Donation System Research Articles

A View on a PHP-Based Project for A Donation and Waste Food Management System

Food waste is a problem that affects everyone. People are impacted anywhere it is present, including in our homes, schools, restaurants, grocery stores, places of business, and even in transportation. With the help of this software, hotels can give leftover food to those in need while reducing food waste. With the help of this software, users may sign up, log in, see, add, and remove products from their carts, and then log out of the system. Additionally, this software contained a real-time database. Through this app, food donors may enter information about their donations, and NGO volunteers can see the photographs of the food that each donor has contributed. Food waste is a widespread issue in our culture. Management of food waste is essential since it may increase our sustainability both economically and environmentally. We have determined how mobile technology may be used to minimize food waste management, and we have developed an android mobile application that enables restaurants or individual users to share and donate their leftover food with those in need. We intended to complete this project in order to use an Android application to lessen food waste. The visitor may log in and input the kind, quantity, and location of food that is offered in this project. The agent is then sent a brief notice. The agent at that location may log in and get the donor's data after receiving the notice. The software allows the donor to create an account, and he may log in to add the location and food data anytime there is food waste. The agent is also capable of retrieving the data and holding an account. Once the information has been retrieved, the agent may go get food from the donor and provide it to the orphans or other needy people. Food redistribution is an incredibly effective social innovation initiative that addresses food poverty and waste. Because it has a distinct account for every user, the user's information is kept private

Sowing “seeds of trust”: How trust in normothermic regional perfusion is built in a continuum of care

Normothermic regional perfusion (NRP) is a promising technology to improve organ transplantation outcomes by reversing ischemic injury caused by controlled donation after circulatory determination of death. However, it has not yet been implemented in Canada due to ethical questions. These issues must be resolved to preserve public trust in organ donation and transplantation. This qualitative, constructivist grounded theory study sought to understand how those most impacted by NRP perceived the ethical implications. We interviewed 29 participants across stakeholder groups of donor families, organ recipients, donation and transplantation system leaders, and care providers. The interview protocol included a short presentation about the purpose of NRP and procedures in abdomen versus chest and abdomen NRP, followed by questions probing potential violations of the dead donor rule and concerns regarding brain reperfusion. The results present a grounded theory placing NRP within a trust-building continuum of care for the donor, their family, and organ recipients. Stakeholders consistently described both forms of NRP as an ethical intervention, but their rationales were predicated on assumptions that neurologic criteria for death had been met following circulatory death determination. Empirical validation of these assumptions will help ground the implementation of NRP in a trust-preserving way.

Blood Donation Pattern and Characteristics of Blood Donors in Saudi Arabia

Background: Blood donation rates in Saudi Arabia are relatively low compared to other countries. Understanding the patterns and characteristics of blood donors is crucial for improving donation rates and ensuring a sustainable blood supply. This Study utilizes data from the Wateen App to examine blood donation patterns in Saudi Arabia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from individuals who registered on the Wateen App. The Study analyzed demographic information, donation frequency, blood group distribution, regional variations, temporal trends, and user satisfaction with the App. Statistical analyses were performed to identify significant findings.Results: The Study found that the majority of registered donors were male, with a higher proportion in the 25-35 age group. Most donors had donated once, while a small percentage had multiple donations. O+ blood group donors constituted the most significant proportion, followed by A+ and B+. The Eastern province had the highest incidence of registered donors. Over the years, there has been a gradual increase in the number of donors. There was no significant correlation between donation numbers and different months, seasons, or Ramadan.Conclusion: This Study provides insights into blood donation patterns in Saudi Arabia. Efforts should be made to address gender disparities, engage a wider age range of donors, promote donations among individuals with less common blood types, and improve donation infrastructure in regions with lower donation rates. The Wateen App has shown positive outcomes in enhancing donor engagement. Further research and collaborative efforts are necessary to improve the blood donation system in Saudi Arabia.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Organ Donation Among the Population of Al-Majma'ah Region, Saudi Arabia.

