Domino Theory Research Articles

Risking Border Instability: the Russian-Estonian Case

In international relations, the last three decades have been marked by national and institutional fragmentation. The fate of Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union, and the regrettable way that events played out (especially in the former case), could befall other federative entities as well. Canada and Belgium come to mind, as do countries like Spain, all of which effectively function as federations. However, while federations usually have dispute settlement and mechanisms for secession embedded in their constitutions, sub-constitutive territories are often excluded from such considerations. What territories such as Kosovo, Sandjak, Abkhazia, South Ossetia, etc. have in common is that they share a desire for independence from their parent country. However, achiveing independence would present risks to the territorial integrity of other countries (what can be termed the domino principle), as well as risks to the endurance of flexible international law. The cases we have alluded to above culminated in the Crimean crisis. The problems between Estonia and the Russian Federation stem from the choice of precedent and founding text on which to base the former’s renewed independence. While Estonia was founded on the basis of the 1920 Tartu Peace Treaty that put an end to the country’s War of Independence, its experience as a Soviet Republic added another legislative filter in the form of the 1977 Constitution of the Soviet Union. However, the principle of uti possidetis had evolved to apply to more than cases of colonialism. Thus, when Estonia seceded from the USSR with the borders it had been since 1945, it was doing so under the principle of uti possidetis. The current dispute stems from the fact that the Estonian political elite seek to have the 1920 Tartu Peace Treaty recognized as the foundational document for the country’s renewed independence. Under the Treaty, Estonian sovereignty applied over a much larger territory. By insisting that any new border arrangement with Russia be based on that Treaty, Estonia is invalidating the principle of uti possidetis and the validity of the Constitution of the Soviet Union as a vehicle for independence. It implies a latent Article 5 situation between NATO and Russia, and threatens the legitimacy of other post-Soviet secessions.

The asymmetry of Laos conflict in the views of the RAND Corporation experts (1960–1973)

The paper deals with analytical reports prepared by the experts of the RAND Corporation on the Secret War in Laos (19601973) between the Royal Laotian Army, tacit living in the United States, and the communist movement Patet Lao, which received assistance from the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. Initially, it was Laos, not Vietnam that was the strategic and important region of Southeast Asia in the concept of domino theory of the US policy. A vivid example is the study of Laos in the RAND Corporation, which began earlier than the study of Vietnam. Analyst reports were created on the basis of geography, demography, geology, economics, etc. The paper addresses reports on the development of the military-political situation in Laos by the experts of the corporation such as Joel Martin Halpern, Paul Langer and Joseph Zastoff. It is shown that a part of the research was carried out with the aim of developing the theory of counterinsurgency at the request of the Agency for Perspective Research under the Ministry of Defense of the USA for the development of a foreign policy strategy in the countries of the Third world. Special attention is paid to the connection of research on the situation in Laos with the analysis of the prospects of the American policy in Vietnam in the 1960s and early 1970s.

Одна тема проекта – множество идей: на примере проектирования математического календаря

The article shows how a single project topic, formulated on the basis of the “domino principle”, can stimulate creative search and be embodied in several project products — various mathematical calendars. All calendars diff er among themselves by their target audience, form and content. The implementation of such projects is a means of professionalizing students of a pedagogical university in the aspect of improving their methodological, metamathematical and project competencies.

The Western Balkans Policy of the EU Within the Framework of Domino Theory

This study elaborates on the European Union’s (EU) Balkan policies evaluating the developments in the Western Balkans from the post-Cold War era until today. In addition, the study will tackle the EU policies and practices in the Western Balkans on the basis of the principles of the domino theory. In this context, the EU believes that destabilisation due to conflicts in former Yugoslavia after disintegration has also destabilised other countries in the region in domino effect. This situation means both the region and the EU will encounter security threat. In this regard, the study dwells upon EU policies in the region to provide financial aid in an attempt to ensure development and sustainability which will foster stability on the basis of the assumption that these countries in the region will be accepted to the EU as member countries after ensuring stability.

