart disease and heart failure who were diagnosed and treated in our hospital from June 2019 to March 2021 were recruited as the study group. All were examined by colour Doppler ultrasound instrument, SPSS statistical software was used to analyse the data obtained, and Spearman correlation was used to analyse the correlation between cardiac ultrasound-related indicators and cardiac function in patients with coronary heart disease and heart failure. Results In the study group, there were 68 patients with grade II cardiac function, accounting for 42.50%; 74 patients with grade III, accounting for 46.25%; and 18 patients with grade IV, accounting for 11.25%. The ultrasound parameters of the patients in the study group were profiled and calculated, and then statistically analysed with cardiac function grading. Cardiac function classification was significantly positively correlated with LVMI, LAD, and LVEDd (r = 0.689/0.915/0.928, P=0.001) and significantly negatively correlated with CI, LVFS, and LVEF (r = −0.689/−0.878/−0.912), P=0.001). Conclusion Cardiac ultrasound-related indicators are associated with patients with coronary heart disease and heart failure. With the decline of cardiac function in patients with coronary heart disease and heart failure, the patient's condition is aggravated. Therefore, cardiac ultrasound-related indicators play a major role in the diagnosis of clinical disease progression.

Application of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Combined with Elastic Imaging Technology in Differential Diagnosis of Salivary Gland Tumors.

This paper proposes the effect of contrast-enhanced ultrasound combined with real-time elastic imaging technology in the differential diagnosis of salivary gland tumors. 200 patients were selected, including 120 males and 60 females. The age ranged from 9 to 83 years, with an average of 55.4 years. Among the 200 cases, there were 90 cases of single parotid gland on the right, 77 cases of single parotid gland on the left, 2 cases of bilateral (single parotid gland on each side), 2 cases of multiple parotid gland on the right (2 lesions), 1 case of 2 lesions on the left and 1 lesion on the right, and 1 case of multiple parotid gland on the left (4 lesions). 135 cases were located in the superficial lobe (78%) and 38 cases (22%) in the deep lobe of parotid gland. The ARIETTA 70 color Doppler ultrasound diagnostic instrument is used. The equipment is equipped with high-frequency contrast probe, real-time elastic imaging technology, and related software. The results showed that the detection rate of salivary gland tumors by ultrasound was 100% and the diagnostic coincidence rate was 71% (123/173). Ultrasound can not only identify the tumors in and around the parotid gland but also identify the location, size, and internal structure of the tumors. Combined with CDFI, it can make qualitative diagnosis of most benign and malignant salivary gland tumors and provide help for clinical treatment and operation plan. It is proved that contrast-enhanced ultrasound and real-time elastic imaging technology have advantages over gray-scale ultrasound in differentiating benign and malignant superficial enlarged lymph nodes, and the combined use can effectively improve the diagnostic efficiency.

Mechanism of Radix Astragali and Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Ameliorates Hypertensive Renal Damage.

Hypertensive-induced renal damage (HRD) is an important public health and socioeconomic problem worldwide. The herb pair Radix Astragali- (RA-) Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae (RS) is a common prescribed herbal formula for the treatment of HRD. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The purpose of our study is to explore the mechanism of combination of Radix Astragali (RA) and Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae (RS) ameliorating HRD by regulation of the renal sympathetic nerve. Thirty 24-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) as the experimental group were randomly divided into the RA group, the RS group, the RA+RS group, the valsartan group, and the SHR group and six age-matched Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) as the control group. After 4 weeks of corresponding drug administration, venipuncture was done to collect blood and prepare serum for analysis. A color Doppler ultrasound diagnostic instrument was used to observe renal hemodynamics. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), angiotensin II (Ang II), and B-type brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). Simultaneously, the kidneys were removed immediately and observed under a transmission electron microscope to observe the ultrastructural changes. And the concentration of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1), and nitric oxide (NO) was detected by immunohistochemistry. Our results showed that renal ultrasonography of rats showed no significant difference in renal size among groups. The RA+RS group had obviously decreased vascular resistance index. The levels of NE, E, BNP, Ang II, AT1, and TGF-β1 were decreased (P < 0.05), and the density of NO was increased. Pathological damage of the kidney was alleviated. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested sympathetic overexpression in the pathogenesis of HRD. The combination of RA and RS may inhibit the hyperexcitability of sympathetic nerves and maintain the normal physiological structure and function of kidney tissue and has a protective effect on the cardiovascular system.

