Doppler Mapping Research Articles

Options of the placental dysfunction correction in women with preeclampsia

Background. Placental dysfunction (PD) is one of the most common complications of pregnancy, which has not only medical but also social significance. The links of the PD pathogenesis include endothelial dysfunction, hemodynamic disorders of the placental vessels, disorders of arterial and venous blood flow in the placenta.
 Objective. To study diagnostic methods and possibilities of PD correction in women with preeclampsia (PE).
 Materials and methods. The study involved 68 women with PE in the II and III trimesters of pregnancy, treated at the multidisciplinary clinic of the Tashkent Medical Academy during 2017-2019. Patients underwent standard clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination with color Doppler mapping of vessels of the uterine-placental-fetal system and ultrasound evaluation of the fetoplacental system.
 Results and discussion. Premature aging of the placenta was found in 77.3 % of cases, turbid amniotic fluid – in 59.09 %, oligohydramnion – in 27.3 %. Disorders of uteroplacental blood flow were detected in 28.3 % of cases, placentofetal blood flow – in 26.7 %. Impaired blood flow at both levels without critical values occurred in 10 % of pregnant women. In case of insufficiency of a blood circulation of 2nd grade the syndrome of fetal growth restriction was observed in 16,7 % of cases. Compensated forms of PD were subject to the comprehensive treatment with the addition of infusions of L-arginine (Tivortin, “Yuria-Pharm”) in the inpatient phase and oral administration of Tivortin aspartate in the outpatient phase. The length of the fetal thigh in the group of L-arginine at the beginning of treatment was 47.33 mm, which was by 9.04 % less than this parameter in physiological pregnancy. After treatment with Tivortin, in the full-term period, no significant difference was found. In pregnant women who received L-arginine at 25-29 weeks of pregnancy, after 2 weeks, the resistance indices (RI) of the umbilical artery and uterine artery decreased from 0.68±0.09 to 0.58±0.05 and from 0,58±0.16 to 0.43±0.08, respectively. The RI of the middle cerebral artery increased from 1.05±0.23 to 1.27±0.19. Parameters of RI dynamics indicate that the early treatment with Tivortin is more effective than late.
 Conclusions. 1. Regardless of the presence of fetal growth restriction syndrome in women with disorders of uterine-placental-fetal circulation, it is advisable to include L-arginine in the treatment to prevent this condition. 2. Ultrasound examination is a reliable method for evaluating the effectiveness of PD treatment.

Echocardiographic evaluation of ventricular septal defects.

Ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are the most common forms of acyanotic congenital heart disease accounting for 37% of congenital heart disease in children. A VSD is defined by parts of the ventricular septum involved. There are four major types of VSDs: perimembranous, muscular, outlet, and inlet VSDs. Echocardiography is the most important clinical tool to help diagnose and characterize a VSD. Although most VSDs are clinically nonsignificant or close on their own, echocardiography with Doppler and color flow mapping can be used to provide accurate anatomic and hemodynamic evaluation of VSDs in order to determine if surgical or transcatheter-based intervention is needed. Hence, understanding how to use echocardiography to characterize VSDs is of crucial importance when caring for patients with adult congenital heart disease.

Early fetal cardiac scan as an element of the sonographic first-trimester screening.

Early fetal cardiac scan (EFCS) is becoming an increasingly common element of the first trimester ultrasound screening carried out at 11-14 gestational weeks. It offers the first possibility to detect congenital heart defects (CHD) or, in ambiguous cases, to identify those pregnancies where a more detailed cardiac scan would be required later in pregnancy. The size of the fetal heart at the end of the first trimester and the associated relatively low image resolution make it impossible to capture all cardiac data to inform the ultimate picture. However, even at this stage, cues of anatomical and functional abnormalities can be picked up, which suggest not only a CHD, but also a likelihood of cardiovascular symptoms typical of genetic disorders. EFCS should focus on cardiac position, atrioventricular (AV) connections, AV valve function, initial assessment of ventriculo-arterial (VA) connections and the presence of red flag signs in the three vessel and trachea view (3VTV). Proper use of color Doppler mapping makes it possible to overcome the low resolution of B-mode to a certain extent. Here we present our long-term experience in EFCS.