Organ donation plays a pivotal role in addressing the global demand for transplantable organs and saving lives. The success of organ transplantation relies not only on medical advancements but also on the willingness of communities to participate in organ donation programs. In Saudi Arabia, specifically within the Al-Majma'ah region, understanding the dynamics of knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to organ donation is crucial for promoting a sustainable and ethical organ donation system. A cross-sectional, retrospective study was utilized in this research, employing data from a sample of 564 participants from the general population of the Al-Majma'ah region, Saudi Arabia. The participants completed a self-administered questionnaire and ensured anonymity. About 545 (96.6%) respondents were familiar with the concept of organ donation, and 455 (80.7%) participants recognized the necessity for the blood groups of the donor and recipient to match before the transplant process. About 412 (73.0%) participants agreed with the practice of organ donation with 326 (57.8%) expressing support for the practice. About 417 (73.9%) participants reported that their religion permits or endorses organ donation/transplantation. A total of 151 individuals (26.8%) had a low knowledge level, with total scores below 50%(6 or lower). In contrast, 280 people (4.7%) demonstrated a moderate level of knowledge (scoring between 50% and 75%) (7 to 9). Additionally, 133 individuals (23.5%) showcased a high level of knowledge, with scores exceeding 75%(10 or higher). The study established a statistically significant association between age, marital status with p-values < 0.05 (0.001*), and the knowledge score towardorgan donation. However, genderand monthly household income were not significantly associated with knowledge score towardorgan transplant with p-values (p-value > 0.05). The research findings indicated a moderate level of knowledge and a positive attitude toward organ donation among the general population of the Al-Majma'ah region in Saudi Arabia. Age and marital status were found to be significantly associated with the knowledge score towardorgan donation. The study noted the desire and willingness to save lives through organ donation by the residents of the Al-Majma'ah region in Saudi Arabia.

Blockchain-Based Management for Organ Donation and Transplantation

Today’s organ donation and transplantation systems pose different requirements and challenges in terms of registration, donor-recipient matching, organ removal, organ delivery, and transplantation with legal, clinical, ethical, and technical constraints. Therefore, an end to-end organ donation and transplantation system is required to guarantee a fair and efficient process to enhance patient experience and trust. We propose a private Ethereum blockchain based solution to enable organ donation and transplantation management in a manner that is fully secure, traceable, auditable, private, and trustworthy. We develop smart contracts that ensure the data provenance by recording events automatically. We present algorithms with their implementation, testing, and validation details. We evaluate the performance of the proposed solution by performing privacy, security, and confidentiality analyses as well as comparing our solution with the existing solutions. Key Words: organ, donation, private, confidentiality

“I am in favour of organ donation, but I feel you should opt-in”—qualitative analysis of the #options 2020 survey free-text responses from NHS staff toward opt-out organ donation legislation in England

BackgroundIn May 2020, England moved to an opt-out organ donation system, meaning adults are presumed to be an organ donor unless within an excluded group or have opted-out. This change aims to improve organ donation rates following brain or circulatory death. Healthcare staff in the UK are supportive of organ donation, however, both healthcare staff and the public have raised concerns and ethical issues regarding the change. The #options survey was completed by NHS organisations with the aim of understanding awareness and support of the change. This paper analyses the free-text responses from the survey.MethodsThe #options survey was registered as a National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) portfolio trial [IRAS 275992] 14 February 2020, and was completed between July and December 2020 across NHS organisations in the North-East and North Cumbria, and North Thames. The survey contained 16 questions of which three were free-text, covering reasons against, additional information required and family discussions. The responses to these questions were thematically analysed.ResultsThe #options survey received 5789 responses from NHS staff with 1404 individuals leaving 1657 free-text responses for analysis. The family discussion question elicited the largest number of responses (66%), followed by those against the legislation (19%), and those requiring more information (15%). Analysis revealed six main themes with 22 sub-themes.ConclusionsThe overall #options survey indicated NHS staff are supportive of the legislative change. Analysis of the free-text responses indicates that the views of the NHS staff who are against the change reflect the reasons, misconceptions, and misunderstandings of the public. Additional concerns included the rationale for the change, informed decision making, easy access to information and information regarding organ donation processes. Educational materials and interventions need to be developed for NHS staff to address the concepts of autonomy and consent, organ donation processes, and promote family conversations. Wider public awareness campaigns should continue to promote the positives and refute the negatives thus reducing misconceptions and misunderstandings.Trial registrationNational Institute of Health Research (NIHR) [IRAS 275992].

