Domestic Mining Research Articles

Research on Mining Maximum Subsidence Prediction Based on Genetic Algorithm Combined with XGBoost Model

The extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) ensemble learning algorithm excels in solving complex nonlinear relational problems. In order to accurately predict the surface subsidence caused by mining, this work introduces the genetic algorithm (GA) and XGBoost integrated algorithm model for mining subsidence prediction and uses the Python language to develop the GA-XGBoost combined model. The hyperparameter vector of XGBoost is optimized by a genetic algorithm to improve the prediction accuracy and reliability of the XGBoost model. Using some domestic mining subsidence data sets to conduct a model prediction evaluation, the results show that the R2 (coefficient of determination) of the prediction results of the GA-XGBoost model is 0.941, the RMSE (root mean square error) is 0.369, and the MAE (mean absolute error) is 0.308. Then, compared with classic ensemble learning models such as XGBoost, random deep forest, and gradient boost, the GA-XGBoost model has higher prediction accuracy and performance than a single machine learning model.

Оценка надежности функционирования главной водоотливной установки кимберлитового рудника

One of the reasons for the breakthrough of the pit bowl, and, accordingly, the flooding of the kimberlite mine Mir could be the deterioration of the drainage system from the mine. The slowdown in the process of pumping mine water from the Mir mine to the daytime surface is explained by the fact that the actual total productivity of its two main drainage installations was not designed to pump out the water inflow, which is much higher than normal. After the emergency that resulted in the death of people, and subsequently the conservation of the mine for an indefinite period, a detailed study of ways to improve the reliability of the operation of the main drainage installations of operating kimberlite mines became one of the areas of scientific research of PJSC ALROSA (PJSC). To date, the most flooded domestic kimberlite mine is the Udachny mine. The pumping equipment of its main dewatering plant is characterized by a rather low operational reliability. The article is devoted to assessing the reliability of the operation of the main drainage plant in the Udachny kimberlite mine for the period 2016–2021. It is established that the time spent by the pumping equipment of the main drainage plant for pumping out normal and maximum water inflows increased by 2 and 2.5 times, respectively, in this period, which negatively affected the reliability of its operation in terms of compliance with the safety requirements. To ensure long-term reliable and efficient operation of the main dewatering plant of the Udachny mine, it is required to lay another injection pipeline staves, as well as to drill catchment mine workings near the quarry, in the areas where the main volume of quarry water is formed.

Marketing Activities of Extractive Industry Enterprises in Ukraine in Overcoming the Consequences of the Corona Crisis

The study evaluated the state of international activities of extractive industry enterprises of Ukraine in the conditions of overcoming the consequences of corona crisis. The system of indicators to assess the effectiveness of their marketing activities in conditions caused by the pandemic coronavirus COVID-19 was developed. The evaluation system proposed in the study includes the analysis of indicators of production volume of the main types of extractive industry products, the dynamics of kaolin mining volumes in Ukraine and the dynamics of sales volumes of extractive industry products by Ukrainian enterprises on international markets. Also the structure of sales volumes of extractive industry products by Ukrainian enterprises on international markets was determined. An important stage of the proposed research methodology is the assessment of indicators of convergence of international markets in the conditions of overcoming the consequences of corona crisis. In the process of the study a comprehensive assessment of the convergence of Ukrainian enterprises of extractive industry in the conditions of overcoming the consequences of corona crisis was carried out. The approach is based on the application of ranks summation method for rating international markets by the system of dynamic indicators. The results of the study made it possible to determine the marketing attractiveness of markets of Belgium, Canada, Netherlands, Bangladesh, Hong Kong China, Pakistan for the activities of domestic enterprises of extractive industry at them, and assess their convergence. The last stage of the research was an expert assessment of convergence indicators of international markets in the conditions of overcoming the consequences of the coronocrisis. As a result of such assessment four international convergent markets were identified - Belgium, Canada, the Netherlands, Hong Kong, which demonstrate favorable conditions for doing business at them, and which indicates the existence of convergent conditions for domestic mining companies to sell the commodity group "2507 Kaolin and other kaolin clays" at the markets".

Comparison Of Vietnam And Poland coal resources & coal demand in the past and how it will change in future

The article in individual chapters discuss domestic coalresources in Poland and Vietnam, types of coal occurrence in bothcountries, the processing status and main domestic mining companies. Thelast part will be a comparison of mining prospects and plans for thedevelopment of coal mining in both countries and a summary of positivepractices in both countries.

