Donation Attitudes Research Articles

The effect of multidimensions of trust and donors' motivation on donation attitudes and intention toward charitable organizations

AbstractThis study examined both donors' personal characteristics and the multidimensional attributes of charitable organizations to illuminate how donation intention is formed. The proposed research model was developed based on the theory of planned behavior, and a total of 291 responses were used for empirical analysis. It was found that both altruistic motivation and egoistic motivation have a positive effect on donors' attitudes toward donation. We further found that donation attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control all have a positive effect on donation intention. Moreover, the results showed three dimensions of trust in charitable organizations—perceived ability, perceived integrity, and perceived benevolence—positively influence donation attitudes and donation intention. This study's approach is significant because it considers both individual aspects and attributes of charitable organizations as factors leading to donation behavior. We believe that our findings are useful for developing effective fundraising strategies.

The Gift That Keeps on Giving: Ethnoracial Attitudes toward Organ and Tissue Donation

The need for transplantable organs and tissues among ethnoracial minorities surpasses the number of available donors. Scholars have continued to document factors corresponding to the low consent rate among underrepresented populations. The purpose of this article is to reflect on our experience of conducting a qualitative study based on focus group interviews exploring organ and tissue donation attitudes among African Americans, Arab Americans, and Hispanic-Latinx people in Southeast Michigan. In this study, we highlight the importance of conducting in-depth qualitative research to illuminate our understanding of religious and cultural barriers to donating and to inform evidence-based organ and tissue donation campaigns, particularly among ethnoracial minorities.

The relationship between knowledge, attitude, and practice of plasma donation with age and gender as moderators: a cross-sectional survey.

A cross-sectional study was undertaken in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, on COVID-19-recovered patients (coronavirus disease 2019). In all, 383 persons were chosen using simple random sampling. A prestructured questionnaire was first validated and then used as a tool for data collection. jMetrik version 4.1.1 and SPSS version 26 were used to enter and analyze the data. Reliability analysis, hierarchal regression, and logistic regression analysis were applied. A total of 85.1% and 58.2% of 383 individuals had a favorable attitude and sufficient knowledge toward plasma donation, respectively. Plasma donation was observed in 109 (28.5%) of the individuals. Plasma donation practice was shown to be strongly related to plasma donation attitude [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=4.48; P<0.05] and knowledge (AOR=3.78; P<0.001). Females who had more plasma donation knowledge and attitude tend to donate more compared to males. However, no interactional effect of gender×knowledge and attitude, and age×knowledge and attitude was found with plasma donation practice. Plasma donation was uncommon, even though the majority of individuals had a good mindset and were well-informed. Fear of getting a health problem was linked to the decreased practice.

A study on blood donor characteristics and preferred environment of South Koreans during the COVID-19 pandemic: A conjoint analysis.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a decrease in the number of blood donors worldwide, posing a global problem. Therefore, this study investigates people who have continuously participated in blood donation during the COVID-19 pandemic and collects basic information as a reference for maintaining stable amounts of blood during future pandemics. The participants of this study were selected from the population of South Korea through stratified sampling considering region and age distributions. Owing to the COVID-19 pandemic, the participants were recruited online through Embrain, an online research and survey company, from June 1 to June 28, 2021. Data were collected from a total of 1,043 participants and used in the study. The results of this study showed that there was a difference between the donors group and non-donors group in factors such as donation attitude (F = 73.342, p < 0.001), donation knowledge (F = 6.530, p < 0.01), and preventive health behavior (F = 12.352, p < 0.001). Overall, blood donors showed favorable attitude toward and considerable knowledge of blood donation as well as a high level of preventive health behavior. The environment most preferred by people who participated in blood donation during the COVID-19 pandemic was "going with family to a blood donation center that gives out free gifts in a region far away with no confirmed cases," which showed the highest utility (utility = 0.734). Even during pandemics, donation attitude, donation knowledge, and preventive health behavior can serve as key factors affecting participation in blood donation. Additionally, blood donation centers that donors can visit with their families represent a favorable environment for the promotion of blood donation during pandemics.