Visitors’ Willingness to Pay for Protected Areas: A New Conservation Donation in Aso Kuju National Park

Protected areas (PAs) such as national parks face funding issues that undermine effective management. Therefore, many PAs are exploring new financial instruments, such as visitor donations, to supplement their conservation budgets. This paper investigates visitor perceptions of one such system, a new conservation donation under consideration in Aso Kuju National Park, southwest Japan, is due to be introduced. Our on-site survey at two trailheads in autumn 2022 gauged visitors’ willingness to pay (WTP) the expected JPY 500 donation. The analysis used Bayesian linear regression to look for significant predictors of WTP. Findings show that female, older, and higher-income visitors were more likely to pay the donation collectively rather than voluntarily. Prior knowledge of the donation system was also a significant predictor of WTP, but more frequent climbers were significantly less likely to pay the donation collectively, regardless of prior Kuju climbing experience, possibly due to the perceived increase in use costs. Moreover, visitors willing to pay the cooperation donation collectively are also willing to pay higher prices than those willing to pay voluntarily. The elicited WTP values confirm that the implementation of a new conservation donation could help to improve the long-term sustainable financing of PAs such as Aso Kuju while raising issues over price fairness.

The opinions of mothers with children of ages 0-2 about human milk banks: A qualitative study

Objective: This study aimed to review the opinions of mothers with children of ages 0-2 about human milk banks. Method: The study was of phenomenological design. The purposive sampling method of criteria sampling was used. Seventeen mothers of children aged 0-2 who were hospitalized in the pediatrics department of a state hospital and who consented to participate were recruited into the study. The data gathered from the discussions were grouped under themes in Colaizzi's phenomenological content analysis. Results: The mothers pointed out that they did not look positively on human milk banks because of religious concerns. The mothers stated that they would share their human milk if they knew the child and parents who gets donor human milk. Conclusion: As in organ and blood donation systems, human milk banks can be implemented under the support of the Ministry of Health, which will be instrumental in developing human milk donation protocols and registration systems. This will increase the numbers of babies benefiting from breast milk, thus extending the duration of the breastfeeding period. This in turn will result in the growth and development of healthier generations.

Rural and regional development in the age of digital platforms: platformization of the Japanese Furusato Nozei Hometown Tax Donation System

ABSTRACT We explore the Japanese regional development system, Furusato Nozei, which has been transformed radically after the entrance of private sector digital platforms. Drawing on the literature on platformization and social mission platforms, we perform thematic analysis of interview data collected from the representatives of private sector digital platforms operating in the system. Our findings show that the market dynamics that drive platformization of the Furusato Nozei system increased cross-sectoral interactions and resource distribution between urban taxpayers, rural municipalities, and local small and medium-sized enterprises. However, economic incentives also obscure the system’s original goal of rural and regional development. The results illustrate governance challenges related to public value creation in a platformized system. The conclusions show the importance of governing a delicate balance between creating economic incentives and maintaining shared social goals, while an ideological anchor such as the idea of hometown fosters the stability of the platformized system.

Charity Tracking Using Blockchain

The implementation of the “Blockchain Oriented Effective Charity Process During Pandemics and Emergencies” project involves a systematic approach to revamp the existing charitable landscape. This begins with a comprehensive analysis of stake- holder requirements, understanding the nuances of aid distribution during crises. The heart of the system lies in the development of smart contracts that automate resource allocation, donation distribution, and verification processes. The purpose is to ensure that tracking of a person’s contribution, and keeping money safe. This will help address the decline in public trust in charities. With blockchain, donations will be much higher publicly. The giver will be able to track his or her donations to help the poor, and beyond. The Donation System uses a blockchain to record everything that is done. Due to such properties of blockchains for data consistency and resistance, it further enhances project transparency and accountability

Implementing Blockchain in the Management of Organ Donation and Transplantation

Abstract: Current organ donation and transplantation systems suffer from vulnerabilities to scams and lack of transparency, hindering trust and efficiency. This proposal introduces a groundbreaking blockchain-based solution that combats both issues. By leveraging the blockchain's security and immutability, the system detects and predicts potential scams through AI analysis of realtime data, notifying authorities immediately. Additionally, it strengthens security and trust by ensuring secure participant identities, controlled access to sensitive information, and automated processes via smart contracts. This not only reduces the risk of illegal activity but also fosters fairness and participation, ultimately transforming the system into a life-saving model of transparency and trust. But that's not all. Blockchain securely stores identities, encrypts sensitive information, and automates tasks with smart contracts, eliminating the human error and shady dealings that plague the current system. This creates a web of trust, empowering donors, recipients, and medical professionals alike. The result? A system that's not just secure, but fair and efficient, saving lives and restoring faith in this vital field. It's time to transplant trust into organ donation, and blockchain is the fertile ground for its growth