Study and Application of Full Tailing Deep Concentration and Rapid Dewatering Technology

The problem of unstable full tailing sand concentration and dewatering in some mine filling systems has led to substandard bottom flow concentration of tailing sand concentration equipment, wide fluctuation ranges of filling concentration, substandard return water concentration at filling stations, and high flocculant addition cost. Through flocculation and sedimentation tests, the effect of the flocculant and sedimentation law and the effect of slurry concentration on sedimentation rate were studied, and the field application of the flocculant addition point model was verified. The results showed that (1) when the dose of the flocculant was added, the F1‐type polyacrylamide as the flocculant made the best settling effect of the whole tailing sand in the test, as judged by comparing the falling rate of the clarified layer and the clarification degree of the supernatant. (2) With the increasing flocculant concentration, the settling speed of tailing sand gradually becomes slower; the range of the best settling concentration was 8%–18% of tailing sand concentration; and the concentration of tailing sand corresponding to the maximum solid flux was 10%–14%. (3) Relying on the site conditions of a domestic copper mine, the feed concentration was diluted from 20%–25% to 10%–12%, and the overflow water clarification test was less than 300 ppm, which verified the flocculant test and the correctness of the flocculant addition point model. The type and dosage of the flocculant as well as the feed concentration of the tailing slurry all have an effect on the flocculation and settling effect. The results of the study can provide some implications for the efficient flocculation and settlement of tailings in other mines.

Mining City — Ideal City: From Chaux to Ekaterinburg, from Conception to Implementation

This article considers the history of the unrealised project of the establishment of “free mining towns” in Russia (in the Urals) in the first half of the nineteenth century. Only free people were to live and work in such towns. In 1802, the outstanding mining figure A. S. Yartsov filed a note addressed to Emperor Alexander I, in which he proposed several measures to improve the domestic mining industry. The creation of mining towns inspired by European Bergstдdte was one of these measures. A special committee on the reform of the mining part was established under the influence of Yartsov’s note. In 1804, the French architect Claude-Nicolas Ledoux published a treatise L’Architecture considérée sous le rapport de l’art, des mœurs et de la legislation (Architecture Considered in Relation to Art, Morals, and Legislation) in Paris. The work was preceded by a dedication to the Russian emperor. The project of the ideal mining city of Chaux was presented in the publication. With the help of architectural forms, Ledoux dreamed of creating an ideal environment for the moral development of people. Could the French architect have known that at the very same time in St Petersburg work was being carried out for a legal justification of the establishment of “free cities” in Russia, a country where serfdom was still a reality? This assumption does not look improbable. A special committee prepared a draft of new mining legislation, which was approved by Alexander I on July 13, 1806. Ekaterinburg received the status of a mining city on May 1, 1807. However, afterwards the emperor lost interest in liberal projects. Ekaterinburg remained the only mining city in Russia. The content of the concept of a “free mining city” also changed: the dream of free labour was replaced by the idea of independence of such a city from the governor’s power.

Does Green Transition Affect the Performance of Domestic Mining Enterprises

The rise of green economy and sustainable development requires enterprises to pay more attention to comprehensive performance in the process of performance evaluation. With the rise of the concept of green mine, mine performance evaluation also pays more attention to environmental protection and comprehensive utilization of resources. The comprehensive performance evaluation index system of mines is constructed from three aspects: economic output performance, comprehensive development and utilization performance, and environmental governance performance. The comprehensive performance of 18 major mines in Songxian County, Henan Province is evaluated by using the analytic hierarchy process and entropy method. The results show that the overall performance of the main mines in Songxian County is low, and most of the mines have poor performance in comprehensive development and utilization and environmental governance. The task of building green mines is still very heavy.

Characterizing end-of-life household vehicles’ generations in China: Spatial-temporal patterns and resource potentials

China is now boasting a huge number of end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) with a low recovery rate, resulting in a waste of resources and severe environmental pollution. Predicting the generation of ELVs in future helps to enhance recycling efficiency by providing a basis for the planning of recycling industry. However, previous research did not provide a detailed, mid-term forecast. Based on a stocks-driven model and the bottom-up extrapolation of in-use stocks, this study characterizes the generation of end-of-life household vehicles (HVs) in China by addressing the detailed spatial-temporal patterns and resource potentials during 2019–2050. The results show that the annual end-of-life HVs in China will continuously increase during 2019–2050, resulting an accumulated 1.48 billion units, among which urban areas will account for 86%, and internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) will take up 80%. Regarding the spatial patterns, eastern region will possess the largest proportion, and wide variations are found among all provinces due to the difference in population size and economic development level, which have important implications for further planning of end-of-life HVs recycling industry. Before 2050, accumulated quantity of all types of metals in end-of-life HVs will approach domestic mine production (in 2019), or even approach the current global mine production, indicating they have a great potential as an indispensable source for domestic resource supply.