Intentions and donations: monetary charity in Kuwait during the COVID-19 pandemic

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the intentions of individuals’ monetary charity during the COVID-19 crisis in Kuwait. The new conditions of COVID-19 enhanced both the theoretical as well as empirical importance of understanding how charities canalize monetary donations toward those in need.Design/methodology/approachAn initial framework is developed based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to conceptualize how an individual’s intention of donating money to charitable organizations is realized in their behaviors. A cross-sectional study of 276 donors is conducted.FindingsExplained variance gained is 0.73% suggesting that during the pandemic, donors are financially able to donate and prioritize easily accessible channels to transfer monetary charity. Donor attitudes towards charitable organizations were found to be insignificant regardless of the mismanagement reported.Practical implicationsThis study importantly discusses public behavior toward charities during the pandemic and suggests policies for managing such charities during a pandemic for optimizing their effectiveness.Originality/valueThis paper used a contemporary context to measure behavioral intentions including attitude (attitude toward making a financial donation, attitude toward charitable organizations and the attitude toward helping others), perceived behavioral control, descriptive norms, moral norms, injunctive/prescriptive norms and past behavior and thus enhance the empirical base of the TPB.

Does Death Anxiety Affect the Attitude Towards Organ Donation?

It is important to determine the attitudes of nurse candidates towards organ transplantation and their death anxiety levels to help patient families make an informed decision about organ donation. The aim of this study is to examine nurse candidates' public knowledge and attitude towards organ donation. The research was conducted with nursing students at the Faculty of Health Sciences, between December 2021 and February 2022. Data were collected using a personal information form, Fear of Death Scale (FODS), and Organ Donation Attitude Scale (ODAS). Our study determined that the percentage of students who wanted to donate organs and the death anxiety average of students were moderate. It was determined that students' positive attitudes towards organ donation were high and negative attitudes were low, and there was a negative relationship between them (p<0.001). In this study, in the comparison of death anxiety by gender, the mean scores of women's death anxiety, thinking about death and witnessing death, suffering, and uncertainty of death were found to be higher than men's, and the difference was significant (p<0.001). As a result, it is thought that improving the attitudes of future nurse candidates towards organ transplantation will significantly affect their organ transplantation decisions. Education is required for students with insufficient experience.

Sperm donor attitudes and experiences with direct-to-consumer genetic testing

To identify factors influencing sperm donor willingness to participate in direct-to-consumer genetic testing, comfort with sharing genetically identifiable data in commercial genetic testing databases, and likelihood to donate sperm again. Cross-sectional online anonymous survey. Multicenter, 2 large American sperm banks from July 1, 2020 to July10, 2021. Sperm donors from 1980 to2020. None. Associations between donor demographic characteristics, donation history, and attitudes toward direct-to-consumer genetic testing. A total of 396 donors completed the survey. Most donations (61.5%) occurred from 2010 to 2020, and 34.3% were nonidentified donations. Nonidentified donors were less comfortable with their genetic data being shared than open-identity donors (25.4% vs. 43.8%) and were less likely than open-identity donors to donate sperm again (43.3% vs. 72.1%). Donors who donated after the inception of direct-to-consumer genetic testing in 2007 were less likely to participate in commercial genetic testing than those who donated before 2007 (25.8% vs. 37.1%). Most donors (87.4%) have disclosed their donation(s) to current partners, but fewer have disclosed them to their families (56.6%) or children (30.5%). Of the donors who had been contacted by donor-conceived persons, 79.5% were identified via direct-to-consumer genetic testing. Overall, 61.1% of donors would donate again regardless of direct-to-consumer genetic testing. Direct-to-consumer genetic testing is playing a dynamic role in sperm donor identification, but donors seem willing to donate again. Implication counseling regarding future linkage and contact from donor-conceived persons needs to be standardized for potential donors before donation.

Experiences and attitudes of Danish men who were sperm donors more than 10 years ago; a qualitative interview study.

