Dominance Of Patriarchy Research Articles

The Sociality of Tragic Fate of Marginal Characters from a Masculinist Perspective - An Example from the Film Mr. Tree

The protagonist of this film is Mr.Tree, an over-aged youth, unemployed and mentally ill, who lives at the bottom of Chinese rural society. Through the subjective perspective of him, a marginal character in the society, the film reflects on and crises the social problems faced in the process of development and transformation of contemporary society under the domination of the patriarchal system, and this paper will discuss how this process is based on the dual identities of grassroots and male. This paper will discuss how this process has caused irreparable damage to the fate of the marginalized characters represented by Mr.Tree, who is both grassroots and male, as well as the inevitable social factors for this damage to occur, so as to analyse the plight of the underclass under the domination of the patriarchal system from a masculine point of view. The male survival dilemma under the domination of patriarchy is analyzed from a masculine perspective.

Inequality as a cultural construction: Women’s access to land rights in Madurese society

This article investigates the challenges faced by women on Madura Island, East Java, Indonesia in obtaining property rights, particularly in regards to land ownership. In Madurese society, land ownership rights have been largely awarded to male offspring. The study used a constructivist perspective and data from field observations, interviews, document analysis, and literature review to examine how power is perpetuated in Madurese society through cultural norms. The results show that these challenges are rooted in cultural construction that leads to unjust treatment of women within the family. The dominance of patriarchy in Madurese culture has created additional difficulties for women, who are already responsible for managing domestic affairs. Despite their crucial role in the family, the ongoing discrimination against women in obtaining property rights has a significant impact on their future, as they are forced to rely on men. The cultural construction that shapes the treatment of women in Madurese society continues to restrict their independence.

Education as a Tool for Women Empowerment in Zaynab Alkali and Abubakar Gimba’s Selected Novels

The dominance of patriarchy as a cultural mainstay of the people and Islam as a religious philosophy and practice in northern Nigeria did not prioritise the education of the girl child until recently. The result of these is the diminished contribution of the woman to the welfare of northern Nigerian. This paper examines the plight of northern Nigerian woman and how education as a tool brings social development, empowers the woman to be an agent of change. The feminist critical approach to literature and Marxist literary theory are used as a tool for the textual assessment of Zaynab Alkali’s The Descendants and Abubakar Gimba’s Sacred Apples in this paper. Besides, many females do not have access to education in their community; this lack of access to educate the woman is the result of cultural, religious and economic factors. Furthermore, the paper reveals the importance of education to the woman, since no society progresses by the efforts of a segment of its population. The paper concludes that the emancipator power of education is a tool for social liberation, self-actualisation and development for the individual in particular and the society in general. It is the most important tool in addressing women problem in Nigeria, especially in the northern part.

A Model for Women Representation in the South African National Defense Force: Concealing the Delusion of Femininity and Masculinity

This paper presents a model for women representation in the South African National Defence force (SANDF). The dominance of patriarchy and masculinity has frequently jeopardised the representation of women in combat roles in the SANDF. Male military officers have always predominated in the military hierarchy. Since World War I, women, like males, have played vital roles in the military as warriors; nonetheless, they have been marginalised, unrecognised, and underrepresented. The researcher used liberal feminist theory because she thinks that women, like men, have the right to engage in all political and social roles (including war roles) in all political and social roles (including war roles). The qualitative approach and an exploratory research design were used in this study. The population of the study comprised all female military officers in the Limpopo province. Snowballing sampling was used to identify the research participants and a total of fifteen female military officers were selected to take part in in-depth interviews. Data was analysed using thematic content analysis. The study identified elements that impact women's participation in the military as well as the institution's capacity to meet their requirements.. The nature of representation between men and women in the SANDF was found instrumental in concealing the delusion of femininity and masculinity. These findings were instrumental in developing the model for gender representation in the SANDF. The model has four components namely the society, women, government and SANDF. The SANDF is at the centre of the model and the other three components play a pivotal role in naturing the force to ensure gender representation. The study concludes that gender representation in the SANDF can only be achieved if all the three components are considered. Two recommendations were made: the importance of outreach and provision of information.