Scientific substantiation of conceptual directions of development of the system of donation and transplantation

the article is devoted to the substantiation of the conceptual directions for the development of the system of organ donation and transplantation in the regions of Ukraine. The main principles of development are revealed. The basis for the formation of a modern conceptual model of the regional system of organ donation and transplantation has been laid. Materials and methods. To achieve the goals, the work used general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization, interpretation of scientific data, as well as systemic and structural-functional approaches. Results. Presents the conceptual directions for the development of the regional system of organ donation and transplantation, in the form of a set of principles (from Latin principium - beginning, basis) underlying the development of the system under consideration. The implementation of conceptual directions in modeling a modern conceptual model of the regional system of organ donation and transplantation will provide a model for the formation of strategic management mechanisms, will be the key to the development of regional transplant practice, the provision of affordable highly qualified transplant care to the population, sustainable socio-economic development of the system in the long term. Conclusions. The developed conceptual directions for the development of the system of organ donation and transplantation in the regions of Ukraine are a priority basis for the formation of a modern conceptual model of the regional system of organ donation and transplantation. The system of organ donation and transplantation in the regions of Ukraine is at the beginning of its formation and needs optimization of many organizational processes, which should be carried out systematically, comprehensively and purposefully on the basis of scientifically based principles, legislatively for the benefit of the population of the region.

High-Functioning Deceased Donor Kidney Transplant System Characteristics: The British Columbia Experience With an Opt-In System

A high level of cooperation between organ procurement organizations and transplant programs may help maximize use of deceased donor kidneys. The practices that are essential for a high functioning organ donation and transplant system remain uncertain. We sought to report metrics of organ donation and transplant performance in British Columbia, Canada, and to assess the association of specific policies and practices that contribute to the system's performance. A retrospective observational study. Referred deceased organ donors in British Columbia were used in the study from January 1, 2016, to December 312019. Provincial, organ procurement organization, and center level policies were implemented to improve donor referral and organ utilization. Assessment of donor and kidney utilization along steps of the critical pathway for organ donation. Deceased donors were classified according to the critical pathway for organ donation and key donation and transplant metrics were identified. There were 1,948 possible donors referred. Of 1,948, 754 (39%) were potential donors. Of 754 potential donors, 587 (78%) were consented donors. Of 587 consented donors, 480 (82%) were eligible kidney donors. Of 480 eligible kidney donors, 438 (91%) were actual kidney donors. And of 438 actual kidney donors, 432 (99%) were utilized kidney donors. One-year all-cause allograft survival was 95%. Practices implemented to improve the system's performance included hospital donor coordinators, early communication between the organ procurement organization and transplant nephrologists, dedicated organ recovery and implant surgeons, aged-based kidney allocation, and hospital admission of recipients before kidney recovery. Assignment of causality between individual policies and practices and organ donation and utilization is limited in this observational study. In British Columbia, consent for donation, utilization of donated kidneys, and transplant survival are exceptionally high, suggesting the importance of an integrated deceased donor and kidney transplant service.

Paw some Connection: Pet Adoption and Donation

"Paw some Connection" is a comprehensive project aimed at promoting pet adoption and facilitating donations for animal welfare organizations. The initiative seeks to address the growing issue of abandoned and stray animals by creating a user-friendly platform that connects potential pet parents with rescue animals in need of loving homes. This project integrates an intuitive adoption portal, where users can browse profiles of pets available for adoption, learn about their stories, and connect with shelters or foster families. Additionally, a streamlined donation system is incorporated to support the financial needs of these organizations, ensuring proper care, medical attention, and rehabilitation for rescued animals. The platform leverages modern technology and social media integration to amplify its reach, encouraging a wider audience to engage in the noble cause of providing safe and caring environments for animals. By fostering a sense of community and compassion, "Paw some Connection" aims to make a positive impact on the lives of both pets and humans, creating lasting connections that benefit all involved parties. Keywords: Comprehensive project, Promoting pet adoption, Facilitating donations, User-friendly platform.