Effect of diagnostic ultrasound on corneal apoptosis in rats

Purpose: To investigate the effect of diagnostic ultrasound on corneal apoptosis in rats.Methods: 24 male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, 10, 20 and 30 min group. The eyeballs of rats were irradiated continuously for different time lengths by Siemens ACUSON S2000 color Doppler ultrasound diagnostic instrument. 24 hours later, the animals were killed and the corneas were taken for Tunel apoptosis detection. The apoptosis rates of corneal epithelial cells, stromal cells and endothelial cells were calculated.Results: Apoptotic cells were detected in corneal epithelial cells, stromal cells and endothelial cells of normal rats. There was no significant difference between the 10 min group and the control group (P&gt;0.05). The apoptosis rate of 20 min and 30 min groups was significantly higher than that of the control group. With the extension of irradiation time, the apoptosis rate of corneal epithelial cells, stromal cells and endothelial cells increased.Conclusion: 20 min of rat eyeball irradiated by diagnostic ultrasound can increase the apoptosis of corneal cells, and the apoptosis is aggravated with the prolongation of ultrasound irradiation time.&#x0D; Keywords: Cornea; Ultrasonography; Apoptosis; Epithelial cells

The Value of Obstetric Ultrasound in Screening Fetal Nervous System Malformation

The article uses ultrasound imaging standard section to examine the fetal central nervous system (CNS) in early pregnancy, combined with ultrasound imaging in the diagnosis of fetal CNS malformation in the middle and late pregnancy, to determine the feasibility of ultrasound imaging in the detection of CNS abnormalities in the first trimester of the fetus. The article selected 2701 pregnant women from the Department of Ultrasound in our hospital from November 2012 to November 2016 to screen for the transparent layer of the fetal neck in early pregnancy, with a total of 2751 cases. The article uses Madison V20 and Madison XG color Doppler ultrasound diagnostic instruments, the probe frequency is measured from 2.0-3.5 MHz, grouped according to gestational age, the statistical section of the case is displayed, and the transparent layer of the neck value is used to count the ultrasound image during early pregnancy. The detection of the CNS malformation by the standard section examination and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the diagnosis may affect the cause of the CNS display rate. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the ultrasound standard section in the diagnosis of fetal CNS malformation in early pregnancy were 85.7%, 100%, 100%, and 99.9%, respectively. Through research, it is found that the use of ultrasound imaging standard section can effectively diagnose fetal CNS severe deformity in early pregnancy, and the detection rate of CNS malformation in early pregnancy is 85.7%. At the same time, the number of positive cases and CNS malformations in this group were few. The positive cases detected in early pregnancy were severe malformations of the CNS. The diagnosis of other CNS malformations in the fetus needs further study.

16 False-positive rate after anticipation of early pregnancy diagnosis for resynchronization of ovulation in Bos indicus heifers