More knowledge about the long-term impact of sperm donation is essential as the donor's attitude towards donation may change over time. Personal and social developments may prompt a rethinking of previous actions and decisions, or even regret. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the experiences and attitudes of men who were sperm donors more than 10 years ago. From May to September 2021, semi-structured, qualitative interviews were conducted with 23 former donors (> 10 years since last donation) from Cryos International sperm bank. Two participants were non-anonymous donors and 21 were anonymous. The interviews were conducted by phone or via video (mean 24 minutes). All interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and rendered anonymous. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The analysis showed that most men had been donors for monetary and altruistic purposes, and now considered sperm donation as a closed chapter that was 'unproblematic and in the past'. Most men valued anonymity and emphasized the non-relatedness between donor and donor conceived offspring. Knowledge about recipients and donor offspring was seen as 'damaging' as it could create unwanted feelings of relatedness and responsibility towards them. All men acknowledged donor conceived persons' potential interests in knowing about their genetic heritage in order to understand appearance and personal traits, but also emphasized the donors' rights to anonymity. Potential breach of anonymity was generally considered 'highly problematic' as it was expected to disturb their families and force a relationship on them. This study reports on former donors who might not have volunteered for research due to lack of interest or protection of privacy. The majority of men valued anonymity and clearly demarcated a line between sperm donation and fatherhood, which was enforced by not knowing about the donor offspring or recipients.

Knowledge and Attitude of Undergraduate Medical Student toward Blood Donation at the University of Sulaimani, a cross sectional study

General Background: Blood donation is a procedure that can help save the lives of others. Blood is the most precious gift that anyone can give to another person - the gift of life ,just one donation can save up three lives ,and has both emotional and physical health advantages Aim: To explore the knowledge and attitudes of blood donation among undergraduate students in the university of sulaimani. Methods: a cross-sectional study was done between (1-12-2021) to (24-1- 2022) for determine the knowledge and attitude of students in medical colleges at university of sulaimani Results: 67.3% of participants were female and 53.8%of participants age were between 20-25 most of them in college of medicine 56.3%,74%of participants were live in urban area most of them were single 97.1%,most of them have sufficient knowledge about blood donation and good attitude . Conclusion: majority of them have good knowledge and positive attitude about blood donation ,most reason for not donating is because of fear of anemia and willing to donate in the future ,the main source of getting knowledge about blood donation is from school and colleges ,most of them believe that blood donation reduce heart attack. Recommendation: Because it is the age of technology, most people of all ages use it, and it plays an important role in community awareness, the role of the media and social media in disseminating information about blood donation and its benefits

Willingness of intensive care unit patients’ family members to donate organs: A cross-sectional study

The large gap between the demand for, and the supply of organs worldwide makes promoting organ donation an important global social issue. Even after someone has signed a consent form or registered for organ donation, ethically, the hospital still requires a family member's written permission before organ donation can proceed. As a result, a family member rather than the patient makes the final decision. This study investigated the willingness of the family members of hypothetical patients in intensive care units (ICUs) suffering from an irreversible condition to sign an organ donation consent form. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among family members of ICU patients recruited from one medical center in southern Taiwan from April to October 2014, which followed the STROBE guidelines. Of 110 ICU family members, 71 (64.5%) were willing to donate the organs of hypothetical patients with irreversible conditions. Based on logistic regression, family support, attitude, and knowledge of organ donation significantly predicted 34% of the variance in willingness to sign consent. Attitude toward organ donation and behavioral knowledge of organ donation correlated significantly with a willingness to sign a consent form. This study found that family support and organ donation attitudes were important factors in predicting the willingness to sign a consent form for the organ donation of hypothetical patients. The study provides evidence that nurses and healthcare staff need to consider family support and educate families on organ donation to encourage potential donors to accept and agree to organ donation.