The dictators’ domino theory: a Caribbean Basin anti-communist network, 1947–1952

ABSTRACTThis article uncovers a Caribbean Basin anti-communist intelligence network independent of the U.S. government and the international Cold War. Nicaraguan dictator Anastasio Somoza, Honduran dictator Tiburcio Carías, and Dominican dictator Rafael Trujillo characterized local democratic developments as communist threats to their regimes’ national security. With the 1947 Cayo Confites expedition and the 1948 Costa Rican Civil War, the military dictators coalesced into an informal network that increasingly shared intelligence. Joined by the Venezuelan military junta and Fulgencio Batista’s Cuban dictatorship, members nurtured a Caribbean Basin anti-communist domino theory characterising threats to one regime as a transnational danger to regional stability.

Testing the Domino Theory of Gene Loss in Buchnera aphidicola: The Relevance of Epistatic Interactions.

The domino theory of gene loss states that when some particular gene loses its function and cripples a cellular function, selection will relax in all functionally related genes, which may allow for the non-functionalization and loss of these genes. Here we study the role of epistasis in determining the pattern of gene losses in a set of genes participating in cell envelope biogenesis in the endosymbiotic bacteria Buchnera aphidicola. We provide statistical evidence indicating pairs of genes in B. aphidicola showing correlated gene loss tend to have orthologs in Escherichia coli known to have alleviating epistasis. In contrast, pairs of genes in B. aphidicola not showing correlated gene loss tend to have orthologs in E. coli known to have aggravating epistasis. These results suggest that during the process of genome reduction in B. aphidicola by gene loss, positive or alleviating epistasis facilitates correlated gene losses while negative or aggravating epistasis impairs correlated gene losses. We interpret this as evidence that the reduced proteome of B. aphidicola contains less pathway redundancy and more compensatory interactions, mimicking the situation of E. coli when grown under environmental constrains.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FLIGHT OPERATIONS AND ORGANIZATIONS IN AIRCRAFT ACCIDENTS; THE APPLICATION OF THE HUMAN FACTOR ANALYSIS AND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

Aviation history is replete with lessons learned from accidents. Aircraft accidents have greatly contributed to the formation of aviation laws. Analysis conducted after accidents are the first steps taken for the prevention of further accidents. Accident analyses are carried out by the countries' accident investigation board where the accident happened or the one where the airline is registered. Several models are used in the analysis of accidents. One of these models, The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System was put forward by Shappell and Wiegmann after examining more than 2,000 accidents. This system is based on Reason's Swiss Cheese Model and, therefore, also the Domino Theory. According to The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System, the cause of accidents consists of 4 levels of factors that affect each other. These are: organizational influences, unsafe management, preconditions for unsafe acts and unsafe acts. Although an accident may seem to be caused by unsafe acts, behind the accident there are many causes extend from the managers to organizations. In this study, the databases of different countries' accident investigation boards were studied and the official accident reports of planned and commercial passenger flights were examined. These reports were analyzed and coded according to the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System. As a result, the size and scope of the relationships between organizational influences and unsafe acts that led to the accidents were revealed.

The Effect of Temperature on Nucleation of Condensed Water Phase on the Surface of a β-AgI Crystal. 1. Structure

The Monte Carlo method has been employed to study the effect of temperature on the structure and the mechanism of retaining condensed water phase nuclei on the surface of the basal face of a silver iodide crystal. Comparative calculations of spatial correlation functions and computer images of vapors being condensed at 260 and 320 K have indicated an increased stability of monomolecular water-film spots with respect to thermal fluctuations. The disturbances of the regular “honeycomb” structure have a collective character and occur according to the “domino principle”; i.e., the rupture of a hydrogen bond between neighboring molecules releases enhanced libration motions of the latter, which, in turn, provoke the rupture of bonds with other neighbors. In accordance with this scenario, the distortion of the hexagonal structure of the film under the action of thermal fluctuations develops with the formation of growing spots of destruction. The thermal fluctuations significantly affect the orientational molecular order and the degree of clustering on the surface. The positions of molecules relative to the ions of the surface crystallographic layer of a substrate weakly depend on temperature.