Donation and Equitable Access to Organ, Tissue, and Cell Transplants: A Brazilian Perspective on the Strategy and Plan of Action 2019-2030

ObjectiveTo position the Brazilian Transplant System within the context of the 4 Strategic Lines of Action proposed by the Pan-American Health Organization. MethodA specialist analysis was conducted through comparative analyses of the 4 Strategic Lines of Action, objectives, and indicators outlined in the Action Plan, along with the donation and transplantation system in accordance with Brazilian transplantation law. Subsequent to an in-depth review of the document issued by the health authority, a series of meetings involving 8 specialists in organ donation and transplantation were conducted. During these meetings, discussions were carried out with the objective of numerically interpreting each strategy presented in the document, and recommendations constructed. ResultsFour strategies were evaluated and only 2 of them the third (81,3%) and the fourth (90%) do not achieve the indicators to complete the objective related to equitable access to organ, tissue, and cell transplants in Brazil. ConclusionThe recommendations developed carry importance, as they are innovative and contribute to the establishment of priorities when shaping public policies. The report not only highlights indicators that were not satisfactorily met but also provides insights into the recommendations formulated to improve those indicators that have already been achieved and to work toward achieving those that have not yet been realized. Additionally, these recommendations can justify actions and establish priorities for research efforts in the field.

Platform for Organ Donation and Transplantation using Blockchain

The critical shortage of organs for transplantation necessitates exploring innovative solutions to improve the matching and allocation process. Blockchain technology, with its significant principles of decentralization, security, and transparency, presents a promising avenue for building a more efficient and trustworthy platform for organ donation and transplantation. This paper surveys the current state of organ donation systems, explores the potential benefits of blockchain integration, and analyzes existing research on blockchain-based platforms for this domain.

Breaking down organ donation borders: Revisiting “opt out” residency requirements in the UK

All four UK nations have, in recent years, introduced “opt out” organ donation systems. Whilst these systems are largely similar, they operate independently. A key feature of each policy is a residency requirement, stipulating that opt out may only apply where the deceased had been ordinarily resident in that nation for at least 12 months. A resident of Scotland who dies in England, for example, would not fall under opt out. Public awareness is the underlying reasoning for such stipulations. A residency requirement was appropriate when Wales was the only UK nation with an opt out system, but, I suggest, the continued imposition of intra-UK borders on organ donation is unjustified now that all four nations operate the same policy. Further, it has the potential to limit organ donation. There is a need for all four systems to be amended to allow for UK-wide applicability, such that providing the deceased was ordinarily resident in the UK, they can fall under opt out in any of the four nations. I argue that such an amendment is ethically justified – continuing to satisfy the public awareness criterion – and practically straightforward. In doing so, I emphasise that my proposed amendment should extend only to the four UK nations, stopping short of the Crown Dependencies even though they also operate opt out systems for organ donation.

Design and Implementation of an Online Blood Donation System

Blood donation is a critical component of healthcare, saving countless lives each year. However, many regions, including Ghana, face chronic shortages of blood supply, often resulting in life-threatening delays for patients in need. Traditional blood donation methods are plagued with inefficiencies, causing delays in matching donors with recipients, and hindered by cumbersome paperwork that discourages potential donors. To address these challenges, this paper introduces an Online Blood Donation System, which offers an accessible, efficient, and secure platform for connecting blood donors with those in need. The project encompasses a comprehensive study, employing the Agile methodology, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, PHP, and MySQL, to design and develop the system. The system's objectives encompass facilitating blood donation, enhancing efficiency, increasing donor participation, ensuring data security, promoting awareness, and overall healthcare system improvement. This project aims to contribute to the healthcare sector by providing an innovative solution to blood donation challenges, ultimately saving lives and improving healthcare efficiency.

When is directed deceased donation justified? Practical, ethical, and legal issues.

This paper explores whether directed deceased organ donation should be permitted, and if so under which conditions. While organ donation and allocation systems must be fair and transparent, might it be "one thought too many" to prevent directed donation within families? We proceed by providing a description of the medical and legal context, followed by identification of the main ethical issues involved in directed donation, and then explore these through a series of hypothetical cases similar to those encountered in practice. Ultimately, we set certain conditions under which directed deceased donation may be ethically acceptable. We restrict our discussion to the allocation of organs to recipients already on the waiting list.

BLOCKCHAIN-BASED MANAGEMENT FOR ORGAN DONATION AND TRANSPLANTATION

Today’s organ donation and transplantation systems pose different requirements and challenges in terms of registration, donor-recipient matching, organ removal, organ delivery, and transplantation with legal, clinical, ethical, and technical constraints. Therefore, an end-to-end organ donation and transplantation system is required to guarantee a fair and efficient process to enhance patient experience and trust. In this paper, we propose a private Ethereum blockchain based solution to enable organ donation and transplantation management in a manner that is fully decentralized, secure, traceable, auditable, private, and trustworthy. We develop smart contracts and present six algorithms along with their implementation,testing, and validation details. We evaluate the performance of the proposed solution by performing privacy, security,and confidentiality analyses as well as comparing our solution with the existing solutions.