The objective was to determine the incidence of false-positive pregnancy diagnosis following the use of colour Doppler ultrasonography 20 and 22 days after fixed-time AI (FTAI) in Bos indicus heifers submitted to resynchronization 14 days after first FTAI. In the study, 512 Nellore heifers at 24.5±0.8 months of age and body condition score of 3.4±0.1 were used beginning 14 days after FTAI. On Day 14, heifers received 50mg of short-acting progesterone (Afisterone®, CEVA, São Paulo, Brazil) and a progesterone device (Prociclar®, CEVA). Eight days later (Day 22), the progesterone device was removed. A duplex B-mode (grayscale) and pulse-wave colour Doppler ultrasound instrument (M5, Mindray, Shenzhen, China) equipped with a multifrequency linear transducer was used for the examination of luteal blood flow on Days 20 and 22. The percentage of luteal area with colour Doppler signals of blood flow at each examination was determined as previously described (Ginther 2007) and was classified as low [corpus luteum (CL) with less than 25% vascularized area], intermediate (CL with 25-75% vascularized area), or high (CL with more than 75% vascularized area). Heifers with intermediate and high luteal blood flow were diagnosed as pregnant by Doppler ultrasonography, and heifers with low luteal blood flow were diagnosed as nonpregnant. Heifers diagnosed as pregnant by Doppler ultrasonography were examined 30 days after FTAI by B-mode ultrasound examination for pregnancy diagnosis and to determine the number of false positives (heifers pregnant by Doppler ultrasonography and nonpregnant by B-mode ultrasonography). Statistical analysis was performed by the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Pregnancy rate by Doppler ultrasonography [Day 20=60.5% (310/512), Day 22=55.3% (283/512); P=0.10] and false-positive percentage [Day 20=29.7% (92/310), Day 22=23.0% (65/2830); P=0.06] were similar on pregnancy diagnoses by Doppler ultrasonography performed 20 and 22 days after FTAI. Furthermore, in the period from 20 to 22 days after FTAI, luteolysis was verified in 5.8% (30/512) of heifers. In conclusion, anticipation of pregnancy diagnosis in 2 days by evaluation of luteal blood flow with colour Doppler ultrasonography (20 days after FTAI) does not interfere with pregnancy rate by Doppler ultrasound and percentage of false positives in Bos indicus heifers.

EP21.06: Application of transvaginal three‐dimensional ultrasound OmniView and four‐dimensional hysterosalpingo‐contrast‐sonography in female infertility

To contrast transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound free anatomy and hysterosalpingography combined with four-dimensional ultrasound. A retrospective analysis of 175 cases of infertility patients in our hospital from January 2013 to September 2017. Ultrasound examination using Voluson E8 four-dimensional colour Doppler ultrasound diagnostic instrument. Step one, routine two-dimensional ultrasound examination of the uterus and bilateral ovaries. Step two, start the three-dimensional measurement program using OmniView mode, select the Line, Curve, Trace or Polyline method for the uterus in different positions, and sample The line is adjusted to the central position of the endocardium and parallel to the line of the endocardium. Step three, four-dimensional contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination. Among the 175 cases, 8 cases had intrauterine adhesions, 12 cases had uterine polyps, 1 case had single uterine horn, and 1 case had incomplete septate uterus. Four-dimensional contrast-enhanced ultrasonography revealed 46 cases of tubal obstruction. Using pathological results as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, positive response rate, and negative response rate of uterine polyps diagnosed by OmniView were 91.67% (11/12), 18.75% (3/16), 4.88, and 0.1 respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive response rate, and negative response rate of OmniView technique for diagnosing intrauterine adhesions were 87.50% (7/8), 25.00% (3/20), 3.5, and 0.15, respectively. The total coincidence rate of laparoscopic dye-fluid assay for judging tubal patency was 95.83% (46/48). The two methods had higher consistency (Kappa=0.804, P<0.001). The combination of transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound-free anatomy and hysterosalpingogram four-dimensional contrast-enhanced ultrasound can make a comprehensive assessment of the uterine cavity fallopian tube in a systematic examination, which is helpful for the diagnosis of clinical infertility. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.

Study on changes of calpain and myocardial damage in rats with burn-blast combined injury