Practical analysis of the impact of social marketing strategies on attitudes of potential reproductive cell donors in the Republic of Serbia

Background/Aim. There is a constant increase in the need to use third-party reproductive cells among couples who are unable to conceive with their own reproductive cells or in order to prevent the passing of an existing hereditary genetic disorder to the child. The aim of the study was to present a theoretical overview and perform a practical analysis of the use of social marketing strategies using the first technique of analyzing the attitudes of potential donors of reproductive cells in the Republic of Serbia (RS) in the interest of adapting to the target group. Methods. Empirical research in this study, in which both women and men from the RS participated, was based on a questionnaire about people?s willingness to be potential reproductive cell donors and about having information on the donation of reproductive cells. The data in this paper were obtained during 2021, and the questionnaire was focused on a particular population group. The questionnaire was sent to people aged 20 to 34 years who could become potential donors of reproductive cells. In the research, 201 women and men from the RS participated. The first part of the questionnaire was tested for internal consistency, which was tested by Cronbach?s alpha coefficient calculation (?). Values of ? lower than 0.5 indicate that the questionnaire possesses unacceptable conistency. Results. A total of 57% of participants were in-formed about reproductive cell donation through the Internet, 29% by friends and family, and 11% of them were informed by doctors. Only 32% of participants were fully informed, and 25.1% were partially informed about the donation of reproductive material in the RS. Forty-three percent of participants were not informed about the donation of re-productive material. Most of the participants (54%) said they would maybe donate their reproductive material if they had more information, 20% would donate in any case, and 26% would refuse to donate reproductive material. Conclusion. The target group of potential donors of reproductive cells is present in the RS. In addition to the analysis of attitudes, further planning and implementation measures for the promotion of donation could have an influence on raising awareness about the lack of reproductive material and increase the recruitment of gamete donors.

Do the Compassion and Spirituality Levels of TurkishNursing Students Influence their Attitudes Toward Organ Donation?

This study was a descriptive-correlational design whichevaluated the relationship between compassion and spirituality levels and attitudes toward organ donation among Turkish nursing students. Asample of 296 participants studying in the nursing department of a foundation university in the spring semester of the 2021-2022 academic year was formed. A descriptive information form, Spirituality Scale, Compassion Scale, and Organ Donation Attitude Scale were used for data collection. Pearson correlation and multivariate regression analysis were used to evaluate scale scores. The compassion levels of students were high, their attitudes toward organ donation were positive and strong, and their level of spirituality ([Formula: see text]= 18.71 ± 6.10) was slightly above average. Higher levels of spirituality and compassion were positively correlated with positive attitudes toward organ donation (p < 0.05). The compassion and spirituality of nurses should be high for raising public awareness of organ donation.

Two significant concepts in organ donation: Empathic tendency and altruism

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an empathic tendency and altruism on organ donation. Material and methodThis descriptive and relationship-seeking research included adults who responded to a questionnaire delivered by e-mail with the snowball sampling method. The sample comprised 269 subjects according to 99% power and significance level of α = 0.05. Data were collected using a Personal Information Form, Empathic Tendency Scale, Altruism Scale, and the Organ Donation Attitude Scale. ResultsA positive, strong, statistically significant relationship was determined between the empathic tendency and altruism scales and the organ donation and transplantation scale (p < 0.001). Empathic tendency and altruism were determined to affect the positive attitude subscale of the organ donation attitude scale at the rate of 11.9%. ConclusionThe findings indicate that programs that foster empathy and compassion should be implemented in order to foster a positive attitude about organ donation.

Attitudes of the Brazilian Population Toward Organ Donation

Brazil ranks second worldwide in gross numbers of deceased donors for kidney and liver transplantation, but scores much lower in organ transplantation per million people, when compared to other countries.1 Therefore, more than 45,000 patients are currently on the waiting list for organ transplants in Brazil.2 In this country, transplantation activity was also shown to vary sharply.2 In this regard, organ transplantation is much more developed in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil when compared to the poorer parts of country due to higher donation rates, better organ procurement, as well as increased public education and awareness.

대학생의 헌혈 의도에 미치는 영향요인

Objectives The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing college students' intention to donate blood. Methods To this end, a survey was conducted on 865 college students in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Incheon, Gangwon, Chungnam, Jeonbuk, and Gwangju, with general characteristics, physical symptoms related to COVID-19 anxiety, blood donation motivation, blood donation attitude, and altruism. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were conducted to explore the general characteristics and relevance of major variables, and step-by-step multiple regression analysis was conducted to find out the effect of major variables on blood donation intention. Results The main research results are as follows. First, variables that significantly correlated with blood donation intention were blood donation motivation (social achievement), blood donation motivation (intellectual motivation), blood donation motivation (seeking tangible interests), blood donation experience, drinking status, gender, major, subjective health, blood donation attitude, and altruism. Second, the factors influencing blood donation intention were intellectual motivation, social achievement motivation, blood donation experience, and drinking status, and blood donation motivation (knowledge motivation) was most significantly related to blood donation intention. Conclusions Based on these research results, in order to encourage college students to participate in blood donation in the COVID-19 situation, the development and implications of educational programs considering intellectual motivation were presented.