Analisis Wacana Kritis pada Novel Tempurung Karya Oka Rusmini dan Implikasinya dalam Pembelajaran

This research aims to find, describe, interpret, and explain the ideology of women against the domination of patriarchy, myths and customs in Oka Rusmini's Tempurung novel as teaching materials for senior high school students. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative. This study uses critical discourse analysis as a blade of analysis. The data source in this study is the Tempurung novel by Oka Rusmini, published by PT. Gramedia Widiasarana Indonesia in 2017. The steps taken in data collection are as follows: read over and over the whole novel to understand its contents completely, record important words, sentences, or data related to the problem under study, record and collect relevant theories related to research, conduct research based on existing theories, and draw conclusions. The steps in data processing are as follows: data description, data classification, data analysis, data interpretation, and evaluation. The data analysis techniques used were: processing and presenting data, reading the entire data, coding the data and descriptions, interpreting and explaining the data. The findings in this study are that the Tempurung novel is a reflection of the ideology of women's resistance to the patriarchal system, the ideology of fighting against myths created by patriarchy, and the ideology of resistance to tradition. The resistence is done to obtain equality in their rights and obligations, so that women can get freedom like men. The female characters in the Tempurung novel fight against the domination of patriarchy, myths, and their own cultural customs in order to realize equal rights between men and women. These findings can be used in the creating of text-based teaching materials as learning materials in the senior high school. The application of the concept of critical discourse analysis in learning will contribute to students’ critical thinking in solving various problems in life.

The Struggle of Woman Emancipation in the Movie “On The Basis Of Sex”: A Feminist Criticism

As stated in the theory of reception that literature including movie is a reflection of real world, this research tried to unveil social phenomenon within movie entitled “On the Basis of Sex”. In order to conduct the analysis, Marxist feminism is used as a theory. The method used in the study was descriptive qualitative method in which the movie script is the main source of the data. The result of the study showed that women did the struggle against discrimination and domination of patriarchy in some aspects, such as job and occupation, law, social environment, and cultural structure. This is a very interesting movie that brings the issue of discrimination, oppression, localization, commoditization and also the struggle to get rid of them and to establish women emancipation. The movie succeeded in portraying those social problems. The viewers of the movie could be aware of those issues. Men should be aware that they have to look at women equally. Furthermore, women also have to struggle for their right. Women should be independent. Ruth is the best example of how women should do. We have to fight against anything to establish women emancipation, even we have to fight the laws that are discriminative.

DOES THE INCLUSION OF WOMEN ON THE BOARD ADD PROFIT AND VALUE ADDED TO FIRMS?

Based on the idea that the majority of family companies and the dominance of patriarchy in the social structure in Turkey may reduce the effectiveness of female managers in company management, this study aims to examine the effect of female managers on firm performance in Borsa Istanbul (BIST) companies. We limited our study to 126 manufacturing companies that were continuously traded in the BIST in the 2010-2017 periods. In general, the following results were obtained in the multiple regression analyzes. The ratio of women in the board of directors and the presence of at least 1 woman in the board of directors were not found to have a significant effect on performance criteria. While the effect of having 2 or more women in the board of directors on ROE and having 3 or more women on EVA/TA was significant, the effects on other performance criteria were not found to be significant.

Dominasi Patriarki dalam Budaya Merariq Kodeq di Lombok Timur

Youth marriage had been the problem in all over regionals in Indonesia, without exception what had occurred in Sasak ethnic in Lombok. Merariq culture is a culture to kidnap a girl without knowing by parents in the night. Merariq kodeq is a marriage conducted by kidnapping a girl in young age. The culture of merariq is regarded as the highest contributor of youth marriage number in Lombok. Data BPPKB (Agency for Women Protection and Family Planning) stated that East Lombok had been included in red zone for youth marriage. Besides, the high number of divorce and women as the head of household is because of the ease to get married and divorce in Sasak ethnic Lombok.
 This study is aimed to know the domination of patriarchy in merariq kodeq culture and the effect caused by merariq kodeq culture by using qualitative approach case study method. Data collection was conducted by in-depth interview, observation and documentation. Post-feminist theory of Luce Irigaray used as reference to discuss patriarchy domination in merariq kodeq culture. Domination occurs because of the difference of men and women in symbolic norms, in masculine and patriarchal. Patriarchal position arranged by conformation a genealogy by others.
 Domination of patriarchy in merariq kodeq culture occurs in pre-marriage, household and divorce and children custody. The form of patriarchy domination in pre-marriage visible on merariq values, when a young man who protected by custom rules allowed to kidnap a girl if they get married. The form of domination in household can be seen from domestic sphere, even the girl has her function as a wife but she still have pressure and physical or psychological abuses. The form of domination in divorce is children custody visible during divorce decision, husband as superior decision maker because he has no marriage letter. Besides, post-divorce, their children would be the wife and entrusted to grandparents. The effect of merariq kodeq marriage is 1) the ease of marriage-divorce and physical abuse in household, 2) unreadiness in reproduction and wrong parenting.