Possibilities of the correction of placental dysfunction in women with preeclampsia

Objective. To study the possibilities of diagnosing placental dysfunction and its correction in women with preeclampsia.
 Materials and methods. 72 women with preeclampsia in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy were examined at the multidisciplinary clinic of the Tashkent Medical Academy from 2017 to 2019. All women underwent: clinical, laboratory, echography, color Doppler mapping of the vessels of the uteroplacental-fetal system with Doppler analysis of blood flow velocity.
 Results and discussion. Diagnostic criteria for placental dysfunction: the placenta acquires its echographic picture at the beginning of the 2nd trimester of pregnancy. During the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy, the thickness of the placenta corresponds to 2-3.6 cm. A decrease of <2 cm is regarded as hypoplasia, an increase >4 cm as hyperplasia. Premature aging of the placenta was detected in 77.3 % of cases, the presence of cysts of the placental tissue – in 4.5 %, turbid amniotic fluid – 59.09 %, oligohydramnios – in 27.3 %. At 24th week, the fetal thigh length lag was less by 9.04 % (p<0.05). Doppler criteria for placental dysfunction: in almost equal proportions there are circulatory disorders in the uteroplacental and fetal-placental blood flow (28.2 and 27.7 %). Treatment of placental dysfunction in compensated form: was carried out according to the generally accepted method according to the national guidelines; 4.2 g of L-arginine (Tivortin, “Yuria-Pharm”, Ukraine) was added to the complex therapy in the hospital in dosage 100 ml per day for 7 days. Then Tivortin aspartate was continued on an outpatient basis, orally, 20 ml (1 table spoon 4 times per day, 20 days). The effectiveness of therapy was monitored again after 2 weeks.
 Conclusions. Timely initiation of therapy for uterine-fetal-placental blood flow disorders in the 2nd trimester was more effective than in the 3rd.

Ovarian reserve in patients with borderline ovarian tumors after surgical treatment

Borderline ovarian tumors are often diagnosed in women under the age of 40 years (31.8 %), which determines the need to optimize the management of this cohort of patients, taking into account the possibility of maintaining their reproductive function. Purpose of the study. Assessment of the ovarian reserve based on a comprehensive sonographic diagnosis of the ovarian reserve in patients of reproductive age with borderline ovarian tumors. Materials and methods. Group I (n = 103) included patients with borderline serous epithelial ovarian tumors. Group II (n = 95) was formed from women with mucinous epithelial ovarian tumors. Comparison group III (n = 189) included patients with benign ovarian cystadenomas. Ultrasound scanning of the pelvic organs and color Doppler mapping (DLC) were performed using Aloka 3500, Semiens G‑60 ultrasound scanners operating in real time and equipped with a pulsed doppler using a 3.5 MHz convex sensor and a 7.5 MHz transvaginal sensor. Results. The number of antral follicles does not depend on the volume of the ovary. The healthy remaining ovarian tissue of the ovary is most pronounced in groups I and III, significantly less represented in group II (p ≤ 0.0001). Three months after adnexectomy, ovulatory function in the intact (healthy) ovary was preserved in 71% (n = 49) of women from group I; in 89% (n = 73) of patients of group II and in 93% (n = 25) of respondents of group III, with a predominance in group II (φ* = 2.7; p ≤ 0.0010 and φ* = 1.6; p ≤ 0.0500). After a conservative operation, the function of the operated (resected) ovary detected ovulation in 62% (n = 21) of group I participants; 68% (n = 9) of women of group II and 86% (n = 139) of patients of group III. After 6 months, an increase in the number of antral ovaries and the number of ovulations with a predominance of ovarian reserve in group III (p ≤ 0.0010 and p ≤ 0.0001) was generally observed. Conclusions. Integrated ultrasound is a reliable and objective method that evaluates the features of the ovulatory reserve in patients with borderline and benign ovarian tumors, which makes it possible to formulate a prognosis of a woman’s reproductive health after various types of surgical treatment.