Leadership Style Correlation with the Occurrence of Unsafe Act Fabrication Employees Pt. BSB Gresik

The domino theory of Heinrich said that the existence of a work accident is derived from the lack of control of the management. Many companies are aware of this and trying to implement a secure way of working in order to avoid workers from occupational accidents and company to avoid a loss of one of them is using the right leadership approach. This aims of this study to determine the relationship style of leadership with the unsafe act fabrication workers PT. X. Research design of this study is cross-sectional, observational research with quantitative approach. The sample size of this study was 40 workers, using total sampling technique. Data was analyzed using Contingency Coefficient test. The research showed more of supervisor had a transformational leadership style (80%), transactional leadership style also amounted to 7 workers (17%), while the numbering leissez faire leadership style 1 worker (3%). Workers who act safe (safe) were 34 workers (85%) and other workers had act unsafe (unsafe) were 6 workers (15%). The relationship between leadership style with the unsafe act showed contingency coefficient value of 0.674, that means there was strong relationship between leadership style with unsafe actions. So the leadership style had a strong relationship with the unsafe acts of workers. It Suggested to improve performance (safety) workers, the company have to provide leadership training to supervisors.

America’s Prescient Dissenters: Senator J. William Fulbright and Dr. Andrew J. Bacevich’s Principled Dissent of US Policy in Vietnam and Iraq and their Enduring Perspectives

ABSTRACTDuring the Cold War, the spread and fear of communism furnished the overarching ideological rationale for American foreign policy and for the deployment of United States military forces and resources. Subscribing to the domino theory and its potential impact on Southeast Asia, the Johnson Administration committed the United States to the Vietnam War. Following the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States, and the commencement of the Global War on Terrorism, Washington once again set a national agenda rooted in a simplistic analysis reminiscent of Vietnam and the domino theory. Ignorant of Iraq’s mammoth sectarian, historical, ethnic, and global strategic complexities, the Bush Administration launched Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF). The absence of critical analysis, contrarian viewpoints, and sound judgment characterized the US policy and strategy for both the Vietnam War and OIF, exhibiting the lack of moral courage that the national security enterprise seeks, but seldom attains. Faced with this challenge, this article draws attention to the ethical lessons we can learn from the dissent of William Fulbright and Andrew Bacevich.

CHALLENGES FACED BY THE SCHOOL MANAGEMENT TEAM (SMT) REGARDING SCHOOL SAFETY IN SOUTH AFRICA

Ponte Academic JournalMar 2017, Volume 73, Issue 3 CHALLENGES FACED BY THE SCHOOL MANAGEMENT TEAM (SMT) REGARDING SCHOOL SAFETY IN SOUTH AFRICAAuthor(s): Dr. Keshni BipathJ. Ponte - Mar 2017 - Volume 73 - Issue 3 doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.3.36 Abstract:Education is adversely affected by the loss of learning and teaching time due to safety related problems in schools. School management teams (SMTs) thus need to create proper plans to achieve the desired outcomes or set objectives for a safe learning environment. The Department of Education needs to acknowledge the urgency of providing practical training for all SMTs and educators upgrading their knowledge and skills in safety. An interpretative research paradigm was used to unravel how the participants (n=9) have created their reality regarding school safety challenges in rural environments. The Domino Theory is the theoretical lens that was used in this study. The improper attitude from the DoE regarding safety implementation and monitoring and support tools; improper attitude of the SMTs and educators regarding their role in safety issues and the physical unsuitability of the infrastructure of some schools creates confusion in safety management. In order to improve safety issues in South African schools, urgent training on safety management, implementation and control is required by safety experts hired by the DoE, thereafter ongoing on-line platforms for dealing with relevant unsafe situations at school should be easily accessible to all educators and interested parents, councilors, psychologists and safety officials. Communities of Practice with a focus on school safety should be held quarterly and attended by SMTs and school governing body officials. Download full text:Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution Username Password

Animal models of preeclampsia: an examination of usefulness and limitations based on the metabolic domino theory

Animal models of preeclampsia: an examination of usefulness and limitations based on the metabolic domino theory