37 degrees' warm water for 12 s; Burn group: 94 degrees' boiling water for 12 s; Blast group: 5 g cyclonite explode in 75 cm distance from left chest wall of rat; Burn-blast group: burn group and blast group combined modeling method. At 6, 24, 48, 72 h observation points after injury, abdominal aorta blood samples and myocardial specimen were collected. Left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), left ventricular fractional shortening index (FS) were measured through color Doppler ultrasound instrument; Myocardial tissue was stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE); serum cardiac troponin I (CTnI) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) were detected; detection of cell apoptosis in myocardial tissue was performed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP notch labeling technique (Tunel). Expression levels of calpain mRNA level and protein were detected with Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western imprinting method analysis; calpain activity was detected by fluorescence spectrophotometry. Results: The injury of burn-blast combined injured rats was obvious, including myocardial interstitial edema, large area of myocardial cell degeneration and disintegration and the number of neutrophil infiltration increased. Cardiac function decreased 24 h after injury in burn group, blast group, burn-blast group; both EF and FS were significant lower than those of control group (all P<0.05). FS at 48, 72 h and EF at 72 h in burn-blast group were significantly lower than those of burn group, blast group at the same time points (all P<0.05); the level of cTnI in burn-blast group rose and was higher than control group at all time points, higher than the burn group, blast group at 48 h (all P<0.05). CK-MB in burn-blast group rats increased after injury, lowered at 24 h and rose again at 48 h. The level was significantly higher than control group and burn group (both P<0.05). Comparing to control group, myocardial apoptosis index in burn group, blast group and burn-blast group were significantly increased (all P<0.05). Those of burn group (25.3±4.0) at 24 h and (28.8±5.3) at 48 h were significantly lowered than burn-blast group (43.3±9.4), (53.3±10.4) at same time points, and burn group (31.9±6.7) at 72 h was significantly higher than blast group (17.3±6.3) (all P<0.05). Compared to control group, Calpain mRNA and protein expression in myocardial tissue were significantly increased in burn-blast group at all time points (all P<0.05). Calpain activity reached the peak at 24 h after injury, then gradually declined, and was significantly higher than control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Calpain expression and activity increase in burn-blast combined injured rats which leads to myocardial damage.

A Color-Doppler Shear-Wave-Imaging Phase-reconstruction Method Using Four Color Flow Images.

This study investigates shear wave phase map reconstruction using a limited number of color flow images (CFIs) acquired with a color Doppler ultrasound imaging instrument. We propose an efficient reconstruction method to considerably reduce the number of CFIs required for reconstruction and compare this method with Fourier analysis-based color Doppler shear wave imaging. The proposed method uses a two-step phase reconstruction process, including an initial phase map derived from four CFIs using an advanced iterative algorithm of optical interferometry. The second step reduces phase artifacts in the initial phase map using an iterative correction procedure that cycles between the Fourier and inverse Fourier domains while imposing directional filtering and total variation regularization. We demonstrate the efficacy of this method using synthetic and experimental data of a breast phantom and human breast tissue. Our results show that the proposed method maintains image quality and reduces the number of CFIs required to four; previous methods have required at least 32 CFIs to achieve equivalent image quality. The proposed method is applicable to real-time shear wave elastography using a continuous shear wave produced by a mechanical vibrator.

Apixaban Inhibits Cerebral Microembolic Signals Derived from Carotid Arterial Thrombosis in Rabbits.

Cerebral microembolic signal (MES) is an independent predictor of stroke risk and prognosis. The objective of this study is to assess the effects of apixaban, as a representative of the novel oral anticoagulant class, on a rabbit model of cerebral MES. A clinical transcranial Doppler ultrasound instrument was used to assess MESs in the middle cerebral artery in a 30% FeCl3-induced carotid arterial thrombosis model in male New Zealand White rabbits. Ascending doses of apixaban were evaluated as monotherapy and in combination with aspirin on both arterial thrombosis and MES. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic responses were also evaluated. The effective dose for 50% inhibition (ED50) of thrombus formation for monotherapy was 0.04 mg/kg per hour apixaban, i.v. (0.03 μM plasma exposure) for the integrated blood flow, 0.13 mg/kg per hour apixaban (0.10 μM plasma exposure) for thrombus weight, and 0.03 mg/kg per hour apixaban (0.02 μM plasma exposure) for MES. Dual treatment with aspirin (5 mg/kg, PO) and apixaban (0.015 mg/kg per hour, i.v.) resulted in a significant reduction in cerebral MES (P < 0.05) compared with monotherapy with either agent. Pharmacokinetic analysis of apixaban and pharmacodynamic assays using activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT) for apixaban- and arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation for aspirin were used to confirm the exposure-response relationships. In summary, our study demonstrates that apixaban in a concentration-dependent manner inhibits both arterial thrombosis and MES, suggesting a potential association between factor Xa (FXa) blockade and the reduction in MES in patients at risk of ischemic stroke.