THE CONDITION OF UTEROPLACENTAL HEMODYNAMICS IN PREGNANT WOMEN AS A RESULT OF THE ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES APPLICATION

The aim of research. To study in the dynamics of the First trimester of pregnancy the features of hemodynamics in pregnant women after ART .Materials and methods. 299 pregnant women were comprehensively examined: the main group included 249 women whose pregnancy occurred as a result of the ART application. The control group consisted of 50 pregnant women with spontaneous pregnancy and its physiological course, which were registered in antenatal clinic at 6-8 weeks. The I group included 94 women with tubal-peritoneal factor of infertility, the II group was formed by 87 women with endocrine factor of infertility, and the III group included 68 women whose infertility is caused by the male factor.Common clinical and laboratory tests were performed on pregnant women of the examined groups, which included a General analysis of blood, urine, and Doppler measurements of uterine arteries indicators.The results of the research and their discussion. Determination of utero-placental hemodynamics in women of the main group after the ART application indicates the need for their dynamic monitoring during the I trimester of pregnancy.As a result of the analysis of the obtained data, it was found that the highest intensity of hemodynamics in the uterine artery basin at 11-12 weeks of gestation was registered in the group of patients with the physiological course of pregnancy. Thus, the systolic-diastolic ratio in the right and left uterine arteries in these patients was 1,9 (1,8-2,7) and 2,1 (1,9-2,6), respectively.In contrast to the subjects with uncomplicated course (group IV), in pregnant women after the ART application analyzed indicators were significantly higher (1,6 – 1,9 times, p<0,0001). The systolic-diastolic ratio in the right uterine artery in group III was 3,0 (2,4-3,5), and in group I – 3,3 (3,1- 3,4). Similar data were obtained during the curves of blood flow rates analyses the in the left uterine artery – 2,9 (2,1-3,5) and 3,0 (2,7-3,6), respectively.The highest peripheral resistance, both in the right (3,6 (3,4-3,7)) and in the left (3,5 (3,2-3,8)) uterine arteries, was registered naturally in group II pregnant women.Own research has shown that the vast majority of 36 (72,0%) patients with uncomplicated course and favorable gestational outcome at 11-12 weeks of pregnancy did not register blood flow in the interval space. Less than one-third of the patients - 14 (28,0%) color Doppler mapping revealed continuous venous-like blood flow. Arterioid-like pulsating type of flow does not reveal any one pregnant in this group.In contrast, the vast majority - 50 (73,5%) of group I pregnant women registered two types of blood flow in the intervertebral space: pulsating arterioid and continuous venous flow. Only 18 (26,5%) patients of this group the blood flow in intervention space was not determined.Conclusions. The results of the research allow us to attribute Doppler to highly informative research methods, which makes it possible to predict pregnancy complications in pregnant women as a result of art quite effectively. Pregnant women with no hemodynamic abnormalities in the utero-placental pool in combination with normal ultrasound data, including assessment of the fetal condition, constitute a group with a truly low risk of an adverse outcome

Latent class analysis for exploring distribution patterns of primary superficial venous insufficiency.