MODIFIED CONCEPTUALIZED HEALTH AND SAFETY COMPLIANCE MODEL FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED CONTRACTORS IN GHANA

The majority of the construction industries in Ghana are dominated by the Small and Medium Sized (SMEs) contractors. The SMEs inability to manage Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) effectiveness has been the contributing factor to the accident. A review of the literature was conducted for the development of Health and Safety (H&S) compliance model for SMEs contractors in Ghana. The study adopted various constructs from Accident Root Causes Tracing Model (ARCTM) and Domino theory. Both objective and subjective attributes were combined during the assessment. The Domino Theory form the basis for the theoretical and conceptual framework of this paper. The hypothesized H&S compliance model is presented in this paper based on an in-depth review of the previous models. The gaps identified in the literature are government support and contractor’s organizational culture. Discussions also included the integrated holistic model and the variables of the model, identification of the model and justification for the selected variables. The identified gaps serve as variable constructs in H&S compliance research. The theorized conceptual model is a multidimensional structure composed of six latent constructs.

Russian strategic culture: the role of today’s chekisty

ABSTRACT Russian strategic culture – security policy habits of mind – is what caused the Kremlin to intervene in Ukraine in 2014. The Maidan Revolution was perceived as threatening spillover into Russia, an event misperceived by today’s chekisty to have been instigated by the US. Such groupthink is rooted in KGB groupthink about regime security in continuation of the Russian high-context strategic culture. The legacy from Andropov’s 1956 trauma and the imprint of Primakov, Putin and Patrushev is explored, hereby updating research on Russian strategic culture. The Kremlin’s threat perception evolved from a perception of vulnerability to the Ukrainian Orange Revolution of 2004. The Arab Spring inspired a domino theory of colour revolutions reiterated by other siloviki and found in military and national security doctrines. The recent formation of a Russian National Guard further testifies to the decisive inside-out logic behind Russia’s intervention against Ukraine.

Assessing Russia’s doctrine of Realpolitik as strategic re-contouring of regional power -balance in the post-Soviet periphery

The Ukraine conflict escalated in early 2014 and resulted in Russia’s annexation of Crimea. This illustrates a troublesome pattern in the region. The author claims that this most recent political crisis is in fact emblematic of Russian’s narrative for some time, as exemplified by the Russia-Georgian War, or Putin’s support of Moldavian separatists. The article attempts to conceptualize Russian “mingling” in the region in light of several relevant events such as the recent creation of the Eurasian Economic Union as well as the annexation of Crimea as a deliberate strategy that reflects a much larger pattern of potential destabilization and expansionism, which begun more than a decade ago. The argument will be analyzed through the prism of two theoretical perspectives, the redefined domino theory and Kohr’s power theory of social misery. Moreover, the article will place a particular emphasis on the increasing influence of the concept of Eurasianism on Russian geopolitics in recent years. The increasing regional vulnerabilities in light of Russia’s antagonistic policy of Realpolitik, stresses the need for a protracted dialogue about other potential security threats that could further destabilize the region. The article discusses recent events in Ukraine as an emblematic example of Russian geopolitical strategy as a potential warning for other sovereign States in the post-Soviet “near-abroad”.

The role of middle class in democratic diffusion

The modernization hypothesis and the democratic domino theory have been at the forefront in explaining the democratization around the globe. This paper empirically investigates the ‘middle class-driven modernization’ hypothesis and the ‘middle class-driven democratic domino’ effect in a panel of 145 countries over the period 1985 to 2013. Using several middle class measures and a dynamic panel estimator, we show that the ‘middle class-driven modernization’ hypothesis finds strong empirical support in the sample of developing countries excluding Eastern Europe and Central Asia, while the ‘middle class-driven democratic domino’ effect finds support in the sample of developing countries excluding East Asia and the Pacific.