Research on the Rock Pressure Behavior at Close-Distance Island Working Faces under Deep Goaf

In order to realize the safe and efficient mining of the short-distance isolated island working face under the deep goaf area, the 120502 isolated island working face of Liuzhuang Mine was taken as the engineering background. The method of combining numerical simulation and field measurement were used comprehensively to systematically simulate and study the spatial evolution of the stress field, plastic strain field, and fracture field of coal rock during the mining process. The leading support pressure and the vertical displacement of the roof in the overlapping section and noncoinciding section of the isolated working face and the goaf above were measured on site. The results are that the peak value of the advanced support pressure of the overlap section and the nonoverlapping section is 10 m before the coal wall of the working face; the advanced support pressure of the nonoverlapping section is 33.3 MPa, and the vertical displacement of the roof is 300 mm. The advanced support pressure and the vertical displacement of the roof in the noncoincidence section were significantly higher than those in the coincidence section of 18.2 MPa and 210 mm. The results are consistent with those predicted by numerical simulation. This provides theoretical support for the safe mining of the 120502 isolated island working face in Liuzhuang Mine and, at the same time, provides a reference for the study of similar working faces in other domestic mining areas.

Committing to coal? Scripts, sociotechnical imaginaries, and the resurgence of a coal regime in the Philippines

The Philippine coalscape emerged from state-sponsored support for coal that civil society continually challenges. This paper examines how this coalscape was produced from contesting sociotechnical imaginaries and by whom. The article highlights how the state circulated the imaginaries of support towards coal import, domestic mining, and combustion for electricity using the scripts of energy security for national development. At the same time, it also sheds light on how proponents of an anti-coal imaginary used their scripts of energy transition, energy justice, and energy democracy. Using primary data from interviews, supplemented by a review of policy documents, news reports, and popular articles, this paper maps the scripts that proponents employ to produce these imaginaries. On the one hand, scripts on affordability, access, and reliability have shored up the pro-coal imaginary in the Philippines, which, altogether, converge into a grand imaginary of securing domestic energy supply to address the country’s economic development. On the other hand, the scripts of polycentric social mobilizations for just and democratizing energy transition against pollution, human rights abuses (especially on Indigenous Peoples), and climate action buttressed an anti-coal imaginary. Putting into the spotlight these conflicting imaginaries provides insights into the intricate associations of energy systems with the environment, human rights, sustainability, and climate.

The challenges of Industry 4.0 and the need for new answers in the mining industry

Relevance of the work is due to the need for further modernization of the economy of the Russian Federation, which involves solving both basic theoretical and applied problems of the domestic mining industry. This circumstance largely determines not only the state of the state’s production resources, but also its scientific and technical potential. The global trend in the development of mining operations in the world is mainly determined by open pit mining of raw material resources. Open pit mining is characterized by an increase in the volume of processed rock mass, improved production processes through the use of advanced technologies, which entails the use of high-capacity mining machines. The main problems of open-cut mining are the following: complex mining and geological and mining-technical conditions; depletion of the mineral resource base; and constantly changing environmental conditions. All this leads to an increase in the cost of mining and a decrease in the competitiveness of the products of mining companies. Objective of the work. To establish the need to modernize traditional technologies in open pit mining with the possibility of integrating the main ideas of Industry 4.0. Research methodology. When solving the set tasks a complex approach was used, including: scientific analysis and synthesis of previously published research, analytical studies, laboratory experiment and observations of the work of open-pit excavators in real operating conditions. The methods of mathematical statistics include system analysis and modeling with the use of information technologies form the methodological basis of the research. Results. This paper deals with the issues of modelling the cab of a quarry crawler excavator to meet the technical requirements for the excavator cab in protecting against tipping and rock impacts. Model setup and analysis of simulation results after loading are performed using Autodesk Inventor software. An optimal finite-element model of an excavator operator’s cabin has been developed to assess the effectiveness of its structural protection. Conclusions. Implementing the core ideas of Industry 4.0 is a complex scientific and technical challenge. Its solution is connected with significant economic costs, including modernization of mining equipment, infrastructure, as well as changes in the technology of open-cast mining. The implementation of complex automated control systems and practical application of the latest information and geoinformation technologies will unambiguously give high estimated figures and have high applied potential, and ultimately ensure safety of open pit mining, increase of efficiency and productivity, possibility of mining in regions with complex mining and geological and mining-technical conditions.

IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTICLE 3 LAW NUMBER 4 OF 2009 CONCERNING MINERAL AND COAL MINING IN THE GRANTING OF EXPLORATION MINING BUSINESS LICENSE

Indonesia is a country rich in natural resources. Therefore, the Government isexpected to be able to manage these natural resources with the aim of people's welfare in accordance with the mandate of the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia 1945 as stipulated in Article 33 paragraph (3) which reads "The Earth, water and natural resources contained therein are controlled by the state and used for the greater prosperity of the people ". Article 3 of Law Number 4 Year 2009 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining provides guidelines for the government in the implementation of mining business activities and to support the implementation of licensing of mining business activities. The issue of how to implement the granting of exploration mining business licenses based on Article 3 of Law No. 4 of 2009 on Mineral and Coal Mining in Lampung Province and how to supervise mining business activities in Lampung Province. The method used uses normative and empirical juridical research. The implementation of the granting of exploration mining business licenses based on Article 3 of Law No. 4 of 2009 on Mineral and Coal Mining in Lampung Province has been running but not yet maximal because the permit process is too long so that the purpose of the implementation of mining business activities is not achieved. The suggestion is that the license for exploration mining activities must be carried out by one government agency / agency, in order to facilitate the process of obtaining the permit in order to support the effectiveness of mining activities and the cycle of domestic mining investment, especially in Lampung Province.

Reclaimed water application to vegetation restoration in mining area: Determination of water quality standards and optimization of moderate treatment technology

Water shortage severely restricts vegetation restoration of mining area in the northwest China. Moderate treatment of reclaimed water is essential for improving the local ecological environment. In this study, relevant water quality standards issued by the states and research results were comprehensively considered to propose a reclaimed water quality standard suitable for vegetation restoration of mining area. The available domestic sewage and mine water was moderately treated by hybrid biological reactor system and nanofiltration membrane system, respectively. The effluent quality meet the requirement of reclaimed water quality standards in this study. This study provides theoretical support for vegetation restoration of mining area.

深部煤矿冲击地压机理及监测防控技术研究

深部煤矿冲击地压机理及监测防控技术研究

Study on the integrated planning of deep mining considering rock burst prediction

Deep mining is an inevitable future trend involving resource acquisition. However, as mining depth increases, the high geostress and severe mining disturbance lead to prominent rock burst disasters. At present, the design of deep mines is mainly based on the engineering experiences based on shallow mining. To date, no integrated planning has been implemented for deep mining in domestic mines. Moreover, during the deep mining process, most problems are handled and solved only after the disaster happens due to the lack of understanding of deep disaster problem. In this paper, a large-scale 3D numerical model was established by Map3D software by considering the high geostress environment, the physical and mechanical parameters of rocks, the constitutive model, and preliminary design parameters Based on this model, the disturbance coefficient and energy accumulation state of stopes was predicted, and the rock burst risk was evaluated. According to the analysis results, the medium-deep hole sublevel open stopping method was chosen to reduce the rock burst risk during deep mining. Through the integrated planning of deep mining, the risk of rock burst disasters can be evaluated ahead of time, thus facilitating the use of a more scientific and reasonable mining method in the field of mining engineering. Integrated planning provides a new method for deep mining and can also and can help reduce or even control fundamentally the magnitude and frequency of rock burst disasters. Thus, it has great security and economic significance for mining engineering.

Application of surfactant in oilfield development

With the rapid growth of the global economy, China’s economy is also rapid development, and the demand for crude oil in various countries is geometric multiple growth, domestic demand far exceeds the progress of domestic mining. The security of the domestic economy will suffer as crude oil prices rise. The increase of mining rate should be strengthened on the domestic baseline, using physical, biological and chemical technology support, three mining. The recovery of crude oil was increased to 80.0%-85.0% with high-dose polymer and surfactant.

Safety Detection of Mine Explosion-proof Electrical Products against Short Circuit Arc

The open-cover power off switch of mine flameproof low-voltage explosion-proof electrical appliances must be absolutely electrified to open the cover in the use process. When the workers need to repair the flameproof products, the pre-stage power supply can be cut off for construction. “Bolt fastening locking mechanism of main flameproof chamber” is a new power failure method tried by domestic mining enterprises. It is on the bolt fastening open cover mode, add a layer of thin steel plate, and tighten with bolts. This steel plate through the switch button to the flameproof chamber to play the role of power failure. The purpose of this paper is to protect the safety of explosion-proof product users by designing the safety performance test of mine explosion-proof electrical products to prevent short circuit arc. This paper analyzes the cause of flammable gas explosion in short circuit arc under the condition of the explosion-proof safety performance and the harm degree, the influence of initial short circuit arc causes and preventive measures are given, through the experiment was designed to prevent short-circuit arc safety inspection mechanism, and makes the product security pass rate is higher than 98%, in the end, made clear that to strengthen the quality control of flameproof switch products is of great significance to ensure the safety of coal mine.