This study aims to identify specific segmental distribution patterns of lower extremity chronic venous disease based on latent class analysis of Doppler mapping results. A total of 1,871 lower extremities of 1,218 treatment-naïve patients (536 males, 682 females; mean age 45.4 years; range, 21 to 87 years) with chronic venous disease referred for Doppler examination between September 2009 and August 2018 were included. Refluxing superficial venous segments of the lower extremities were mapped and recorded in database in 10 distinct anatomic locations as follows: saphenofemoral junction and proximal greater saphenous vein, mid and distal thigh greater saphenous vein, anterior and posterior accessory saphenous veins, proximal and distal calf greater saphenous vein, saphenopopliteal junction and proximal lesser saphenous vein, distal lesser saphenous vein, and intersaphenous veins including Giacomini"s vein. Repeated examinations were excluded. The latent class analysis was applied to identify any possible anatomic distribution patterns of chronic venous disease. Bayesian information criteria revealed three latent class models fit for refluxing segment distribution as follows: 58.2% (n=1,089) were above-the-knee greater saphenous vein segments including saphenofemoral junction (pattern 1); 29.3% (n=548) were below-theknee greater saphenous vein segments (pattern 2); and 12.5% (n=234) were lesser saphenous vein segments and intersaphenous veins including Giacomini"s vein (pattern 3). There was no age- or sex-specific differences in the chronic venous disease distribution patterns. The latent class analysis, by identifying previously unseen subgroups within the sampled population, provides a new approach to classification of reflux patterns in chronic venous disease. Identification of latent classes may provide understanding of different pathophysiological bases of venous reflux and more optimal planning for interventions.

Estimation of efficiency of shock wave therapy in patients with chronic nonbacterial prostatitis / chronic pelvic pain syndrome

Estimation of efficiency of shock wave therapy in patients with chronic nonbacterial prostatitis / chronic pelvic pain syndrome

Multimorbidity of ischemic diseases of the visual organ and chronic cerebral ischemia in atherosclerosis

The purpose of this research was to study the features of the comorbid course of ischemic diseases of the visual organ and chronic cerebral ischemia in atherosclerosis. The material for this study was the results of complex examinations of 37 patients (74 eyes) with ischemic diseases of the visual organ in combination with chronic cerebral ischemia and atherosclerotic vascular lesions. In addition to complex ophthalmologic examination, ultra¬sound examination with color Doppler mapping of ex-tracranial and intracranial segments of the great vessels of the brain, Color-Doppler sonography and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain with tractography were used to study the peculiarities of the course of ischemic diseases of the visual organ in chronic cerebral ischemia. The quantitative characteristics of blood flow in the ves¬sels of the eye and brain were the maximum systolic, final diastolic speeds, resistance index, carotid – ophthalmic ratio.

A case of prenatal diagnosis of corpus callosum lipoma

A case of prenatal diagnosis of the corpus callosum lipoma at 32–33 weeks of gestation is presented. In a consultative examination, a hyperechoic formation with clear contours was found in the projection of the septum pellucidum, occupying the rostrum, genu, and truncus of corpus callosum, without signs of intratumorally blood flow in the color Doppler mapping mode. The prenatal diagnosis of "callosum lipoma" was established, confirmed after the birth of a child during magnetic resonance imaging.

Diagnostic significance of phlebotonometry for evaluation of indications for angioplasty and stenting of compressed iliac veins in patients with varicocele and pelvic congestion disease