불교의 생명존중사상과 장기기증의 관계

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between respect for life of buddhism and organ donation. The research problems of this study are as follows. First, what are the general characteristics of organ donors? Second, what are the motives for organ donation pledges? For this study, the attitude toward organ donation, the commitment attitude toward organ donation, the subjective knowledge about organ donation, and the issue involvement for organ donation were surveyed and questionnaires composed of open-ended questions about the motives for organ donation pledges were conducted. The data of 139 Buddhist believers were collected and analyzed by frequency analysis and descriptive statistics and the responses of qualitative questions were analyzed using CQR-M. The results of the study are as follows. First, as a result of examining the general characteristics of organ donors, The minimum age of organ donors is 20 years old, the maximum age is 63 years, and the mean age is 43.59 years, and the standard deviation is 13.057. In the case of gender, the female pledge is more than the male, and more than half are married. In terms of health status, normal, good, and very good were more than 90% of the total responses, and their health status was perceived as good. As a result of looking at the current residence type, living together with their spouse, parents, children, or spouse and children, spouse and parents was about 90%. In the case of the organ donation pledge period, 2008 was the oldest, and in particular, the number of pledges in 2015, 2016 and 2017 increased significantly. As a result of examining the descriptive statistics on the psychological characteristics related to organ donation by organ donors, organ donation attitude, organ donation pledge attitude, subjective knowledge of organ donation, and the issue involvement showed that the mean was all above normal(3.0). Second, as a result of searching for the motivation of organ donation pledge, six sub-categories were derived; publicity and providing sufficient information, connection with Buddhist monk, connection with Buddhism, impression from life of organ donated people, genuine respect for life, and mercy practice. In terms of frequency, practice mercy was the most, followed by publicity, sufficient information, and genuine respect for life. It is meaningful that this study provided basic information to enable organ donation activities based on Buddhism

Attitudes to Organ Donation and Transplantation: An Insight From Jordan.

Organ donation rates in the Arabicspeaking world remain low; however, little is known about why. This study adapted an existing questionnaire into Arabic to improve understanding of perceived barriers to donation as a step toward increasing donation rates. We developed and validated an Arabic version of a published questionnaire, and we used this to collect data on knowledge and attitudes toward organ and tissue donation and transplantation, as well as reasons for the beliefs among adults in Jordan. The questionnaire was circulated through various Facebook groups. The questionnaire was completed by 404 Jordanian adults. Factor analysis indicated that a 3-factor model was suitable for the present study. These factors were Organ Donation Attitude, Organ Transplantation Attitude, and Fear of Health Outcomes. Generally, knowledge of organ donation was good, although only some respondents were aware of the opt-out system. Attitudes toward donation were favorable, with very few respondents reporting that religious or cultural beliefs would prevent them from donating organs. One surprising finding was that one-third of respondents expressed some degree of distrust of health services. Efforts to improve organ donation in the Arab world remain in development. We found a substantial awareness of organ donation and largely favorable views of it among selected adults in Jordan. This indicates a need to shift focus away from education and perceived religious and cultural barriers and refocus instead on the concerns regarding distrust of health services by the general population.

Knowledge and attitudes of apheresis donors regarding apheresis blood donation.