Sustainable Coal Mining and Electricity Generation: With Special Reference to Dahanu Thermal Power Station

Mining Industry is often tagged as a polluting sector since it involves since it involves extensive resource exploitation by unsustainable methods. The techniques involved in mining cause tremendous destruction to the environment and health of people living in nearby areas. There is a growing consensus on sustainable and efficient mineral development which will avoid the clash between economic and environmental interests. Deployment of advanced and sustainable technological solutions in the entire mining process, fixing the gaps in its regulatory mechanisms and learning from the successes of specific domestic and international mining operations are certain solutions that have the capacity this sector more productive. The paper provides insights into the problems of mining sector and possible solutions to overcome these problems. It also provides examples of certain best practices adopted by mining corporations for sustainable coal mining. The paper also explores various methods and technologies which can be adopted by Thermal Power Plants to reduce their emissions and simultaneously conserve environment. An empirical study of Dahanu Thermal Power Station located in state of Maharashtra of India has been undertaken for this purpose to study the modern technologies adopted by them to lower their emission levels.

МЕХАНОХИМИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ДОБЫЧИ МЕТАЛЛОВ ИЗ ХВОСТОВ ОБОГАЩЕНИЯ

Актуальность и цель исследования. Цель исследования –установить взаимосвязь параметров технологии выщелачивания с эффективностью извлечения металлов. Статья посвящена проблеме совершенствования технологии извлечения металлов из продуктов первичной переработки металлических руд в рамках направления безотходной утилизации хвостов переработки. Ее актуальность обусловлена тем, что в настоящее время прослеживается глобальная тенденция – переход к «устойчивым геотехнологиям», одним из направлений которой является расширение сферы использования техногенного сырья, а опыт безотходной утилизации хвостов сравнительно мал. Методика исследования. В экспериментах применена единая методика технологического процессас математическим планированием. Для формирования поверхности регрессии в трехмерном виде использована процедура алгоритмов строгой интерполяции. Результаты. Приведены результаты экспериментального обоснования возможности выщелачивания металлов из минеральных отходов из хвостов обогащения с использованием дезинтегратора российского производства. Область эффективного применения технологий утилизации некондиционного металлосодержащего минерального сырья определена моделированием технологических и экономических показателей с учетом стоимости каждого из компонентов выщелачиваемого раствора, а также затрат, связанных с увеличением продолжительности технологического процесса. Показано, что эффективность утилизации хвостов обогащения зависит от масштабов использования технологии выщелачивания на этапах от добычи до металлургического передела, а концепт эффективности новой технологии состоит в получении дохода от увеличения количества товарной продукции за счет утилизации некондиционного по содержанию металлов исходного сырья. Определено, что комплексность использования недр можно повысить путем выделения большей доли металлов в процессе выщелачивания хвостов обогащения в дезинтеграторе. Выводы. Реализация технологии обеспечивает вовлечение в производство омертвленных минеральных ресурсов и создает новую сырьевую базу для устойчивого развития отечественного горно-металлургического комплекса. Рекомендовано дальнейшие исследования параметров безотходного выщелачивания металлов сосредоточить в области выявления совместного влияния доли раствора и массового содержания реагентов в обогащаемой пульпе на эффективность процесса.

The Micro-Foundations of the Resource Curse: Mineral Ownership and Local Economic Well-Being in Sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract The quantitative evidence on whether extractive industries generate economic wealth at the local level is far from conclusive. In line with recent studies highlighting the moderating role of institutions and governance structures in the resource–development nexus, we argue that the effect of mining on local economic well-being is largely driven by different control rights regimes. We claim that domestic mineral production stimulates local income more than internationally controlled extraction, since national mining companies promote more backward economic linkages and have higher incentives to engage in local capacity building. To test our micro-level arguments, we combine information on districts’ economic well-being as well as individual's assessments of their personal economic situation with our own dataset on the control rights of copper, gold, and diamond mines. Relying on these data, we perform district- and individual-level analyses of sub-Saharan Africa covering the period from 1997 to 2015. Our instrumental variable estimations and fixed effects models show that the presence of domestic mining companies is associated with increased local wealth. Multinational firms, by contrast, are linked to increased regional unemployment. They largely fail to promote subnational economic well-being.