The aim of the studywas to assess the information content of the phlebotonometry method when determining indications for endovascular x-ray angioplasty and stenting of the iliac veins during their arterial compression.Materials and methods.Thirty-six patients with bilateral varicocele and varicose veins of the pelvic organs were examined. The examination included assessment of the condition using the international index of erectile function, ultrasound examination of the scrotum organs with color Doppler mapping, transrectal ultrasound of the prostate and veins of the prostatic plexus, magnetic resonance imaging of the inferior vena cava and pelvic vessels, venography of the renal caval and ileocaval segments, phlebotonometry of these segments in a calm state and during the Valsalva test.Results.Pressure gradient between left and right external iliac veins &gt;2 mm Hg in a calm state was detected in 4 (11.1 %) patients, &gt;3 mm Hg with Valsalva test – in 9 (25.0 %) patients, between the left and right common iliac veins &gt;2 mm Hg in a calm state – in 3 (8.3 %) patients, &gt;3 mm Hg with a Valsalva test, in 15 (41.7 %) patients. At the same time, in 20 (55.6 %) of 36 cases, phlebotonometry data were of a contradictory logic nature, which we attribute to the insufficient sensitivity of this research method. Our data suggest that collateral circulation leads not only to varicose veins of the pelvic organs, but also to equalization of pressure in the ipsilateral segments of the iliac veins due to the law of communicating vessels.Conclusion.Phlebotonometry in the diagnosis of iliac venous compression can only be used as an additional research method. Indications for angioplasty and stenting of the iliac veins during compression should be determined on the basis of clinical data, the severity of varicose veins of the pelvic organs according to the results of transrectal ultrasound examination, the results of magnetic resonance imaging of the inferior vena cava and pelvic vessels (or computed tomography of the abdominal organs with contrast or multispiral computed tomography of the abdominal cavity organs), radiopaque phlebography and intravascular ultrasound.The author declares no conflict of interest.All patients gave written informed consent to participate in the study.

Distorted surfaces of magnetic helium-peculiar stars: an application to a Cen

ABSTRACT Helium-peculiar magnetic chemically peculiar stars show variations of helium abundance across their surfaces. As a result of associated atmospheric scale height variations, the stellar surface becomes distorted, with helium-rich regions dented inwards. Effectively, on top of flux variations due to opacity effects, the depressed helium-rich surface regions become less bright in the optical regions and brighter in the ultraviolet. We study the observational effects of the aspherical surface on the light curves of a Cen. We simulate the light curves of this star adopting surface distributions of He, N, O, Si, and Fe derived from Doppler mapping and introducing the effect of distortion proportional to helium abundance. We show that while most of the optical and UV variations of this star result from flux redistribution due to the non-uniform surface distributions of helium and iron, the reduction of light variations due to the helium-related surface distortion leads to a better agreement between simulated optical light curves and the light curves observed with the BRITE satellites.

The effectiveness of multiparametric ultrasound and compressive elastography in the early diagnosis of breast cancer

Modern ultrasound examination (US), unlike other modalities, allows to assess the stiffness of the lesions, with the help of a new technology named sonoelastography (SEG). According to many scientific studies, with the addition of SEG to the B-mode, the diagnostic efficiency of ultrasound of breast lesions significantly increases. According to Thomas et al. B-mode has a sensitivity of 91,8% and a specificity of 78%. When a compression SEG is added to a diagnostic study, the specificity increases to 91,5%. The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic effectiveness of SEG and compare it with the effectiveness of B-mode and color Doppler mapping (CDC) in the primary diagnosis of breast tumors, as well as to identify diagnostically and statistically significant SEG signs of breast cancer ( ВС ). Materials and methods . The study was performed from 2017 to 2019 on the basis of the «NMRC Oncology. named after N. N. Petrov» Ministry of Health of Russia. 277 women with complaints of lump or pain in the breast were included in the study, for all of them there was performed the multiparametric ultrasound examination with application of CDM and SEG. According to our own results, SEG is more effective at detection of malignant and benign lesions, than ultrasoumd examination in B and CDM modes. Results: 0, 1, 2, 3 elastotypes are the highly significant diagnostic signs of benign process, and the elastotype 5 is a reliable diagnostic marker of malignant process. The effectiveness of CDM and SEG in the differential diagnosis of breast lesions showed: sensitivity — 77,6% vs. 85,5%; specificity — 51,7% vs. 84,6%; accuracy — 58,8% vs. 84,8%. Conclusions: according to our own research results, SEG is more effective in detecting malignant and benign tumors than ultrasound in B and CDM modes.