The Impact of the Canada-Korea Free Trade Agreement as Negotiated

This paper analyzes the impact of the Canada-Korea Free Trade Agreement on the basis of the published text and agreed schedule of commitments. We find that the Agreement reinforces existing patterns of comparative advantage between Canada (agriculture and resource-based sectors) and Korea (autos and other industries). The sensitive sectors that held up the deal for years – autos into Canada and beef into Korea – witness major trade gains, but are not unduly disrupted. In both economies, the major output gains otherwise come in non-traded services sectors, driven by income effects. We find that trade diversion effects are quite significant; this lends support for the domino theory of major free trade agreements – since the Korea-EU agreement broke the ice, the pressure has intensified on third parties to re-level playing fields by striking their own deals. The study breaks new ground in modelling services trade by developing policy impacts based on the extent to which the text of the Agreement modifies Korea’s and Canada’s scores on the OECD’s Services Trade Restrictiveness Index and by providing estimates of Mode 3 Services trade impacts. The analysis of the Agreement as negotiated, the present study, in our view, is a step forward in understanding the impact of modern free trade agreements.

The Canada-Korea Free Trade Agreement: A First Look at the Numbers

This paper analyzes the impact of the Canada-Korea Free Trade Agreement (CKFTA) on the basis of the published text and agreed schedule of commitments. We find that the CKFTA tends to reinforce existing patterns of comparative advantage between Canada and Korea: for Canada, the agricultural sector gains and, for Korea, the industrial sector gains. The sensitive sectors that had held up the deal for years – autos into Canada and beef into Korea – are also the sectors where the major gains are expected. In both economies, the major output gains otherwise come in non-traded services sectors, driven by the deal’s income effects. We find that trade diversion effects are quite significant; this lends support for the domino theory of major free trade agreements – since the Korea-EU agreement broke the ice, the pressure intensifies on third parties to claw back lost preferences by striking their own deals. The evaluation remains ex ante in nature, as the agreement has not been implemented and the trade value assigned to the commitments in the services and investment areas remain to be validated Whether the various transparency and facilitation measures simply remove nuisance factors in services trade and investment or whether they materially affect the costs, resulting in expanded trade flows and inducing investment, will need to be evaluated on an ex post basis. The present study is nonetheless, in our view, a step forward in understanding the impact of the CKFTA.

Nuclear Dominoes: A Self-Defeating Prophecy?

Is the nuclear domino theory historically valid? Despite its longstanding centrality to thinking on nuclear proliferation amongst scholars and policymakers, in recent years a revisionist consensus has emerged in opposition to this traditional view. Based on an analysis of historical evidence from the aftermath of the 1964 Chinese nuclear test, this article argues that scholars have gone too far in rejecting the nuclear domino theory. Reactive proliferation has been more prevalent than commonly believed, and while it is true that only India acquired a nuclear arsenal in response to the Chinese test, to a significant extent this is precisely because the United States was aware of the danger of reactive proliferation and worked to stop it. Finally, the historical evidence suggests that the nuclear domino theory is compatible with both domestic and prestige motivations for proliferation in addition to the security motives normally associated with the theory.

리처드 마이어 건축에 표현된 바로크적 특성 연구

Baroque is fundamentally in contrast with renaissance style classicism, which attempted to fix a world view itself as the value of perpetuity. Furthermore, it is interpreted as a topic of incompletion or transformation that is not defined or is not exemplary and which may be enjoyed by people in the classical life, which requires a microscopic concept in contrast with dualism, the central axis of western civilization, namely, rational lucidity. Also, such characteristics are estimated to serve as a lubricant in life while going beyond the formal aesthetic level of art even from a contemporary perspective, and to play a productive role and to have potential. Consequently, this paper assumed that the concepts expressed by the 20th century US contemporary architect Richard Meier of a complex space, namely architectural formative vocabularies such as overlapping, interpenetration, collision, and collage style mixture created by a layered structure, in his architecture are in common with the double surface technique and juxtaposition of a flat structure of Baroque architecture. Then, the paper analyzed and considered the characteristics. The paper considered the following two issues: Such Baroque style formal principle is reinterpreted against a backdrop in which his architectural flow based on the domino theory of Le Corbusier became established as his own unique architectural feature, and it may be proposed as one big flow that enables us to seek again modernistic architecture that attempts to make an architectural space absolute as an atypical formal contour.