Women's Resistance Towards Oppression in Etaf Rum's A Woman Is No Man

Women have been oppressed through the domination of patriarchy that controls their lives. Therefore, women resist the oppression by speaking up for their rights to own one’s life. This study investigates women's oppression and their resistance in the novel A Woman Is No Man by Etaf Rum. Deploying Patricia Hill Collins' theory of Matrix of Domination and Self-Definition, this study applied a descriptive-analytical method in analyzing how women experience oppression and their actions in resisting it. Portrayed by the three generations of Arab-American female characters, the result of this study finds women are experiencing oppressions managed within the four domains of power: structural, disciplinary, hegemonic, and interpersonal domain of power. While men have the privilege of being free, women are burden with the family’s reputation and domestic duties that turn them into a docile individual. Furthermore, women’s self-definition helps them to gather their self-worth to counter the oppression. Women’s resistances are realized through their ability to maintain self-valuation and respect, self-reliance and independence, and personal empowerment through the act of being brave in voicing their thoughts, going to college, and living on their own, and encouraging each other to raise awareness of self-definition

Ecofeminism and Enviromental Protection: A Legal Perspective

Women are very important figures to ensure sustainable development. This paper discusses the role of women in environmental protection from the perspective of eco-feminism and law. This research is a non-doctrinal legal research with a socio-legal approach. The data used are secondary data obtained through literature studies, then the data that has been obtained is analyzed qualitatively. It is learnt from the discussion that eco-feminism as a thought that criticizes the dominance of patriarchy over control of environmental management and has succeeded in encouraging environmental protection movements carried out by women in various countries. Women are key actors in using, managing and protecting natural resources. Environmental preservation is closely related to the role of women. From a legal perspective, eco-feminism is an effort by the people to seek justice as the main goal of law and ensure the principle of equality before the law inmonitoring, protecting and enjoying the benefits of environmental sustainability.

The Ideology of Resistance in Tempurung Novel by Oka Rusmini: Critical Discourse Analysis Study

This research aims to find, describe, interpret, and explain the ideology of women against the domination of patriarchy, myths and customs in Oka Rusmini's Tempurung novel. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative. This study uses critical discourse analysis as a blade of analysis. The data source in this study is the Tempurung novel by Oka Rusmini, published by PT. Gramedia Widiasarana Indonesia in 2017. The steps taken in data collection are as follows: read over and over the whole novel to understand its contents completely, record important words, sentences, or data related to the problem under study, record and collect relevant theories related to research, conduct research based on existing theories, and draw conclusions. The steps in data processing are as follows: data description, data classification, data analysis, data interpretation, and evaluation. The data analysis techniques used were: processing and presenting data, reading the entire data, coding the data and descriptions, interpreting and explaining the data. The findings in this study are that the Tempurung novel is a reflection of the ideology of women's resistance to the patriarchal system, the ideology of fighting against myths created by patriarchy, and the ideology of resistance to tradition. The resistence is done to obtain equality in their rights and obligations, so that women can get freedom like men. The female characters in the Tempurung novel fight against the domination of patriarchy, myths, and their own cultural customs in order to realize equal rights between men and women. Keywords : resistance, patriarchy, myth, custom, Critical Discourse Analysis DOI: 10.7176/JLLL/73-04 Publication date: November 30 th 2020

Feminist Education in Indonesian Novels Under the Domination of Patriarchy

Media and Gender Inequality in Nigerian Politics Desmond Ekeh Abstract This paper investigates the role of the media in promoting gender discrimination and inequality in Nigerian politics. It argues that the male domination of Nigerian politics, which reproduces gender inequality, is anchored on societal patriarchy as a cultural logic, but, orchestrated and reinforced by media stereotypical portrayal of female politicians as unequal with their male counterparts in the Nigerian political sphere. The study uses a corpus of sociological and media communication theories to advance the argument that the media reinforce the cultural-patriarchal social structure which „narratives‟ women as subordinates, weak, inferior and subservient to their male counterparts; and this engenders gender inequality and affects how the society perceives women and their participation in politics. It examines media coverage of the 2015 presidential election in Nigeria; with the aim to compare the level of coverage given to the female presidential candidate in contradistinction to the male candidates. It content analyzed two purposively selected national news papers in Nigeria – THISDAY and The Guardian. The study examined data generated from news mentions in these two newspapers for a specific period of 28 days in proximity to the election. It concludes that media role affected how the electorate perceives the female candidate in the election. Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.15640/ijgws.v6n2a6