113 Echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - efficacy of dual chamber pacing in reducing of gradient

Abstract Hypertrophy of the right ventricle (RV) in the course of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is found in 30-60% of cases, with the possibility of a right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (RVOTO), obstruction in the apex or the middle part of the right ventricle. A patient, aged 41, admitted due to limitation of exercise tolerance, effort dyspnea, presyncope. In an echocardiogram, interventricular septum (IVS) hypertrophy was observed up to 2.0 cm; normal size of the heart cavities; normal left ventricular systolic function (EF-70%). A color doppler mapping detected the zone of flow acceleraction and turbulent flow in right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), next a spectral doppler examination showed the RVOT obstruction with a maximal gradient of 64 mmHg. Because of the suboptimal echocardiographic imaging, a heart CT scan was performed, revealing the features of left ventricular hypertrophy, most severe at the base and the medium part of IVS (up to 25 mm). Asymmetric hypertrophy of the middle portion of the right ventricle and right ventricular outflow tract obstruction was also observed. A hemodynamic study confirmed the presence of gradient in RVOT, up to 40 mmHg. Holter electrocardiogram recorded an episode of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia. Taking into account the clinical picture, the family history of the disease, and calculated HCM Risk SCD (7.55%), the decision was made to implant a dual chamber cardioverter defibrillator. The defibrillator electrode was fixed at the apex of the right ventricle. A short AV delay was programmed for prevalent right ventricular stimulation (AV delay 100 ms), resulting in 99.6% ventricular stimulation. The control echocardiogram showed a reduction in the maximum gradient in RVOT to 24 mmHg. In addition, the patient was treated with a beta-blocker. To sum up, in the case of HCM we should always examine the RV with color and spectral doppler to exclude potential narrowing in RV. Constant AV sequential stimulation with a short AV delay is a recognized method that can be considered in symptomatic adult HCM patients with a left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. In the case described here, the above mentioned method proved effective in the significant reduction of the gradient in the right ventricular outflow tract. Abstract 113 Figure. gradient in RVOT

CURRENT STATE OF THE PROBLEM OFABNORMAL INVASION OF THE PLACENTA IN OBSTETRICS

The aim: On the basis of literature data, as well as a clinical case study, to assess the state of the problem of abnormal invasion of the placenta in obstetrics at the present stage. Materials and methods: Based on the materials of the world's leading citation databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane), a brief review of the literature data over the past 5 years is presented, dedicated to the issues of abnormal placental invasion. The possibilities of a complex of diagnostic studies and clinical management of women with an anomaly of placenta attachment are considered. A clinical case study of abnormal placental invasion is presented. Conclusions: AIP is an extremely serious condition with not fully understood etiological and pathogenic mechanisms. Correct and timely verification of this pathological condition, based on the simultaneous use of a whole complex of diagnostic studies (history taking, 2D, 3D, energy and color Doppler mapping, MRI), contributes to the development of individual tactics for the management and delivery in women with AIP, making it possible to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality and improve perinatal outcomes.

Клиническая оценка ультразвуковых маркеров внетубарных форм эктопической беременности: выбор метода оперативного пособия и принципы восстановительного лечения

Aspects of ultrasound diagnostics of extratubal forms of ectopic pregnancy are presented from the standpoint of choosing the optimal treatment tactics for patients, aimed primarily at minimiz-ing surgical procedures. The issues of diagnostics of cervical pregnancy, caesarean scar preg-nancy, ovarian pregnancy, as well as a rare indication of tubal pregnancy – interstitial pregnancy are detailed. In most cases, echography is not only decisive, but, in fact, the only method of pre-operative diagnosis. In this case, color Doppler mapping of blood flow in the vessels of the ec-topic trophoblast is of great importance, which makes it possible to assess the degree of its inva-sion and, thereby, to make adjustments to the surgical tactics. The emphasis is made on the role of rehabilitation treatment. Key words: ectopic pregnancy, extratubar forms, ultrasound diagnostics, treatment tactics, re-habilitation therapy