Demand for apheresis blood donation has increased with the widening of the use of blood transfusion and the decrease in the donor pool. The knowledge level of apheresis donors, their attitudes such as donating again and recommending others to donate via apheresis are important in meeting this demand. This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with 182 plateletpheresis donors to determine their knowledge and attitudes regarding apheresis blood donation. Participants were asked 34 questions (which were prepared based on the literature and perfected by expert opinion and pre-administration) to determine their level of knowledge regarding apheresis. A value of 1 point was assigned for each 'correct' answer and 0 points for 'wrong' and 'do not know' answers. Participants' total level of knowledge scores was formulated to have a value between 0 and 100 (i.e., the score of each group was divided into the number of question and multiplied by 100). Participant attitudes were evaluated based on responses to 14 questions using a 5-point Likert questionnaire. Total knowledge scores regarding apheresis were moderate (55 ± 15.2). Those who were educated above the university level (compared to primary school and less, middle and high-school education levels) had higher level of knowledge scores regarding apheresis. In general, participants had a positive attitude regarding the importance and effects of apheresis blood donation. Those with the following characteristics had a positive attitude (p < 0.05) regarding the importance of apheresis blood donation: female (compared to men), single (compared to married), 18-33 years of age (compared to 34-49 and 50-65 years of age groups, with an above-university level of education (compared to primary school and less, middle and high-school education levels), informed regarding apheresis blood donation, first-time donors and donors to unknown recipients. Study participants demonstrated a moderate level of knowledge and positive attitude regarding the importance of apheresis blood donation. Thus, to enhance attitudes on the procedure and reduce the risk of recipient infections, blood donors should be better informed regarding apheresis blood donation.

Fundraising Appeals for the COVID-19 Epidemic Fight: A Cross-Country Study of Donor Responses

This research explores the intrinsic and extrinsic motivations driving donors to engage in fundraising appeals launched through social networking sites (SNSs) to mitigate COVID-19’s impact on vulnerable communities from a cross-national perspective. The research adopted a quantitative approach through a web-based survey; a total of 801 donors were obtained from Kuwait and Bahrain and were useable for the analysis. Smart PLS structural equation modelling was used to validate the research model and derive significant insights. In the Kuwaiti sample, we found that humanitarian projects, internet technology, SNSs and religiosity significantly drive donor attitudes towards online donation. All these relationships are indirectly related to the intention to give via SNS through the mediating role of attitudes. As for the Bahraini sample, humanitarian projects, non-profit organizations (NPOs), SNSs, and religiosity significantly influence donors’ attitudes. Attitudes, on the other hand, have a visible mediating role in the relationships between these predictors and behavioral intentions. The findings could be useful for the development of appropriate policies that boost online monetary donations to support emergency aid for communities crushed by the pandemic. This research differs from the existing literature in that its multi-national study scrutinizes the incorporation of both internal and external predictors of fundraising activities into a distinctive related context such as SNSs, particularly in a time of epidemiological crises such as COVID-19.

Understanding The Motives Of Body Donors

In the United Kingdom (UK) and Ireland approximately 1,400 body donors for Anatomical Examination are needed per year for the education and training of medical and allied health care professionals. The current study aimed to explore prospective donors’ motives, beliefs and desires about body donation to medical schools in England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales, with the hypothesis that their attitudes had not changed since the last such study in the UK in 1995 and that their motivation remained largely altruistic. A prospective, questionnaire‐based study of 821 potential donors over a 12 month period revealed a high level of agreement in answers to a number of questions exploring their motivation. Ninety six % of donors agreed they wished to improve the education of health care professionals, 92% agreed it was to help improve health care for patients, 78% considered that it provided a ‘good ending’ to their life. However, answers to two questions demonstrated a split viewpoint. When asked if saving relatives money was a motive 43% disagreed and 32% agreed, which was a marked increase compared to the 1995 study. A similar trend was seen when it came to sparing relatives inconvenience, with 46% of potential donors answering that this was not a motivating factor, but an increased 29% agreeing that it was. Inconvenience may mean different things to different people; practical, financial and emotional. Donors also reported differing views on avoiding traditional burial rituals with 46% agreeing that body donation helped them avoid such rituals, reflecting that some donor attitudes have changed since the last survey. Understanding donors’ altruistic motives is important, but so is recognizing some of the practical considerations important to them and how these may change with time. Therefore, the results of the current study help further our understanding of how we can support socially acceptable and ethical donation practices, including improved resources for donors, as well as also match future needs of the sector.