98 UTERINE INVOLUTION AND VASCULAR PERFUSION DURING EARLY POSTPARTUM IN MARES

In horses, a rapid involution of the uterus occurs right after parturition, allowing the reestablishment of a favourable uterine environment for embryo development. However, limited evidence is found regarding the vascular events during puerperal period in mares. We aimed to evaluate the morphological (size of uterus and uterine fluid content) and haemodynamic (endometrial and mesometrial vascular perfusion) characteristics of the uterine involution process. Mares (n = 10) were evaluated by transrectal ultrasonography from the first day postpartum (d1) to the sixteenth day after first ovulation (D0 = ovulation). For ultrasound exams, a duplex B-mode and Doppler ultrasound instrument (M5 VET; Mindray Medical International Limited, China) equipped with a transrectal transducer was used. The previously pregnant (PH) and nonpregnant (NPH) horns were individually evaluated. Data were analysed for the main effects of horns (PH and NPH), day, and their interaction, using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS software (9.3 version; SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Discrete variables were analysed by ANOVA. A reduction (P &lt; 0.05) in the uterine diameter was observed during the first 7 days postpartum, but the rate of uterine involution (decrease in uterine size) decreased thereafter. The involution was complete around the d21 for the NPH and around d24 for the PH. Presence of uterine luminal fluid (mm) was increased between d1 (no fluid) and d2 (31.41 ± 2.88) postpartum, followed by a decrease between d4 (30.43 ± 4.52) and d7 (10.20 ± 1.76). No fluid was observed after d16 postpartum or after the third day postovulation (D3). For endometrial and mesometrial vascular perfusion, only a day effect (P &lt; 0.05) was observed. An increase in the endometrial and mesometrial vascularization was detected, respectively, between d1 and d4, and between d1 and d2. Vascular perfusion did not differ after d4 for endometrial tissue, whereas it was reduced (P &lt; 0.05) between d2 and d10 for mesometrium. For the vascular perfusion after ovulation, an increase (P &lt; 0.05) from D0 to D5, followed by a decrease (P &lt; 0.05) between D5 and D11 and an increase (P &lt; 0.05) between D11 and D14 was observed in the endometrial and mesometrial tissues. The profile of the vascular perfusion in endometrium and mesometrium after first ovulation postpartum is similar to that observed during oestrous cycles and early pregnancy, indicating a return of the uterus to the pre-pregnant uterine characteristics in mares.Research was supported by FAPESP process no. 2010/10692-9 and CNPq process no. 135954/2011-8.

Effect of the human albumin infusion speed on the hemodynamics in the liver cirrhosis patients with portal hypertension

Objective To explore the suitable human albumin infusion speed in the liver cirrhosis patients with portal hypertension .Methods Fifty-eight portal hypertension patients need to infusion human albumin（50 ml,20%） were chosen and divided into the control group （n =30） and the experimental group （ n=28） by using the coin toss method .The control group received the infusion speed of 25 gtt/min for 45 min, and the experimental group received the infusion speed of 33 gtt/min for 30 min.The portal vein inside diameter （Dpv）, mean blood flow velocity （Vpv）, blood flow volume （Qpv） and the portal vein pressure measured by the color doppler ultrasound diagnostic instrument were compared at different times between two groups .Results At the end of the infusion, the Dpv,Vpv,Qpv and the portal vein pressure in the control group were （13.03 ± 2.01）mm,（9.40 ±2.06）cm/s,（782.29 ±313.02）ml/min and （2.747 ±0.348）kPa respectively, compared with the experimental group, and the differences were not statistically significant （t=-0.04,0.81,0.46,0.55, respectively;P〉0.05）.Conclusions It is feasible to input 10 g human albumin （50 ml,20%） during 30 min for the portal hypertension patients . Key words: Liver cirrhosis; Portal hypertension; Human albumin; Infusion speed; Homodynamic

Evaluation of peripheral neuropathy of lower limbs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by high-frequency ultrasonography