The role of retinal microcirculation disorders in the progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy

To assess the progression of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and to study the role of retinal microcirculation in its progression. In this 2-year prospective study, the rate of POAG progression was determined using perimetry (ROP1) and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) by thinning of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) (ROP2) and ganglion cell complex (GCC) (ROP3). The vessel density of parafoveal superficial plexus (VD parafovea) and peripapillary retina (VD ppr) was assessed using OCT angiography, peripheral resistance index (RI), and blood flow velocity in the posterior short ciliary arteries (PSCA) and central retinal artery (CRA) with the use of color Doppler mapping. The predictive properties of each parameter were calculated using the area under receiver operating curve (AUC). Progression was detected in 9.8% cases by perimetry and in 19.7% cases by OCT. The combination of these two methods increased the detection up to 32.8%. Circulatory parameters - VD parafovea (AUC 0.70±0.07), VD ppr (0.715±0.07), PSCA RI (0.801±0.12), CRA RI (0.798±0.11) - had similar high predictive properties as IOP max (0.79±0.05), corneal hysteresis (0.755±0.07), thickness of inner parafoveal layers (0.728±0.07) and RNFL (0.692±0.06). The study revealed the following correlations: ROP1 with maximum IOP (p=0.01), ROP2 with blood flow velocity in PSCA (p=0.01), VD parafovea with corneal hysteresis (p=0.01), and GCC thickness with ocular perfusion pressure (p=0.01). The obtained data demonstrates the importance of combining perimetry with OCT for detecting the progression of glaucoma and indicates its relationship with reduced ocular hemoperfusion.

AIUM Practice Parameter for the Performance of Fetal Echocardiography.

AIUM Practice Parameter for the Performance of Fetal Echocardiography.

Analysis of the Spectroscopic Observations of RS CVn Type Star V837 Tau

We present an analysis of the spectra of the star V837 Tau, which belongs to a class of chromosphere-active RSCVn type stars. The observational material was obtained with the 1.5-m Russian-Turkish telescope RTT-150 and the 2.6-m Shajn telescope of the Crimean astrophysical observatory. To reveal signs of the photosphere spottedness of the primary and to isolate the faint secondary, we performed the deconvolution of the “averaged” spectral profile of the system. By describing the radial velocity curves, we refined the orbital elements of the binary system, and by modeling spectrawe determined the fundamental parameters of the components, as well as the chemical composition of the atmosphere of the bright component. Using the Doppler mapping method we reconstructed the distribution of spots on the surface of the bright star. We show that the spots are concentrated in a belt at medium (about 40) latitudes. The hydrogen line profiles have a variable emission feature in the bright component, and the Hα line exhibits traces of chromospheric activity in the secondary.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE HYDRAULIC EFFECT OF THE BLOOD DYNAMICS AT THE EXTRASYSTOLY ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF MAINSTREAM ARTERIES

The influence of various types of extrasystole on the change in arterial hemodynamics and the morphology of changes in the wall of the mainstream arterial vessels is not well understood. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of water hammer on the hemodynamics of the main arteries in various types of extrasystoly. The study was conducted on 228 patients (122 men and 106 women) aged 43 to 76 years, the average age was 62 ± 4.3 years. For the analysis, the data apex-cardiography, daily monitoring by Holter, echocardiography, electrocardiography, sphygmography, color Doppler mapping of the vessels of the head and neck and extremities were compared. Water hammer of extrasystoles leads to mechanical damage to the endothelium of the arterial wall and serves as a trigger for inflammation and activation of the process of neolipogenesis, the formation of the atheroma. Additional hydraulic waves contribute to trauma to the vascular wall, growth and increase in area of atheromas. The described morphological changes in the vascular wall, the authors describe as «water hammer syndrome» and analyze its role and pathophysiological mechanisms of the development of vascular complications at extrasystoles and reconstructive operations on arterial vessels.