The Logic of Subjection and Circumvention in Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre

The aim of this essay was to examine the circumventive logic of subjection in Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre. The Victorian classical novel has been lauded as a feminist revolutionary text because it portrays a heroine’s achievement of self-identity and self-assertion against the domination of patriarchy. From Michel Foucault’s theoretical perspective with regard to subjectivity, however, an individual cannot become a subject without the regulatory restrictions of external power. For Jane, the coercive and restrictive powers from the Reeds, Lowood institution, Mr. Rochester, and St. John Rivers contribute to the making of her subjectivity. To borrow Louis Althusser’s terms, the ideological interpellation of those external powers constructs Jane’s soul and her consciousness, although her decisions both to get married to the wounded Mr. Rochester and to sacrifice herself for taking care of him derive from her misconception that her moral and ethical enactments are firmly based on her own self will and her natural promptings as an independent female individual.

When a whisper becomes a scream: Tunisian oral culture in Fethia Hechmi's novel Maryam tasqut min yad Allah

ABSTRACTTaking Tunisian author Fethia Hechmi's novel Mariam Falls from the Hands of God (2009) this article demonstrates how writing praxis allows incorporating women's oral culture into a written text, which in turn gives agency to women despite the hegemonic dominance of patriarchy. By offering a literary and cultural analysis of passages in Tunisian dialect, which Hechmi includes in her novel, I demonstrate the relevance of reviving women's collective oral memory that was dissipated in postcolonial Tunisia through the modernist Bourguibist project.

Battles Against the Body: Reconstructing Femininity in Patriarchal Religio-social Spaces

Femininity has been a social construct; the biological attributes of female sexuality had provided mere supporting logics to those constructing authorities which could easily be identified in patriarchal sociopolitical agencies. Philosophy, on the other hand, has always been used by religion as well as governmental authorities to provide a theoretical framework for its pragmatics of dominance and discrimination. The proposed article would focus on how femininity has been persistently considered as a corporeal phenomenon in the socio-religious domain and would explore how the initiated women had to fight against their own body to fit in that discriminating and dominating social structure and religious pragmatics. In the course of this discussion, this article would also focus on politicisation of feminine corporeality in ancient as well as modern societies to exemplify the subtle dominance of patriarchy. Thus, this article would try to understand the making of female subjectivity through this inner battle in the arena of a phallocentric socio-religious narrative.

Agricultural Labour and the Gender Dimension: A Note

In this commentary, we examine the gender dimension in Indian agrarian history. For doing so, we review the scholarship of three economic historians, Surendra J. Patel, Dharma Kumar and Utsa Patnaik, who have looked at the evolution of the agrarian classes in modern India. We argue for the importance of giving a rightful place to female labour, outlining the persistence of the multifold oppression they face and the general conditions of their existence. Historically, they have suffered, and continue to do so, under the dominance of patriarchy, class and caste. Lastly, we conclude that including a gender perspective will help in ameliorating the status of female labour through state action.

Причины утраты женственности героиней античных трагедий Медеей и этическая оценка данного явления

The author of the article seeks to reveal the reasons for the loss of femininity by heroines’ suffering from the Medea complex. To this end, the author considers the various developments of the plot featuring a betrayed woman taking revenge on her husband to be found in mythology, Euripides’ tragedies, Jean Marie Lucien Pierre Anouilh’s dramas, Yuri Petrovich Lyubimov’s theatrical performances at the Taganka Theatre. The author demonstrates that the revenge of mythological Medea is extolled and sanctified by Helios. In «Medea» created in a patriarchy-dominated period, Euripides shows a different attitude: his sympathy for the heroine reveals itself in Medea’s monologue, however, his condemnation of children-destruction by Medea is evident through the chorus cues. The image of the heroine is still elevated and stirs up sympathy. Lyubimov theatrical performance is inspired by Euripides’ tragedy, but the director gives a broad hint at the Medea tragedy repeating itself in the contemporary context. Kama Ginkas’ theatrical performances, emphasis is laid on Medea’s villainy, rather than on a feat of love. The author of the article claims that
 the evolution of the interpretation of Medea’s image is in tune with the evolution of cultural values over time. The view of Medea as alien to femininity is related by the author to the dominance of patriarchy and
 Christianity, which the author is agreed with and concludes that currently the image of Medea is to be seen as a negative example which serves to demonstrate that revenge, murder, and lack of maternal duty are incompatible with the concept of femininity. The author proves that the Medea complex identification and its ethics- and aesthetics-informed interpretation are currently of utmost importance.