Objective To observe the abnormalities of femoral and saphenous nerves in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with or without diabetic periphery neuropathy (DPN) by high-frequency ultrasonography. Methods Eighty-one T2DM patients were enrolled and divided into 2 groups: group B (T2DM without DPN, N = 40), group C (T2DM with DPN, N = 41). Forty-two healthy subjects were enrolled as control group (group A). LOGIQ-E9 color Doppler ultrasound instrument was used. Between inguinal ligment and inguinal fold, the femoral nerve was slightly hyperechoic with reticular structure near by the femoral artery on transverse section. In the inner thigh, the saphenous nerve was slightly hyperechoic with reticular structure along with adductor canal on transverse section. The internal echo and succession of the two nerves in 3 groups were observed. The width, thickness and cross-sectional areas of the two nerves were measured and compared. Results In group A, the internal echo of the two nerves appeared as slightly hyperechoic with reticular structure on transverse section, and strips of hypoechogenicity and parallel structure of slightly hyperechogenicity on longitudinal section. Compared with group A, the internal echo of group B was decreased slightly, and the reticular structure was slightly obscure and strips of echo on longitudinal section were less clear; while the internal echo of group C was decreased obviously, the reticular structure was not clear and strips of echo on longitudinal section were obscure. Compared with group A, both the width ( P = 0.000, for all), thickness ( P = 0.023, 0.036) and cross-sectional area ( P = 0.000, for all) of femoral nerve and the width ( P = 0.010, 0.014), thickness ( P = 0.001, for all) and cross-sectional area ( P = 0.002, 0.004) of saphenous nerve in group B and C were increased. Besides, compared with group B, thickness ( P = 0.048, 0.012) and cross-sectional area ( P = 0.031, 0.034) of femoral and saphenous nerves in group C were increased. Conclusions The abnormalities of internal echo and measurement of the trunk of femoral and saphenous nerves in patients of T2DM with or without DPN can be displayed clearly by high-frequency ultrasonography. It can provide objective basis for clinical diagnosis with great significance. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2014.04.015

Preliminary evaluation of transesophageal echocardiography in patients with serious calcific aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic Corevalve implantation

Objective To explore the evaluation of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in patients with serious calcific aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic Corevalve implantation(TAVI).Methods Eleven patients with serious calcific aortic stenosis underwent TAVI.Philips iE33 color Doppler ultrasound diagnostic instrument was used,equipped with transesophageal probe X7-2t.Aortic valve lesions area and degree,aortic root dimension,inner diameter of ascending aorta were evaluated before Corevalve implantation by TEE.The position of balloon was monitoring during implantation,Corevalves functior and positon after implantation were observed.Results TAVI for nine subjects were succeeded.Other two subjects reached the ideal result after 2 Corevalve implantation.The Corevalve postion was stable.Aortic peak gradient [(89.82 ± 25.84)mmHg vs (19.18 ± 5.65) mmHg,P ＜0.01] and mean pressure gradient [(55.00 ± 20.05)mmHg vs (9.91 ± 3.02)mmHg,P ＜0.01] declined obviously,effective aortic valve area increased markedly [(0.57± 0.16)cm2 vs (1.55 ± 0.31)cm2,P ＜0.01].Conclusions TAVI was an effective treatment for patient with serious calcific aortic stenosis,TEE played an important role during TAVI. Key words: Echocardiography, transesophageal; Aortic valve stenosis; Heart valve prosthesis implantation

Carotid Artery Modeling Using the Navier-Stokes Equations for an Incompressible, Newtonian and Axisymmetric Flow

This paper describes two-dimensional (2D) structural and hemodynamics model of the carotid artery and its bifurcation using computational software (CS). The Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE), which was introduced in a finite element system, was utilized as a numerical technique. The structural modeling of the carotid arteries about the bifurcation area was constructed from computed tomography (CT) scans using computer-aided design (CAD) and the Lagrangian formulation was used for the structural domain. The blood was considered as an incompressible Newtonian fluid, and Eulerian reference was applied for its domain. Coupling of the reference systems was carried out on arbitrary computational grid permitting numerical modeling of hemodynamics as governed by 2D axially symmetric incompressible Navier-Stokes equations (NSE). The results for hemodynamic simulations were compared with the physiological blood velocity obtained using the Doppler ultrasound instrument.